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词条 2010 United States Census
释义

  1. Introduction

  2. Major changes

  3. Cost

  4. Technology

  5. Marketing and undercounts

  6. Reapportionment

  7. Controversies

     Clemons v. Department of Commerce 

  8. State rankings

  9. Metropolitan rankings

  10. City rankings

  11. See also

  12. References

  13. External links

{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}{{short description|23rd national census of the United States, taken in 2010}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox census
| name = Twenty-third Census
of the United States
| logo = Seal of the United States Census Bureau.svg
| image = US-Census-2010Logo.svg
| country = United States
| date = {{start date and age|2010|4|1}}
| population = 308,745,538
| percent_change = {{increase}} 9.7%
| region_type = state
| most_populous = {{nowrap|California (37,253,956)}}
| least_populous = {{nowrap|Wyoming (563,826)}}
| previous_census = 2000 United States Census
| previous_year = 2000
| next_census = 2020 United States Census
| next_year = 2020
}}

The 2010 United States Census (commonly referred to as the 2010 Census) is the twenty-third and most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010.[1] The census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with enumerators serving to spot-check randomly selected neighborhoods and communities. As part of a drive to increase the count's accuracy, 635,000 temporary enumerators were hired.[2][3] The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538,[2] a 9.7% increase from the 2000 Census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over half a million, as well as the first in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 200,000.

Introduction

As required by the United States Constitution, the U.S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U.S. Census was the previous census completed. Participation in the U.S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code.[3]

On January 25, 2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, a resident of Noorvik, Alaska.[4] More than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U.S. Post Office beginning March 15, 2010.[5] The number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1, 2010.[6] Although the questionnaire used April 1, 2010 as the reference date as to where a person was living, an insert dated March 15, 2010 included the following printed in bold type: "Please complete and mail back the enclosed census form today."

The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%.[7] From April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called "non-response follow-up" (NRFU).

In December 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau delivered population information to the U.S. President for apportionment, and later in March 2011, complete redistricting data was delivered to states.[1]

Personally identifiable information will be available in 2082.[8]

Major changes

The Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 Census.[9] In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, which asked for detailed social and economic information. The 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions:[9]

  1. How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1, 2010?
  2. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2010 that you did not include in Question 1? Mark all that apply: (checkboxes for: children; relatives; non-relatives; people staying temporarily; none)
  3. Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – [Checkboxes for owned with a mortgage, owned free and clear, rented, occupied without rent.]
  4. What is your telephone number?
  5. What is Person 1's name? (last, first)
  6. What is Person 1's sex? (male, female)
  7. What is Person 1's age and Person 1's date of birth?
  8. Is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin? (checkboxes for: "No", and several for "Yes" which specify groups of countries)
  9. What is Person 1's race? (checkboxes for 14 including "other". One possibility was "Black, African Am., or Negro")
  10. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else? (checkboxes for "No", and several locations for "Yes")

The form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total.

In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, nor was the form available for download.[9][15]

Detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey.[10] The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a rotating basis will receive the survey each year, and no household will receive it more than once every five years.[11]

In June 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples. However, the final form did not contain a separate "same-sex married couple" option. When noting the relationship between household members, same-sex couples who are married could mark their spouses as being "Husband or wife", the same response given by opposite-sex married couples. An "unmarried partner" option was available for couples (whether same-sex or opposite-sex) who were not married.[12]

Cost

The 2010 census cost $13 billion, approximately $42 per capita; by comparison, the 2010 census per-capita cost for China was about US$1 and for India was US$0.40.[13] Operational costs were $5.4 billion, significantly under the $7 billion budget.[20] In December 2010 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) noted that the cost of conducting the census has approximately doubled each decade since 1970.[13] In a detailed 2004 report to Congress, the GAO called on the Census Bureau to address cost and design issues, and at that time, had estimated the 2010 Census cost to be $11 billion.[14]

In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke announced that the census operational costs came in significantly under budget; of an almost $7 billion operational budget:[15]

  • $650 million was saved in the budget for the door-to-door questioning (NRFU) phase because 72% of households returned mailed questionnaires;
  • $150 million was saved because of lower-than-planned costs in areas including Alaska and tribal lands; and
  • the $800 million emergency fund was not needed.

Locke credited the management practices of Census Bureau director Robert Groves, citing in particular the decision to buy additional advertising in locations where responses lagged, which improved the overall response rate. The agency also has begun to rely more on questioning neighbors or other reliable third parties when a person could not be immediately reached at home, which reduced the cost of follow-up visits. Census data for about 22% of U.S. households that did not reply by mail were based on such outside interviews, Groves said.[15]

Technology

In 2005, Lockheed Martin won a six-year, $500 million contract to capture and standardize data for the census. The contract included systems, facilities, and staffing.[16] The final value of that contract was in excess of one billion dollars.[17] Information technology was about a quarter of the projected $11.3 billion cost of the decennial census.[18] The use of high-speed document scanning technology, such as ImageTrac scanners developed by IBML, helped Lockheed Martin complete the project on schedule and under budget.[19]

