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词条 Ivan Zalkind
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  1. Sources

Ivan Abramovich Zalkind ({{Lang-ru|Иван Абрамович Залкинд}}; 1 May[1] 1885 in Saint Petersburg,[2] Russia; 27 November[1] 1928 in Leningrad,[3] Soviet Union), also known as Ivan Artamonov ({{Lang-ru|Иван Артамонов}}),[3] was a Soviet diplomat. Originally a biologist who got his doctorate from the Sorbonne in Paris, Zalkind took part in the October Revolution on the side of Leon Trotsky. When Trotsky 1917 became People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs (de facto: Soviet foreign minister), he made Zalkind his first deputy (de facto: Permanent Under Secretary of State or Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs).[4][5][6][7][8] When Trotsky resigned as foreign minister (because of the peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk), Zalkind was sent as plenipotentiary and consul to Switzerland[3][9][10][11][12] (Zürich, 1918), Turkey (Istanbul, 1922), Latvia (Liepāja, 1923) and Italy (Genoa, 1924, and Milan, 1925). Back in the Soviet Union, after Trotsky's downfall he was expelled from the Communist party and shot himself.[3]

Sources

1. ^1 Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland 1848–1975: Salkind, Iwan
2. ^Ирошников М.П., Чубарьян А.О.: Тайное становится явным
3. ^1 2 3 Архив Александра Н. Яковлева - Альманах "Россия. ХХ век" - Биографический словарь: Залкинд, Иван Абрамович
4. ^Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. [https://biography.wikireading.ru/276197 Начало саботажа]
5. ^John Reed: Zehn Tage, die die Welt erschütterten, pages 111 and 235. MEHRING, Essen 2011
6. ^Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. [https://biography.wikireading.ru/276198 Троцкий в министерстве]
7. ^Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Троцкий, Лев Давидович
8. ^Alexander I. Solschenizyn: Zweihundert Jahre zusammen - die Juden in der Sowjetunion, Vol. 2, p. 86. Herbig, München 2003
9. ^David W. McFadden: Alternative Paths - Soviets and Americans, 1917–1920, p. 107. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993
10. ^Ludmila Thomas, Viktor Knoll: Zwischen Tradition und Revolution - Determinanten und Strukturen sowjetischer Aussenpolitik 1917–1941, pp. 229–232. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2000
11. ^Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland 1848–1975: Le Ministre de Suisse à Berlin, Ph. Mercier, au Chef du Département politique, F. Calonder from Februar 6, 1918
12. ^Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland 1848–1975: Rapport du Conseil fédéral sur les mesures à prendre contre l’agitation bolchevique. from November 6, 1918
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zalkind, Ivan}}{{Russia-bio-stub}}{{USSR-bio-stub}}

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