| 词条 | Jauchzet, frohlocket! BWV 248 I |
| 释义 |
| title = {{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket!}} | subtitle = Part I of Christmas Oratorio | composer = J. S. Bach | type = Christmas cantata | image = BWV 248 Autograph.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = Autograph of the beginning | catalogue = BWV 248 I | related = based on {{hlist| BWV 214 | BWV 213 }} | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1734|12|25|df=y}}|location=Leipzig}} | movements = 9 | text = {{plainlist|
}} | vocal = {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir and soloists | instrumental = {{hlist | 3 trumpets | timpani | 2 flauto traverso | 2 oboes | 2 oboe d'amore | 2 violins | viola | cello | violone | continuo }} | italic_title = no }} {{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket!}} (Shout for joy, exult!),{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=102}} {{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}248 I,{{sfn|Bach Digital|2018}} is a Christmas cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, composed in 1734 for Christmas Day, as Part I of his Christmas Oratorio. It is based on a libretto by an unknown author, and tells the story of the Nativity of Jesus until the child is born. Bach structured the work in nine movements, and scored it for four vocal parts and a festive Baroque orchestra with trumpets, timpani, flutes, oboes and strings. Several movements rely on music which he had composed earlier, two of them including the opening chorus on a secular cantata, {{lang|de|Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten!}} (Resound, ye drums! Ring out, ye trumpets!), BWV{{nbsp}}214, which he had composed for the birthday of Maria Josepha of Saxony, on 8 December 1733. An aria is based on {{lang|de|Laßt uns sorgen, laßt uns wachen, BWV 213|italic=unset}}, a secular cantata composed for the 11th birthday of the crown-prince on 5 September 1733. The tenor soloist narrates the biblical story in recitative as the Evangelist. The choir sings two chorales, a four-part setting of Paul Gerhardt's "Wie soll ich dich empfangen" and a setting for choir and independent orchestra of a stanza from Martin Luther's "Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her", to close the cantata. Bach led the first performances at the two main churches of Leipzig in a morning service and a vespers service on 25 December 1734. {{TOC limit|3}}Background and textBach composed {{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket!}} in 1734, eleven years after he became Thomaskantor in Leipzig, director of music in major churches in the town in the Electorate of Saxony. The cantata forms Part I of his Christmas Oratorio which was performed on six occasions of Christmastide, beginning with Part I on Christmas Day.{{sfn|Bach Digital|2018}} The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Epistle of Titus, "God's mercy appeared" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Titus|chapter=2|verse=11|range=–14}}) or from Isaiah, "Unto us a child is born" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Isaiah|chapter=9|verse=2|range=–7}}), and from the Gospel of Luke, the Nativity, Annunciation to the shepherds and the angels' song ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=1|range=–14}}).{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA91 91]}} The librettist of the text is unknown; scholars debate if he was Picander who had collaborated with Bach before.{{sfn|Bach Digital|2018}}{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=104}} After an opening chorus, the Christmas story is told following the Gospel of Luke, interspersed with reflecting recitatives, arias and chorales. Part I contains the Nativity of Jesus until the child is born. Bach structured the work in nine movements, and scored it for four vocal parts and a festive Baroque orchestra with trumpets, timpani, flutes, oboes and strings. Several movements rely on music which he had composed earlier, two of them on a secular cantata, {{lang|de|Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! BWV 214|italic=unset}} (Resound, ye drums! Ring out, ye trumpets!), which he had composed for the birthday of Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland and Electress of Saxony, on 8 December 1733.{{sfn|Bach Digital 214|2018}} The opening choral movement is taken from the earlier work, and also a bass aria. An alto aria is based on another secular cantata, {{lang|de|Laßt uns sorgen, laßt uns wachen, BWV 213|italic=unset}} (Let us take care, let us watch over), a dramma per musica describing the story of "Hercules at the Crossroads", written for 11th birthday of Crown Prince Friedrich Christian of Saxony and first performed on 5 September 1733.{{sfn|Wessel|2015|p=47}} The tenor soloist narrates the story from Martin Luther's translation of the Bible in recitative as the Evangelist ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=1|range=3–7}}). The choir sings two chorales, a four-part setting of Paul Gerhardt's "Wie soll ich dich empfangen" and a setting for choir and independent orchestra of the 13th stanza from Martin Luther's "Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her", to close the cantata.{{sfn|Bach Digital|2018}}{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=152}} In the seventh movement, a recitative is combined with the sixth stanza of Luther's hymn * "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ".{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} Bach led the first performance at the Nikolaikirche with Thomanerchor in a morning service on Christmas Day 1734, repeated in a vespers service at the Thomaskirche the same day.{{snf|Villa Musica|2018}} MusicScoring and structureThe cantata is structured in nine movements. An extended choral movement sets the mood. The other eight movements follow twice the same sequence, of Gospel reading as tenor secco recitative, a meditative accompanied recitative, an aria like a prayer, and an affirming chorale.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=104}} The work features four vocal soloists, a four-part choir ({{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}}) and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of three trumpets (Tr), timpani, two transverse flutes (Ft), two oboes (Ob), two oboes d'amore (Oa), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo.{{sfn|Bischof|2018}} The duration is given as 29 minutes.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=102}} In the following table, the scoring follows the {{lang|de|Neue Bach-Ausgabe}} (New Bach Edition). The keys and time signatures are from Alfred Dürr, and use the symbol for common time.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|pp=102–103}} The continuo, played throughout, is not shown. The timpani always play with the trumpets. {{Classical movement header | show_text_source = yes | work = {{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket!}} | instruments1 = Brass | instruments2 = Winds | instruments3 = Strings }}{{Classical movement row| number = 1 | title = {{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket!|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Chorus | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = 3Tr | instruments2 = 2Ft 2Ob | instruments3 = 2Vl Va | key = D major | time = 3/8 }}{{Classical movement row | number = 2 | title = {{lang|de|Es begab sich aber zu der Zeit|italic=no}} | text_source = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=1|range=3–6}} | type = Recitative | vocal = T | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | instruments3 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | number = 3 | title = {{lang|de|Nun wird mein liebster Bräutigam|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Recitative | vocal = A | instruments1 = | instruments2 = 2Oa | instruments3 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | number = 4 | title = {{lang|de|Bereite dich, Zion|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria | vocal = A | instruments1 = | instruments2 = Oa | instruments3 = Vl | key = A minor | time = 3/8 }}{{Classical movement row | number = 5 | title = {{lang|de|Wie soll ich dich empfangen|italic=no}} | text_source = Gerhardt | type = Chorale | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = | instruments2 = 2Ft 2Ob | instruments3 = 2Vl Va | key = A minor | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | number = 6 | title = {{lang|de|Und sie gebar ihren ersten Sohn|italic=no}} | text_source = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=2|verse=7}} | type = Recitative | vocal = T | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | instruments3 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | number = 7 | title = {{lang|de|Er ist auf Erden kommen arm Wer will die Liebe recht erhöhn|italic=no}} | text_source = Luther anon. | type = Chorale e recitative | vocal = S B | instruments1 = | instruments2 = 2Oa | instruments3 = | key = D major | time = 3/4 {{music|common-time}} }}{{Classical movement row | number = 8 | title = {{lang|de|Großer Herr und starker König|italic=no}} | text_source = anon. | type = Aria | vocal = B | instruments1 = Tr | instruments2 = Ft | instruments3 = 2Vl Va | key = D major | time = 2/4 }}{{Classical movement row | number = 9 | title = {{lang|de|Ach mein herzliebes Jesulein|italic=no}} | text_source = Luther | type = Chorale | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = 3Tr | instruments2 = 2Ft 2Ob | instruments3 = 2Vl Va | key = D major | time = {{music|common-time}} }}{{End}} Movements1The opening chorus, "{{lang|de|Jauchzet, frohlocket! Auf, preiset die Tage|italic=no}}" (Celebrate, rejoice, rise up and praise these days),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} is a complex long da capo form (ABA). Unusually for Bach, it opens with the timpani (kettledrums) alone.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|pp=148–149}} Next the trumpets enter, then the strings and woodwinds.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=148}} This sequence comes from the secular model, Tönet, ihr Pauken where the instruments are asked to enter in this order: "{{lang|de|Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! Klingende Saiten, erfüllet die Luft! Singet itzt Lieder, ihr muntren Poeten,|italic=no}}" (Sound, you drums! Ring forth, trumpets! Vibrating strings, fill the air! Now sing songs, you exuberant poets).{{sfn|Dellal|2017}} The extended instrumental ritornello presents the musical material of the whole movement, presenting changing instrumental colours.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=151}} The voices enter in unison, first imitating timpani, then trumpets.