This was the first census to use hand-held computing devices with GPS capability, although they were only used for the address canvassing operation. Enumerators (information gatherers) that had operational problems with the device understandably made negative reports. During the 2009 Senate confirmation hearings for Robert Groves, President Obama's Census Director appointee, there was much mention of contracting problems but very little criticism of the units themselves.[20] In rural areas there was a problem with transmission of data to and from the HHC. Since the units were updated nightly with important changes and reprogramming, operator implementation of proper procedure was imperative. Dramatic dysfunction and delays were caused if the units were not put into sleep mode overnight. The Census Bureau chose to conduct the primary operation, Non-Response Follow Up (NRFU), without using the handheld computing devices.[21][22]

Marketing and undercounts

Due to allegations surrounding previous censuses that poor people and non-whites are routinely undercounted, for the 2010 census, the Census Bureau tried to avoid that bias by enlisting tens of thousands of intermediaries, such as churches, charities and firms, to explain to people the importance of being counted.[6]

In April 2009, the Census Bureau announced that it intended to work with community organizations in an effort to count all illegal immigrants in the United States for the census.[23]

The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) was given a contract to help publicize the importance of the census count and to encourage individuals to fill out their forms. In September 2009, after controversial undercover videos showing four ACORN staffers giving tax advice to a man and a woman posing as a prostitute, the Bureau canceled ACORN's contract.[24] Various American celebrities, including Demi Lovato and Eva Longoria,[25] were used in public service announcements targeting younger people to fill out census forms. Wilmer Valderrama and Rosario Dawson have helped spread census awareness among young Hispanics, a historically low participating ethnicity in the U.S. Census.[26] Rapper Ludacris also participated in efforts to spread awareness of the 2010 Census.[27]

The Census Bureau hired about 635,000 people to find those U.S. residents who had not returned their forms by mail; as of May 28, 2010, 113 census workers had been victims of crime while conducting the census.[28]{{Update after|2014|8|16}} As of June 29, there were 436 incidents involving assaults or threats against enumerators, more than double the 181 incidents in 2000; one enumerator, attempting to hand-deliver the census forms to a Hawaii County police officer, was arrested for trespassing – the officer's fellow policemen made the arrest.[29]

Some political conservatives and libertarians questioned the validity of the questions and even encouraged people to refuse to answer questions for privacy and constitutional reasons.[40] Michele Bachmann, a conservative Republican Representative from Minnesota, stated that she would not fill out her census form other than to indicate the number of people living in her household because "the Constitution doesn't require any information beyond that."[30] Former Republican Representative and Libertarian presidential candidate Bob Barr stated that the census has become too intrusive, going beyond the mere enumeration (i.e., count) intended by the framers of the U.S. Constitution.[31] According to political commentator Juan Williams, "Census participation rates have been declining since 1970, and if conservatives don't participate, doubts about its accuracy and credibility may become fatal."[40]

As a result, the Census Bureau undertook an unprecedented advertising campaign targeted at encouraging white political conservatives to fill out their forms, in the hope of avoiding an undercount of this group. The 2010 U.S. Census was the primary sponsor at NASCAR races in Atlanta, Bristol, and Martinsville, and sponsored the No. 16 Ford Fusion driven by Greg Biffle for part of the season, because of a marketing survey that indicated most NASCAR fans lean politically conservative.[32] It also ran an advertisement during the 2010 Super Bowl, and hired singer Marie Osmond, who is thought to have many conservative fans, to publicize the census.[32]

Reapportionment

The results of the 2010 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 2012 elections. Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 2012 presidential election.

Because of population changes, eighteen states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and ten states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 12 seats being switched.[33]

Gained four seatsGained two seatsGained one seatLost one seatLost two seats
TexasFloridaArizona
Georgia
Nevada
South Carolina
Utah
Washington		Illinois
Iowa
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Michigan
Missouri
New Jersey
Pennsylvania		New York
Ohio

[https://www.census.gov/population/apportionment/files/2010map.gif Map] of [https://www.census.gov/population/apportionment/data/2010_apportionment_results.html 2010 Reapportionment]

{{clr}}

Controversies

Some objected to the counting of persons who are in the United States illegally.[34][35] Republican senators David Vitter and Bob Bennett tried unsuccessfully to add questions on immigration status to the census form.[6]

Organizations such as the Prison Policy Initiative argued that the census counts of incarcerated men and women as residents of prisons, rather than of their pre-incarceration addresses, skewed political clout and resulted in misleading demographic and population data.[36]

The term "Negro" was used in the questionnaire as one of the options for African Americans (Question 9. What is Person (number)'s race? ... Black, African Am., or Negro) as a choice to describe one's race. Census Bureau spokesman Jack Martin explained that "many older African-Americans identified themselves that way, and many still do. Those who identify themselves as Negroes need to be included."[37][38] The word was also used in the 2000 Census, with over 56,000 people identifying themselves as "Negro".[39]

The 2010 census contained ten questions about age, gender, ethnicity, home ownership, and household relationships. Six of the ten questions were to be answered for each individual in the household. Federal law has provisions for fining those who refuse to complete the census form.[40]

Detroit Mayor Dave Bing held a press conference on March 22, 2011 to announce that the city would challenge its census results.[41] The challenge, being led by the city's planning department, cited an inconsistency as an example showing a downtown census tract which lost only 60 housing units, but 1,400 people, implying that a downtown jail or dormitory was missed in canvassing.[42]

NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a conference on March 27, 2011, to announce that the city would also challenge his city's census results, specifically the apparent undercounting in the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn.[43] Bloomberg said that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn, the two most populous boroughs, are implausible.[44] According to the Census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. He also stated that the census showed improbably high numbers of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Queens.

