| 词条 | Beiyang |
| 释义 |
The term Beiyang ({{Zh|c=北洋}}; pinyin: Běiyáng; Wade-Giles: Peiyang; meaning 'Northern Ocean') originated toward the end of the Qing dynasty, and it referred to the coastal areas of Zhili (Traditional Chinese:直隸, Simplified Chinese: 直隶, pinyin: Zhílì) (today's Hebei), Liaoning, and Shandong in northeast China. Minister of Beiyang's (北洋通商大臣) position was held by the Viceroy of Zhili. Its main responsibilities were trade relations and occasionally foreign affairs. See also
2 : History of Imperial China|Qing dynasty |
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