| 词条 | Jacques Dubochet |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Jacques Dubochet | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Jacques Dubochet, 2017 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Jacques Dubochet in 2017. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|6|8|df=y}} | birth_place = Aigle, Switzerland | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | pronounce = | residence = | citizenship = Switzerland | nationality = | fields = Structural biology Cryo-electron microscopy | workplaces = European Molecular Biology Laboratory {{Small|(1978-1987)}} University of Lausanne {{Small|(since 1987)}} | patrons = | education = École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne {{small|(BS)}} University of Geneva {{small|(MS)}} University of Geneva {{small|(PhD)}} University of Basel {{small|(PhD)}} | alma_mater = | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Cryo-electron microscopy | influences = | influenced = | awards = Nobel Prize in Chemistry {{small|(2017)}} | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }}Jacques Dubochet (born 8 June 1942)[1] is a retired Swiss biophysicist.[2][3] He is a former researcher at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, and an honorary professor of biophysics at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland.[3][5] In 2017, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution".[4][5] CareerDubochet started to study physics at the École polytechnique de l'Université de Lausanne (now École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) in 1962 and obtained his degree in physical engineering in 1967.[5] He obtained a Certificate of Molecular Biology at University of Geneva in 1969 and then began to study electron microscopy of DNA. In 1973, he completed his thesis in biophysics at University of Geneva and University of Basel.[6] From 1978 to 1987, Jacques Dubochet was group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, then part of West Germany.[5] From 1987 to 2007, he was professor at the University of Lausanne.[5] In 2007, at 65 years old, he retired and became an honorary professor at the University of Lausanne.[7] During his career, Jacques Dubochet developed technologies in cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography and cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections.[13][8][9][10] These technologies are used to image individual biological structures such as protein complexes or virus particles.[3] At Lausanne he took part in initiatives to make scientists more aware of social issues.[11][12] In 2014, Jacques Dubochet received EMBL's Lennart Philipson Award.[13] Describing his career in 2015, Professor Gareth Griffiths, his colleague at EMBL explained: "Jacques had a vision. He found a way of freezing thin films of water so fast that crystals had no time to form [that could damage samples] [...] over time the technique has become increasingly important to life science research, and it is clear today it is Nobel Prize-worthy."[3] {{Gallery|align=center |File:Jacques Dubochet D81 4477 (38005059805).jpg|Jacques Dubochet at the Nobel Prize press conference in Stockholm (December 2017). |File:Martin Vetterli and Jacques Dubochet.jpg|Jacques Dubochet and EPFL President Martin Vetterli at the Scientific and Educational Days 2018. }} Personal lifeJacques Dubochet is married with two children.[6] He has dyslexia.[6] In the 1970s, for the second meeting with his future wife, they went to protest against the Kaiseraugst nuclear power plant construction project.[14] Dubochet is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland, and a member of the municipal parliament of Morges, where he holds a seat on the supervisory committee.[15][16] Bibliography
Notes and references1. ^{{cite web|title=Members' Directory - EMBL|url=https://www.embl.it/aboutus/alumni/alumni-directory/directory/?fq%5B0%5D=Country%3A%22Switzerland%22&fq%5B1%5D=Nationality%3A%22Swiss%22|website=www.embl.it|publisher=European Molecular Biology Laboratory|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 2. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=Jacques |date=February 2016 |title=A Reminiscence about Early Times of Vitreous Water in Electron Cryomicroscopy |journal=Biophysical Journal |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=756–757 |bibcode=2016BpJ...110..756D |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2015.07.049|pmc=4775787 }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Rosemary|last2=Gristwood|first2=Alan|title=Science, society & serendipity|url=https://news.embl.de/alumni/1508-kendrew-philipson/|publisher=European Molecular Biology Laboratory|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Press Release|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2017/press.html|website=www.nobelprize.org|date=4 October 2017|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/04/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html|title=Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded for Cryo-Electron Microscopy|date=October 4, 2017|work=The New York Times|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Prof. Jacques Dubochet - Honorary Professor of biophysics [curriculum vitae]|url=https://www.unil.ch/dee/en/home/menuinst/people/honorary-professors/prof-jacques-dubochet.html|publisher=University of Lausanne|accessdate=4 October 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004182344/https://www.unil.ch/dee/en/home/menuinst/people/honorary-professors/prof-jacques-dubochet.html|archivedate=4 October 2017|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web |url=http://www.unil.ch/central/files/live/sites/central/files/recherche/honorariats/prof_hon_2007.pdf |title=Nouveaux professeurs honoraires 2007 |publisher=University of Lausanne |page=13 |language=fr |trans-title=New Honorary Professors |access-date=4 October 2017}} 8. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=J. |last2=Lepault |first2=J. |last3=Freeman |first3=R. |last4=Berriman |first4=J. A. |last5=Homo |first5=J.-C. |date=December 1982 |title=Electron microscopy of frozen water and aqueous solutions |journal=Journal of Microscopy |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=219–237 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2818.1982.tb04625.x}} 9. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=J. |last2=McDowall |first2=A. W. |date=December 1981 |title=Vitrification of pure water for electron microscopy |journal=Journal of Microscopy |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=3–4 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2818.1981.tb02483.x }} 10. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=Jacques |date=March 2012 |title=Cryo-EM-the first thirty years |journal=Journal of Microscopy |volume=245 |issue=3 |pages=221–224 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03569.x }} 11. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=Jacques |date=January 2008 |title=Citizen biologists. The Lausanne experience |journal=EMBO Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=5–9 |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7401146 |pmc=2246622 }} 12. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dubochet |first=Jacques |date=April 2003 |title=Teaching scientists to be citizens |journal=EMBO Reports |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=330–332 |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.embor810 }} 13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Alumni awards|url=https://www.embl.de/aboutus/alumni/news/news_2014/20141218_alumni_awards/index.html|publisher=EMBL|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 14. ^{{fr}} Muriel Raemy, "J'ai toujours voulu comprendre le monde", Moneta, journal of the Alternative Bank Switzerland, number 2 of year 2018, pages 21-22. 15. ^{{cite news|title=Jacques Dubochet, le savant atypique|url=https://www.letemps.ch/sciences/2017/10/04/jacques-dubochet-savant-atypique|accessdate=4 October 2017|work=Le Temps|date=4 October 2017|language=fr}} 16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.rts.ch/info/sciences-tech/8972887-le-cv-tout-en-humour-du-prix-nobel-vaudois-jacques-dubochet.html |title=Le CV tout en humour du prix Nobel vaudois Jacques Dubochet |date=4 October 2017 |publisher=Radio Télévision Suisse |language=fr |trans-title=The humorous CV of the Waldensian Nobel Prize Jacques Dubochet |access-date=4 October 2017}} External links{{Wikiquote}}
16 : 1942 births|20th-century biologists|20th-century physicists|21st-century biologists|21st-century physicists|École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni|Living people|Nobel laureates in Chemistry|People diagnosed with dyslexia|People from Aigle|Swiss biophysicists|Swiss Nobel laureates|University of Basel alumni|University of Geneva alumni|University of Lausanne faculty|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians |
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