The District of Columbia announced in August 2011 that it would also challenge its census results. The Mayor's Office claimed that the detailed information provided for 549 census blocks is "nonsensical", listing examples of census data that show housing units located in the middle of a street that does not actually exist. However, officials do not believe the city's total population will drastically change as a result of the challenge.[45]

Clemons v. Department of Commerce

{{main article|Clemons v. Department of Commerce}}

A 2009 lawsuit, Clemons v. Department of Commerce (see also controversy and history of United States congressional apportionment), sought a court order for Congress to reapportion the House of Representatives with a greater number of members following the census, to rectify under- and over-representation of some states under the so-called 435 rule established by the Apportionment Act of 1911, which limits the number of U.S. Representatives to that number, meaning that some states are slightly underrepresented proportionate to their true population and that others are slightly overrepresented by the same standard.{{Clarify|date=December 2010}} Had this occurred, it would have also affected Electoral College apportionment for the 2012–2020 presidential elections.[46] After the court order was not granted, the plaintiffs appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court, and on December 13, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated and remanded with instructions to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction.[47]

State rankings

{{see also|List of U.S. states and territories by population}}

The state with the highest percentage rate of growth was Nevada, while the state with the largest population increase was Texas.[48] Michigan, the 8th largest by population, was the only state to lose population (although Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, lost population as well), and the District of Columbia saw its first gain since the 1950s.[49] Note that the resident populations listed below do not include people living overseas. For Congressional apportionment, the sum of a state's resident population and its population of military personnel and federal contractors living overseas (but not other citizens overseas, such as missionaries or expatriate workers) is used.[50]

