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词条 Italy–Kurdistan Region relations
释义

  1. Italian military aid to Kurdistan

  2. References

  3. Further reading

{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Italy and Kurdistan Region}}{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Italy–Kurdistan Region|Italy|Kurdistan Region}}Italy–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between Italy and the Kurdistan Region{{refn|While Kurdistan Region refers to the autonomous Kurdish region in Northern Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan is a geographical term referring to the Kurdish area of Iraq}}. Italy has a consulate general in Erbil,[1] while Kurdistan Region has a representation in Rome.[2] Relations are described as "strong" and Italy has a military presence in Kurdistan Region.[3]

Many high-level meeting have been held between Italy and Kurdistan Region. In November 2005, Kurdish President Massoud Barzani visited Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi in Rome,[4] and again in 2009.[5] In September 2012, President Barzani met with the Italian Foreign Minister Giulio Terzi in Rome to discuss economic and cultural ties.[6] Barzani visited Italy again in May 2014, meeting Foreign Minister Federica Mogherini.[7] Three months later, Prime Minister Matteo Renzi visited Erbil to strengthen political and military ties.[8]

The two parties signed an environmental agreement in July 2017, aimed at assisting the Kurdish government with technology concerning climate change.[9]

Italian military aid to Kurdistan

In December 2015, Prime Minister Renzi decided to dispatch 450 Italian soldiers to Kurdistan Region, to protect Kurdish-controlled Mosul Dam as it underwent reconstruction by the Italian company Trevi Sp.A.[10] Furthermore, Italian soldiers have trained about 7,000 Kurdish soldiers, as of January 2017.[11][12] Regarding military aid, Italy has sent 100 machine guns, an undisclosed amount of anti-tank missiles and a Boeing CH-47 Chinook helicopter to Kurdistan. Other aid include 2,000 rocket propelled grenades and one million rounds of ammunion, which Italy seized from a vessel bound to blockaded Serbia in 1994.[13][14] Kurdistan Region is also the base for 8 Italian helicopters; four Agusta A129 Mangustas and four NHIndustries NH90s.[15] In April 2017, the Italian Consul General Serena Muroni stated that Italy would receive 11 wounded Kurdish soldiers for proper medical treatment.[16]

During her trip to Erbil in July 2015, Italian Defence Minister Roberta Pinotti stated that "Italy stands behind Kurdistan in the “common challenge” of fighting the Islamic State group".[17]

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Consulate of Italy - Erbil|url=http://www.conserbil.esteri.it/consolato_erbil/it/|publisher=Foreign Ministry of Italy|accessdate=24 July 2017|language=Italian}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Kurdistan Regional Government - Representation In Italy|url=http://www.italy.gov.krd/|publisher=Kurdistan Regional Government|accessdate=24 July 2017}}
3. ^{{cite news|title=Decades-long Italian-Kurdish ties strengthened in defense minister’s recent visit|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/090220173|accessdate=24 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=9 February 2017}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Biography President Masoud Barzani|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/afet/dv/20140120_cvbarzani_/20140120_cvbarzani_en.pdf|publisher=European Parliament|accessdate=25 July 2017}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=President Barzani arrives in Germany to meet Chancellor Angela Merkel after Italy visit|url=http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?s=010000&l=12&a=28236|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Kurdistan Regional Government|date=4 March 2009}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=President Barzani Meets Italian Foreign Minister in Rome|url=http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?l=12&s=02010100&r=223&a=45332&s=010000|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Kurdistan Regional Government|date=22 September 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Kurdish Flag Set Tone of Barzani’s Meetings at Vatican, Rome|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/31052014|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=31 May 2014}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Iraq, visita lampo di Renzi a Baghdad ed Erbil. Parlamento decide per l'invio di armi ai curdi|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Iraq-visita-lampo-di-Renzi-a-Baghdad-ed-Erbil-d8c13388-5c69-481a-9acd-1dc593b167d9.html|accessdate=24 July 2017|agency=Rai News|date=20 August 2014|language=Italian}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Italia e Kurdistan iracheno firmano un accordo sulla cooperazione ambientale|url=http://www.minambiente.it/notizie/italia-e-kurdistan-iracheno-firmano-un-accordo-sulla-cooperazione-ambientale|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare|date=20 July 2017|language=Italian}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Kurdish PM, Italian military chief discuss military cooperation, Mosul Dam|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/080620172|accessdate=24 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=8 June 2017}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Pinotti visits Italian military in Iraq: training 25% local forces|url=http://www.onuitalia.com/2017/02/04/pinotti-visits-italian-military-iraq-training-25-local-forces/|accessdate=24 July 2017|agency=OnuItalia|date=4 February 2017}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Italian advisers train 7,000 Peshmerga soldiers: Coalition|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/02bb98a2-19d6-4ddc-8235-8a492332fde4/Italian-advisers-train-7-000-Peshmerga-soldiers--Coalition|accessdate=24 July 2017|agency=Kurdistan24|date=21 January 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=Italy adds military muscle for ISIS fight|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/110220154|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=11 February 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|author1=Jan Joel Andersson and Florence Gaub|title=Adding fuel to the fire? Arming the Kurds|url=http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Alert_37_Kurds.pdf|publisher=European Union Institute for Security Studies|accessdate=25 July 2017|page=2|date=July 2015}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Italy to send helicopters to Erbil, 130 infantry troops to Baghdad|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/020320161|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=2 March 2016}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Italy receives wounded Peshmerga fighters for medical treatment|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/cc698479-40ff-43f4-af46-202afecf34fc/Italy-receives-wounded-Peshmerga-fighters-for-medical-treatment|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Kurdistan24|date=30 May 2017}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Italy behind Kurdistan in ‘common challenge’ of fighting ISIS|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/160720151|accessdate=25 July 2017|agency=Rudaw|date=16 July 2015}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|author1=Giuseppe Campanile|title=Storia della regione del Kurdistan e delle sette di religione ivi esistenti|date=1818|publisher=Stamp. di fratelli Fernandes|pages=224}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Galletti|first1=Mirella|title=Le relazioni tra Italia e Kurdistan - La politica italiana verso assiri e curdi (1920-1943)|journal=Oriente Moderno|date=2001|volume=20|issue=81|pages=149–182}}
{{Foreign relations of Italy}}{{Foreign relations of Iraqi Kurdistan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Italy-Kurdistan Region relations}}

2 : Bilateral relations of Italy|Foreign relations of Iraqi Kurdistan
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