“Iván Duque Márquez”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Iván Duque Márquez ({{IPA-es|iˈβan ˈdu.ke ˈmaɾkes}}; born August 1, 1976) is a Colombian politician, and lawyer who is the current President of Colombia, in office since 7 August 2018.

Formerly, he served as a senator. He was the Democratic Centre Party's candidate in the 2018 presidential election.^[1]

Life and career

Duque was born in Bogotá, the son of Juliana Márquez Tono (political scientist) (1950–) and {{ill|Iván Duque Escobar|es}} (1937–2016), who served as auditor in the United Nations, governor of Antioquia, Minister of Mines and Energy, president of several companies, unions and public and private institutions, as well as the head of the National Registry of Civil Status during the Government of Andrés Pastrana. Duque’s siblings are Andrés and María Paula, with whom he has a close relationship.^[2]

Duque attended Colegio Rochester and graduated from Sergio Arboleda University in Bogotá in 2000 with a degree in law.^[3] He holds an LLM in International Economic Law from American University and a Masters in Public Policy Management from Georgetown University, Washington D.C.. Duque also attended Harvard University, where he studied business and government.^[4] He began his professional career in 1999 as a consultant in the Andean Development Corporation (CAF) and later served as an advisor at the Colombian Ministry of Finance and Public Credit during the government of Andrés Pastrana (1998–2002).

Subsequently, he worked at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) between 2001 and 2013. There he served as Senior Adviser to the Executive Board for Colombia, Peru and Ecuador, Advisor to the Presidency, and chief of the Division of Culture, Solidarity, and Creativity.

Duque also served a period as international advisor of former President Álvaro Uribe Vélez. Between 2010 and 2011, he was a consultant at the United Nations (UN) in the Research Panel appointed by the Secretary-General for the Incident of the Gaza Flotilla that occurred on May 31st, 2010, between Israel and Turkey, known as Mavi Marmara.

Political background

Duque returned to Colombia to become a candidate for the Senate in the legislative elections of 2014, for the Partido Centro Democrático (Democratic Center Party) led by right wing former president Uribe.

President of Colombia

Election

On 10 December 2017, Duque was appointed by his party as its candidate for President of Colombia. He won the nomination through a system of surveys conducted by the party, with a 29.47% favorability compared to the other two candidates: Carlos Holmes Trujillo who obtained 20.15%, and Rafael Nieto with 20.06%. In January 2018, it was announced that the center-right coalition would participate in the Grand Primary for Colombia –an interparty consultation- with Duque as its candidate confronting Marta Lucía Ramírez (civil-center right movement) and Alejandro Ordóñez (right wing civil movement)^[9]. On 11 March 2018, Duque won the primary with more than 4 million votes. Ramírez was second, with just over 1.5 million votes, and Ordóñez made third with 385,000 votes. During his speech, Duque thanked the support of Colombians at the polls and announced Marta Lucía Ramírez as his running mate in the elections.

On 27 May 2018 Duque earned the most votes in the first round of the presidential election with over 39% of the vote.^[10] Duque was elected President of Colombia on 17 June 2018 after defeating Gustavo Petro 54% to 42% in the second round. He was sworn in on 7 August 2018 at the Bogota's Bolivar Square.^[11]

In December 2018, after only about 3 months in the presidency Duque had 68% disapproval from the Colombians in his job as president, with only 27% approving of his job.

Published books

Iván Duque is the author of the books Monetary Sins (2007), Machiavelli in Colombia (2010),^[12] Orange Effect (2015),^[13] IndignAcción (IndignAction) (2017)^[14] and is co-author of the book The Orange Economy: An Infinite Opportunity (2013).^[15] On March 12, 2018, he released The Future is at the Political Center (El futuro está en el centro), a compilation of the answers to questions that have arisen from Colombians during the campaign.

Duque has also been an Op-Ed contributor to several newspapers: El Colombiano, from Medellín; Portafolio and El Tiempo from Casa Editorial El Tiempo in Bogotá; and El País in Spain.

Personal life

Duque is Catholic. He is married to María Juliana Ruiz Sandoval, with whom he has three children: Luciana, Matías and Eloísa.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ivanduque.com/biografia|title=Biografia de Iván Duque|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/partidos-politicos/quien-es-ivan-duque-candidato-presidencial-2018-160486|title=Este es Iván Duque, el candidato uribista a la presidencia 2018|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|date=11 December 2017|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/ivan-duque-primer-egresado-de-sergio-arboleda-que-es-presidente/571363|title=Por primera vez, la Sergio Arboleda tiene presidente|date=June 17, 2018|accessdate=2018-07-11|publisher=Semana|language=es}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/ivan-duque-marquez/|title=H.E. Iván Duque Márquez|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-09}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201822%20DEL%204%20DE%20ENERO%20DE%202017.pdf|title=Ley 1822 de 2017|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201831%20DEL%2002%20DE%20MAYO%20DE%202017.pdf|title=Ley 1831 de 2017|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201809%20DEL%2029%20DE%20SEPTIEMBRE%20DE%202016.pdf|title=Ley 1809 de 2016|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201834%20DEL%2023%20DE%20MAYO%20DE%202017.pdf|title=Ley 1834 de 2017|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news |publisher=Semana |title=Iván Duque, el gran ganador de la jornada |accessdate=June 25, 2018 |url=https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/ivan-duque-candidato-a-la-presidencia-gana-consulta-de-la-derecha/559858}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Helen |title=Colombia president-elect vows to unite nation, alter peace deal |accessdate= June 25, 2018 |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-election/right-wing-duque-wins-colombian-presidency-beating-leftist-petro-idUSKBN1JD03R}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45107063|title=Iván Duque: Colombia's new president sworn into office|date=2018-08-08|newspaper=BBC News World Latin America}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portafolio.co/economia/finanzas/maquiavelo-colombia-466932|title=Maquiavelo en Colombia|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.planetadelibros.com.co/libro-efecto-naranja/208754|title=Efecto naranja – Iván Duque – Planeta de Libros|first=©|last=PlanetadeLibros|date=|publisher=|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.librerianacional.com/pagina=producto&libro=348200&autor=202399&editorial=3062|title=Librería nacional – compra tus libros en linea desde cualquier lugar|first=Librería|last=Nacional|date=|website=Librería nacional|accessdate=3 December 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.iadb.org/es/noticias/anuncios/2013-10-30/la-economia-naranja-una-oportunidad-infinita,10622.html|title=El BID lanza el libro sobre economía creativa y cultural “La Economía Naranja: una oportunidad infinita” – IADB|author=|date=|website=www.iadb.org|accessdate=3 December 2018}}