Population and population change in the United States by state
Rank State Population as of
2000 Census		 Population as of
2010 Census[51]		ChangePercent
change
1{{flagg|unc|California}} 33,871,648 37,253,956 3,382,308 {{increase}} 10.0% {{increase}}
2{{flagg|unc|Texas}} 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 {{increase}} 20.6% {{increase}}
3{{flagg|unc|New York}} 18,976,457 19,378,102 401,645 {{increase}} 2.1% {{increase}}
4{{flagg|unc|Florida}} 15,982,378 18,801,310 2,818,932 {{increase}} 17.6% {{increase}}
5{{flagg|unc|Illinois}} 12,419,293 12,830,632 411,339 {{increase}} 3.3% {{increase}}
6{{flagg|unc|Pennsylvania}} 12,281,054 12,702,379 421,325 {{increase}} 3.4% {{increase}}
7{{flagg|unc|Ohio}} 11,353,140 11,536,504 183,364 {{increase}} 1.6% {{increase}}
8{{flagg|unc|Michigan}} 9,938,444 9,883,640 −54,804 {{decrease}} −0.6% {{decrease}}
9{{flagg|unc|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} 8,186,453 9,687,653 1,501,200 {{increase}} 18.3% {{increase}}
10{{flagg|unc|North Carolina}} 8,049,313 9,535,483 1,486,170 {{increase}} 18.5% {{increase}}
11{{flagg|unc|New Jersey}} 8,414,350 8,791,894 377,544 {{increase}} 4.5% {{increase}}
12{{flagg|unc|Virginia}} 7,078,515 8,001,024 922,509 {{increase}} 13.0% {{increase}}
13{{flagg|unc|Washington}} 5,894,121 6,724,540 830,419 {{increase}} 14.1% {{increase}}
14{{flagg|unc|Massachusetts}} 6,349,097 6,547,629 198,532 {{increase}} 3.1% {{increase}}
15{{flagg|unc|Indiana}} 6,080,485 6,483,802 403,317 {{increase}} 6.6% {{increase}}
16{{flagg|unc|Arizona}} 5,130,632 6,392,017 1,261,385 {{increase}} 24.6% {{increase}}
17{{flagg|unc|Tennessee}} 5,689,283 6,346,105 656,822 {{increase}} 11.5% {{increase}}
18{{flagg|unc|Missouri}} 5,595,211 5,988,927 393,716 {{increase}} 7.0% {{increase}}
19{{flagg|unc|Maryland}} 5,296,486 5,773,552 477,066 {{increase}} 9.0% {{increase}}
20{{flagg|unc|Wisconsin}} 5,363,675 5,686,986 323,311 {{increase}} 6.0% {{increase}}
21{{flagg|unc|Minnesota}} 4,919,479 5,303,925 384,446 {{increase}} 7.8% {{increase}}
22{{flagg|unc|Colorado}} 4,301,261 5,029,196 727,935 {{increase}} 16.9% {{increase}}
23{{flagg|unc|Alabama}} 4,447,100 4,779,736 332,636 {{increase}} 7.5% {{increase}}
24{{flagg|unc|South Carolina}} 4,012,012 4,625,364 613,352 {{increase}} 15.3% {{increase}}
25{{flagg|unc|Louisiana}} 4,468,976 4,533,372 64,396 {{increase}} 1.4% {{increase}}
26{{flagg|unc|Kentucky}} 4,041,769 4,339,367 297,598 {{increase}} 7.4% {{increase}}
27{{flagg|unc|Oregon}} 3,421,399 3,831,074 409,675 {{increase}} 12.0% {{increase}}
28{{flagg|unc|Oklahoma}} 3,450,654 3,751,351 300,697 {{increase}} 8.7% {{increase}}
29{{flagg|unc|Connecticut}} 3,405,565 3,574,097 168,532 {{increase}} 4.9% {{increase}}
30{{flagg|unc|Iowa}} 2,926,324 3,046,355 120,031 {{increase}} 4.1% {{increase}}
31{{flagg|unc|Mississippi}} 2,844,658 2,967,297 122,639 {{increase}} 4.3% {{increase}}
32{{flagg|unc|Arkansas}} 2,673,400 2,915,918 242,518 {{increase}} 9.1% {{increase}}
33{{flagg|unc|Kansas}} 2,688,418 2,853,118 164,700 {{increase}} 6.1% {{increase}}
34{{flagg|unc|Utah|1913}} 2,233,169 2,763,885 530,716 {{increase}} 23.8% {{increase}}
35{{flagg|unc|Nevada}} 1,998,257 2,700,551 702,294 {{increase}} 35.1% {{increase}}
36{{flagg|unc|New Mexico}} 1,819,046 2,059,179 240,133 {{increase}} 13.2% {{increase}}
37{{flagg|unc|West Virginia}} 1,808,344 1,852,994 44,650 {{increase}} 2.5% {{increase}}
38{{flagg|unc|Nebraska}} 1,711,263 1,826,341 115,078 {{increase}} 6.7% {{increase}}
39{{flagg|unc|Idaho}} 1,293,953 1,567,582 273,629 {{increase}} 21.1% {{increase}}
40{{flagg|unc|Hawaii}} 1,211,537 1,360,301 148,764 {{increase}} 12.3% {{increase}}
41{{flagg|unc|Maine}} 1,274,923 1,328,361 53,438 {{increase}} 4.2% {{increase}}
42{{flagg|unc|New Hampshire}} 1,235,786 1,316,470 80,684 {{increase}} 6.5% {{increase}}
43{{flagg|unc|Rhode Island}} 1,048,319 1,052,567 4,248 {{increase}} 0.4% {{increase}}
44{{flagg|unc|Montana}} 902,195 989,415 87,220 {{increase}} 9.7% {{increase}}
45{{flagg|unc|Delaware}} 783,600 897,934 114,334 {{increase}} 14.6% {{increase}}
46{{flagg|unc|South Dakota}} 754,844 814,180 59,336 {{increase}} 7.9% {{increase}}
47{{flagg|unc|Alaska}} 626,932 710,231 83,299 {{increase}} 13.3% {{increase}}
48{{flagg|unc|North Dakota}} 642,200 672,591 30,391 {{increase}} 4.7% {{increase}}
49{{flagg|unc|Vermont}} 608,827 625,741 16,914 {{increase}} 2.8% {{increase}}
50|—}}{{flagg|unc|District of Columbia}} 572,059 601,723 29,664 {{increase}} 5.2% {{increase}}
51|50}}{{flagg|unc|Wyoming}} 493,782 563,626 69,844 {{increase}} 14.1% {{increase}}
 {{flagg|unc|United States}} 281,421,906 308,745,538 27,323,632 {{increase}} 9.7% {{increase}}

Metropolitan rankings

{{see also|List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas}}

These are core metropolitan rankings versus combined statistical areas. For full list with current data, go to Metropolitan Statistics.

The top 25 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of the United States of America

RankMetropolitan Statistical Area2010 CensusEncompassing Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|1}}New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area19,567,410New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|2}}Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area12,828,837Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|3}}Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area9,461,105Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|4}}Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area6,426,214Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|5}}Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area5,965,343Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|6}}Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area5,920,416Houston-The Woodlands, TX Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|7}}Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area5,636,232Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|8}}Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area5,564,635Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|9}}Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area5,286,728Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|10}}Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area4,552,402Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|11}}San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area4,335,391San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|12}}Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area4,296,250Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|13}}Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area4,224,851Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|14}}Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area4,192,887
{{nts|15}}Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area3,439,809Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|16}}Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area3,348,859Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|17}}San Diego-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area3,095,313
{{nts|18}}St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area2,787,701St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|19}}Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area2,783,243
{{nts|20}}Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area2,710,489Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|21}}Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area2,543,482Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|22}}Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area2,356,285Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|23}}Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area2,226,009Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|24}}Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area2,217,012Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined Statistical Area
{{nts|25}}San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area2,142,508

City rankings

{{see also|List of United States cities by population}}
Rank City State Population Land Area
(square miles)		 Population Density
(per square mile)		 Region
1 New York New York8175133}}302.6}}27016.3}} Northeast
2 Los Angeles California3792621}}468.7}}8091.8}} West
3 Chicago Illinois2695598}}227.6}}11843.6}} Midwest
4 Houston Texas2099451}}599.6}}3501.4}} South
5 Philadelphia Pennsylvania1526006}}134.1}}11379.6}} Northeast
6 Phoenix Arizona1445632}}516.7}}2797.8}} West
7 San Antonio Texas1327407}}460.9}}2880.0}} South
8 San Diego California1307402}}325.2}}4020.3}} West
9 Dallas Texas1197816}}340.5}}3517.8}} South
10 San Jose California945942}}176.5}}5359.4}} West
11 Jacksonville Florida821784}}747.0}}1100.1}} South
12 Indianapolis Indiana820445}}361.4}}2270.2}} Midwest
13 San Francisco California805235}}46.9}}17169.2}} West
14 Austin Texas790390}}297.9}}2653.2}} South
15 Columbus Ohio787033}}217.2}}3623.5}} Midwest
16 Fort Worth Texas741206}}339.8}}2181.3}} South
17 Louisville Kentucky741,096}}385.09}}1866.3}} South
18 Charlotte North Carolina731424}}297.7}}2456.9}} South
19 Detroit Michigan713777}}138.8}}5142.5}} Midwest
20 El Paso Texas649121}}255.2}}2543.6}} South
21 Memphis Tennessee646889}}315.1}}2053.0}} South
22 Baltimore Maryland620961}}80.9}}7675.7}} South
23 Boston Massachusetts617594}}48.3}}12786.6}} Northeast
24 Seattle Washington608660}}83.9}}7254.6}} West
25 Washington District of Columbia601723}}61.0}}9864.3}} South
26 Nashville Tennessee601222}}475.1}}1265.5}} South
27 Denver Colorado600158}}153.0}}3922.6}} West
28 Milwaukee Wisconsin594833}}96.1}}6189.7}} Midwest
29 Portland Oregon583776}}134.3}}4346.8}} West
30 Las Vegas Nevada583756}}135.8}}4298.6}} West
31 Oklahoma City Oklahoma579999}}606.4}}956.5}} South
32 Albuquerque New Mexico545852}}187.7}}2908.1}} West
33 Tucson Arizona520116}}226.7}}2294.3}} West
34 Fresno California494665}}112.0}}4416.7}} West
35 Sacramento California466488}}97.9}}4764.9}} West
36 Long Beach California462257}}50.3}}9190.0}} West
37 Kansas City Missouri459787}}315.0}}1459.6}} Midwest
38 Mesa Arizona439041}}136.5}}3216.4}} West
39 Virginia Beach Virginia437994}}249.0}}1759.0}} South
40 Atlanta Georgia420003}}133.2}}3153.2}} South
41 Colorado Springs Colorado416427}}194.5}}2141.0}} West
42 Omaha Nebraska408958}}127.1}}3217.6}} Midwest
43 Raleigh North Carolina403892}}142.9}}2826.4}} South
44 Miami Florida399457}}35.9}}11126.9}} South
45 Cleveland Ohio396815}}77.7}}5107.0}} Midwest
46 San Juan Puerto Rico395326}}47.9}}8253.1}}
47 Tulsa Oklahoma391906}}196.8}}1991.4}} South
48 Oakland California390724}}55.8}}7002.2}} West
49 Minneapolis Minnesota382578}}54.0}}7084.8}} Midwest
50 Wichita Kansas382368}}159.3}}2400.3}} Midwest
51 Arlington Texas365438}}95.9}}3810.6}} South
52 Bakersfield California347483}}142.2}}2443.6}} West
53 New Orleans Louisiana343829}}169.4}}2029.7}} South
54 Honolulu Hawaii337256}}60.5}}5574.5}} West
55 Anaheim California336265}}49.8}}6752.3}} West
56 Tampa Florida335709}}113.4}}2960.4}} South
57 Aurora Colorado325078}}154.7}}2101.3}} West
58 Santa Ana California324528}}27.3}}11887.5}} West
59 Saint Louis Missouri319294}}61.9}}5158.2}} Midwest
60 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania305704}}55.4}}5518.1}} Northeast
61 Corpus Christi Texas305215}}160.6}}1900.5}} South
62 Riverside California303871}}81.1}}3746.9}} West
63 Cincinnati Ohio296943}}77.9}}3811.8}} Midwest
64 Lexington Kentucky295803}}283.6}}1043.0}} South
65 Anchorage Alaska291826}}1704.7}}171.2}} West
66 Stockton California291707}}61.7}}4727.8}} West
67 Toledo Ohio287208}}80.7}}3559.0}} Midwest
68 Saint Paul Minnesota285068}}52.0}}5482.1}} Midwest
69 Newark New Jersey277140}}24.2}}11452.1}} Northeast
70 Greensboro North Carolina269666}}126.5}}2131.7}} South
71 Buffalo New York261310}}40.4}}6468.1}} Northeast
72 Plano Texas259841}}71.6}}3629.1}} South
73 Lincoln Nebraska258379}}89.1}}2899.9}} Midwest
74 Henderson Nevada257729}}107.7}}2393.0}} West
75 Fort Wayne Indiana253691}}110.6}}2293.8}} Midwest
76 Jersey City New Jersey247597}}14.8}}16729.5}} Northeast
77 Saint Petersburg Florida244769}}61.7}}3967.1}} South
78 Chula Vista California243916}}49.6}}4917.7}} West
79 Norfolk Virginia242803}}54.1}}4488.0}} South
80 Orlando Florida238300}}102.4}}2327.1}} South
81 Chandler Arizona236123}}64.4}}3666.5}} West
82 Laredo Texas236091}}88.9}}2655.7}} South
83 Madison Wisconsin233209}}76.8}}3036.6}} Midwest
84 Winston-Salem North Carolina229617}}132.4}}1734.3}} South
85 Lubbock Texas229573}}122.4}}1875.6}} South
86 Baton Rouge Louisiana229493}}76.9}}2984.3}} South
87 Durham North Carolina228330}}107.4}}2126.0}} South
88 Garland Texas226876}}57.1}}3973.3}} South
89 Glendale Arizona226721}}60.0}}3778.7}} West
90 Reno Nevada225221}}103.0}}2186.6}} West
91 Hialeah Florida224669}}21.5}}10449.7}} South
92 Chesapeake Virginia222209}}340.8}}652.0}} South
93 Scottsdale Arizona217385}}183.9}}1182.1}} West
94 North Las Vegas Nevada216961}}101.3}}2141.8}} West
95 Irving Texas216290}}67.0}}3228.2}} South
96 Fremont California214089}}77.5}}2762.4}} West
97 Irvine California212375}}66.1}}3212.9}} West
98 Birmingham Alabama212237}}146.1}}1452.7}} South
99 Rochester New York210565}}35.8}}5881.7}} Northeast
100 San Bernardino California209924}}59.2}}3546.0}} West

See also

  • 2010 in the United States
  • United States census

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Interactive Timeline|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/about/timeline-text.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220032051/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/about/timeline-text.php|dead-url=yes|archive-date=December 20, 2010|work=About the 2010 Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=June 17, 2010|year=2011}}
2. ^{{cite press release|title=U.S. Census Bureau Announces 2010 Census Population Counts – Apportionment Counts Delivered to President|url=http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=December 21, 2010|accessdate=January 9, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224044247/http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html|archivedate=December 24, 2010|deadurl=yes|df=mdy}}
3. ^{{cite web|last1=Selby|first1=W. Gardner|title=Americans must answer U.S. Census Bureau survey by law, though agency has not prosecuted since 1970|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jan/09/us-census-bureau/americans-must-answer-us-census-bureau-survey-law-/|website=politifact.com|accessdate=January 6, 2017|format=January 9, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2010/01/25/remote-alaska-village-is-first-eyed-in-census/|title=Remote Alaska village is first eyed in census|first=Rachel|last=D'oro |agency=Associated Press|location=Noorvik, Alaska| accessdate=January 6, 2017 |date=January 25, 2010|work=The Denver Post}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=2010 Census forms arrive, kicking off once-a-decade head count|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/03/2010_cenus_forms_arrive_kickin.html|website=NJ.com|accessdate=January 6, 2017|date=March 15, 2010}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Stand up and be counted|url=http://www.economist.com/node/15819188|website=The Economist|accessdate=January 6, 2017|date=March 31, 2010}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/take10map/ |title=Take 10 Map 2010 Census Participation Census Bureau |accessdate=August 10, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820144620/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/take10map/ |archivedate=August 20, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }}
8. ^{{Cite web|title = The "72-Year Rule" - History - U.S. Census Bureau|url = https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/decennial_census_records/the_72_year_rule_1.html|website = www.census.gov|accessdate = October 26, 2015|first = US Census Bureau, Census History Staff|last = PIO}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/partners/pdf/2010_TQA_Agent_FAQs_english.pdf |title=Frequently Asked Questions |work=2010 Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |date=May 10, 2010 |accessdate=June 17, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714082232/http://2010.census.gov/partners/pdf/2010_TQA_Agent_FAQs_english.pdf |archivedate=July 14, 2011 |df= }}
10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.itif.org/files/eCensusUnplugged.pdf|title=e-Census Unplugged: Why Americans Should Be Able to Complete the Census Online|first=Daniel|last=Castro |publisher=Information Technology & Innovation Foundation|location=Washington, D.C.| accessdate=March 29, 2010 |date=February 2008}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Chapter 4: Sample Design and Selection|url=https://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/survey_methodology/Chapter_4_RevisedDec2010.pdf|work=ACS Design and Methodology|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=June 17, 2011|date=December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020045514/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/survey_methodology/Chapter_4_RevisedDec2010.pdf|archive-date=October 20, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/partners/pdf/factSheet_General_LGBT.pdf|title=LGBT Fact Sheet|website=2010.census.gov|accessdate=October 12, 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528144411/http://2010.census.gov/partners/pdf/factSheet_General_LGBT.pdf|archivedate=May 28, 2010|df=mdy-all}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/18772674?story_id=18772674&CFID=165420949&CFTOKEN=32425086 |title=Censuses: Costing the count |date=June 2, 2011 |work=The Economist |accessdate=June 17, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610033208/http://www.economist.com/node/18772674?story_id=18772674 |archivedate=June 10, 2011 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-04-37 |title=2010 Census: Cost and Design Issues Need to Be Addressed Soon (GAO-04-37) |date=January 15, 2004 |format=PDF |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=54778614 |accessdate=December 27, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107165327/http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-04-37 |archivedate=January 7, 2010 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
15. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Census Bureau comes in under budget for 2010 operational costs|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/08/10/census.under.budget/|publisher=CNN|date=August 10, 2010|accessdate=August 10, 2010}}
16. ^{{Cite news|title = Lockheed Gets Census Job|url = harps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/02/AR2005100201032.html|newspaper = The Washington Post|date = October 3, 2005|access-date = September 28, 2015|issn = 0190-8286|first = Mary|last = Mosquera}}
17. ^{{Cite report|title = 2010 CENSUS PLANNING MEMORANDA SERIES No 195|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/pdf/2010_Census_DRIS_Paper_Questionnaire_Data_Capture_Assessment.pdf |date = May 22, 2012|access-date = February 10, 2016}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://fcw.com/articles/2005/06/13/preparing-for-a-decennial-task.aspx|title=Preparing for a decennial task|first=Aliya|last=Sternstein|date=June 13, 2005|work=Federal Computer Week|publisher=1105 Media|location=Falls Church, Virginia|accessdate=December 27, 2009}}
19. ^"IBML Scanning Platform Helps Lockheed Martin Team Complete 2010 Census Project On Schedule, Under Budget". Health IT Outcomes. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.fcw.com/Articles/2008/03/28/Have-feds-cheapened-contract-bonuses.aspx | title=Have feds cheapened contract bonuses? | publisher=FCW | date=March 28, 2008 | accessdate=August 9, 2013 | author=Chan, Wade-Hahn}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.harris.com/view_pressrelease.asp?act=lookup&pr_id=1818|title=Press Releases|website=Harris.com|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://ask.census.gov/cgi-bin/askcensus.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=8517&p_sid=eTlggqZj&p_created=1250512381&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPSZwX3NvcnRfYnk9JnBfZ3JpZHNvcnQ9JnBfcm93X2NudD0mcF9wcm9kcz0mcF9jYXRzPSZwX3B2PSZwX2N2PSZwX3BhZ2U9MQ!!&p_search_text=Hand%20held%20computers|title=U.S. Census Bureau – Use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS)|website=Ask.census.gov|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
23. ^{{cite news|last=Ballasy|first=Nicholas|title=Census Bureau: We'll Work with 'Community Organizations' to Count All Illegal Aliens in 2010|publisher=Cybercast News Service|date=April 2, 2009|url= http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/46021|accessdate =June 17, 2011}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125271412822705239|title=Census Bureau Cuts Its Ties With Acorn|last=Sherman|first=Jake|date=September 12, 2009|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=June 17, 2011}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.looktothestars.org/news/4051-demi-lovato-and-eva-longoria-urge-census-participation|title=Demi Lovato And Eva Longoria Urge Census Participation|date=March 19, 2010|website=Looktothestars.org|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.icelebz.com/gossips/rosario_dawson_wilmer_valderrama_encourage_latinos_to_complete_2010_census_in_new_psa_s/|title=Rosario Dawson, Wilmer Valderrama Encourage Latinos To Complete 2010 Census In New PSA's|website=www.icelebz.com|access-date=April 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221065454/http://www.icelebz.com/gossips/rosario_dawson_wilmer_valderrama_encourage_latinos_to_complete_2010_census_in_new_psa_s/|archive-date=February 21, 2010|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.killerhiphop.com/ludacris-2010-census-campaign-new-york/|title=Ludacris 2010 Census Campaign In New York|website=Killerhiphop.com|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
28. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerdc/article_272632041.shtml |title=US Census Takers Attacked on the Job |work=National Ledger |date=May 28, 2010 |accessdate=May 30, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531064523/http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerdc/article_272632041.shtml |archivedate=May 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
29. ^1 {{cite news|title=Census worker taken to court for trespassing|url=https://nypost.com/2010/07/05/census-worker-taken-to-court-for-trespassing/|agency=Associated Press|date=July 5, 2010|accessdate=January 6, 2017|quote=The resident continued to refuse to take the Census, and [census worker Russell] Haas said he waited outside a chain-link fence while the resident called his co-workers at the Hawai‘i County Police Department. When police arrived, instead of asking the resident to accept the forms as required by federal law, the officers crumpled the papers into Haas' chest and handcuffed him, Haas said....Haas said he told officers that it was his duty to leave the Census forms with the resident, and that he would leave as soon as he did it. The officers were enforcing state law and had not been trained on the federal Census law, Hawaii County Police Maj. Sam Thomas said.|work=New York Post}}
30. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-5095844-503544.html|title=Rep. Bachmann Refuses To Fill Out 2010 Census|last=Swami|first=Perana|date=June 18, 2009|work=Political Hotsheet|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=April 15, 2010}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.ajc.com/bob-barr-blog/2009/09/08/census-goes-too-far-with-children/|title=Census goes too far with children|publisher=Atlanta Journal Constitution|accessdate=September 8, 2009}}
32. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/28/AR2010022803364.html|title=Marketing the 2010 census with a conservative-friendly face|first=Juan|last=Williams|date=March 1, 2010|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdate=March 25, 2011}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://2010.census.gov/news/pdf/apport2010_table1.pdf |title=APPORTIONMENT POPULATION AND NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES, BY STATE: 2010 CENSUS |work=US Census |date=December 21, 2010 |accessdate=December 21, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124054026/http://2010.census.gov/news/pdf/apport2010_table1.pdf |archivedate=January 24, 2011 |df= }}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Our Unconstitutional Census|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204908604574332950796281832|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=August 9, 2009|first1=John S.|last1=Baker|first2=Elliott|last2=Stonecipher|date=August 9, 2009}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Census 2010: Latino Pastors Urge Census Boycott|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-eye/2009/04/census_2010_latino_pastors_urg.html|work=Washington Post|accessdate=April 22, 2009}}
36. ^{{cite journal|format=PDF|url=http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=plr|title=Prisoners of the Census: Electoral and Financial Consequences of Counting Prisoners Where They Go, Not Where They Come From|first1=Eric|last1=Lotke|first2=Peter|last2=Wagner|work=Pace Law Review|volume=24|issue=2|date=Spring 2004|pages=587–607|publisher=Pace Law School|location=White Plains, New York|issn=0272-2410}} Originally presented at Prison Reform Revisited: a symposium held at Pace University School of Law and the New York State Judicial Institute, Oct. 16–18, 2003. Research supported by grants from the Soros Justice Fellowship Program of the Open Society Institute. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/how/interactive-form.php |title=U.S. Census Bureau interactive form, Question 9 |accessdate=January 8, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108084300/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/how/interactive-form.php |archivedate=January 8, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2010/01/06/2010-01-06_census_negro_issue_use_of_word_on_forms_raises_hackles_memories_of_jim_crow.html |title=Use of word Negro on 2010 census forms raises memories of Jim Crow |author1=McFadden, Katie |author2=McShane, Larry |publisher=NYDailyNews.com |date=January 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 8, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109012939/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2010/01/06/2010-01-06_census_negro_issue_use_of_word_on_forms_raises_hackles_memories_of_jim_crow.html |archivedate=January 9, 2010 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1955923,00.html |title=Should the Census Be Asking People if They Are Negro? |work=Time |date=January 23, 2010 |accessdate=February 7, 2010 |first=Barbara |last=Kiviat |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126090118/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0%2C8599%2C1955923%2C00.html |archivedate=January 26, 2010 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}
40. ^[https://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/frequently-asked-questions-national-census Frequently Asked Questions on the National Census] from the ACLU website
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://michigan.drupal.publicbroadcasting.net/post/bing-plans-challenge-detroit-census-numbers|title=Bing plans to challenge Detroit census numbers|author=Cwiek, Sarah|publisher=MichiganRadio.com|date=March 22, 2011|accessdate=June 15, 2011}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://michigan.drupal.publicbroadcasting.net/post/detroit-census-challenge|title=Detroit census challenge|author=Davidson, Kate|publisher=MichiganRadio.com|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=June 15, 2011}}
43. ^NYC To File Formal Challenge to 2010 Census under Count Question Resolution Process {{cite web|url=http://www.mikebloomberg.com/index.cfm?objectid=F93690A8-C29C-7CA2-F22FCD1FB0842DD4 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 31, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330064242/http://www.mikebloomberg.com/index.cfm?objectid=F93690A8-C29C-7CA2-F22FCD1FB0842DD4 |archivedate=March 30, 2011 |df= }}
44. ^On the 2010 Census Results {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528071135/http://www.mikebloomberg.com/index.cfm?objectid=E98B9E79-C29C-7CA2-FE04261B98D69D26 |date=May 28, 2011 }}
45. ^{{cite news|last=DeBonis|first=Mike|title=District challenges its 2010 Census count|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/district-challenges-its-2010-census-count/2011/08/10/gIQAdmfP7I_story.html|accessdate=August 14, 2011|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 10, 2011}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://apportionment.us/case.html|title=Apportionment.US - The Case|website=Apportionment.us|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/121310zor.pdf|title=Supreme Court orders for December 13, 2010|website=Supremecourt.gov|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-21/texas-hispanics-set-to-challenge-status-quo-in-reapportionment.html|title=Texas Adds Four Congressional Seats as State's Hispanic Population Grows|website=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=October 12, 2017}} {{subscription required|date=October 2017}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/default.htm|title=USA Today 2010 Census|website=Usatoday.com|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf|format=PDF|title=Congressional Apportionment|website=Census.gov|accessdate=October 12, 2017}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=Resident Population Data: Population Change |date=December 23, 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=December 23, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225031104/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archivedate=December 25, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}

External links

{{Commons category|2010 United States Census}}
  • [https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html 2010 Census]
  • [https://www.census.gov/schools/pdf/2010form_info.pdf 2010 United States Census Form]
  • [https://www.census.gov/ U.S. Census Bureau]
  • The 2010 Census: Winners and Losers – slideshow by Life magazine
  • How to deep link into US Census Bureau FactFinder2, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20101022055252/http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/aff2.html FactFinder2 info]
  • Census: As Red States Grow, So Do Hispanic Populations Within – video report by Democracy Now!
{{USCensus}}

4 : 2010 in American politics|Lockheed Martin|United States Census|2010 censuses
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