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=148}} In the following section, the vocal lines are mostly homophonic and sometimes imitative, while the instrumental forces drive the movement. The second section is a modified repeat of the first.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=152}} The middle section (B) of the movement also has two elements, an imitative passage in B minor accompanied only by the strings,{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=153}} and a mostly homophonic part with strings and woodwinds, after which A is repeated completely.{{sfn|Rathey|2016|p=153}} 2The tenor begins the narration with the secco recitative "{{lang|de|Es begab sich aber zu der Zeit|italic=no}}" (It came to pass at that time),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} after Luke 2:1,3–6. 3The alto reflects the announcement first in a recitative, "{{lang|de|Nun wird mein liebster Bräutigam, nun wird der Held aus Davids Stamm|italic=no}}" (Now my dearest Bridegroom, now the hero from David's branch),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} expressing eagerness to meet her bridegroom, a descendent of David, in the imagery of the Song of Songs. In an accompanied recitative, two oboes d'amore support the voice.{{sfn|Wessel|2015|p=47}} 4In the alto da capo aria, "{{lang|de|Bereite dich, Zion, mit zärtlichen Trieben|italic=no}}" (Prepare yourself, Zion, with tender efforts,),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} the singer reflects preparing herself lovingly for this meeting. The oboe d'amore supports the tender expressiveness. The movement is based on the aria "Ich will dich nicht hören" (No. 9) from the secular cantata Laßt uns sorgen, laßt uns wachen, BWV 213 with a different affect.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=105}} 5A chorale concludes the first scene, "{{lang|de|Wie soll ich dich empfangen|italic=no}}" (How shall I embrace You),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}}{{sfn|Dahn 5|2018}} deepening the right preparation for the reception of the Beloved. It is the first stanza of Paul Gerhardt's Advent song, with the melody which was associated with it in Leipzig, the same melody also used for Gerhardt's Passion hymn "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden". The melody of this first chorale in the oratorio reappears in the final movement, "Nun seid ihr wohl gerochen".{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=105}} 6The tenor continues the narration with another secco recitative {{lang|de|Und sie gebar ihren ersten Sohn|italic=no}} (And she bore her first son),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} after Luke 2:7, reporting the birth of the baby which is laid in a manger.{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} 7In a combination of chorale and recitative, the soprano sings line by line the sixth stanza, "{{lang|de|Er ist auf Erden kommen arm|italic=no}}" (He came to earth poor){{sfn|Dellal|2018}} from Luther's hymn "{{lang|de|Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ|italic=no}}"{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} in a triple metre and embellished, always commented by the bass who begins {{lang|de|Wer will die Liebe recht erhöhn|italic=no}} (Who can rightly exalt this love),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} in contrasting common time.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=105}} The voices are supported by two oboes d'amore.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=103}} 8In a bass da capo aria, "{{lang|de|Großer Herr, o starker König, liebster Heiland, o wie wenig|italic=no}} (Great Lord, o powerful King, dearest Savior, o how little){{sfn|Dellal|2018}} the contrast of the Great Lord and his birth in poverty is reflected. The movement is based on a bass aria from Tönet, ihr Pauken in which the Queen is addressed, accompanied by an obbligato trumpet to refer to her royalty.{{sfn|Wessel|2015|p=47}} 9The cantata is closed with the chorale "{{lang|de|Ach mein herzliebes Jesulein|italic=no}}" (Ah, my heart's beloved little Jesus),{{sfn|Dellal|2018}}{{sfn|Dahn 9|2018}} the 13th stanza of Luther's hymn "{{lang|de|Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her|italic=no}}".{{sfn|Dellal|2018}} While the tender text addresses the baby, interludes with trumpets recall the opening movement and refer to his godly nature.{{sfn|Dürr|Jones|2006|p=105}} ReferencesCited sourcesBach Digital
| url = https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00011385?lang=en | title = Jauchzet, frohlocket! Auf, preiset die Tage / (Christmas oratorio, part 1) BWV 248 I; BC D 7 I | website = Bach Digital | accessdate = 6 December 2018 | ref = {{sfnref|Bach Digital|2018}} }}
| url=http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000270?lang=en | title = Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! BWV 214; BC G 19 / Secular cantata (Birthday) | publisher = Bach Digital | accessdate = 7 December 2017 | ref = {{sfnref|Bach Digital 214|2018}} }}Books
| last = Dürr | first = Alfred | authorlink = Alfred Dürr | last2 = Jones | first2 = Richard D. P. | author2link = Richard D. P. Jones | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA102 | title = The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-19-929776-4 | pages = 102–105, 820 | ref = harv }}
| last = Rathey | first = Markus | url = https://books.google.de/books?id=UHDADAAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 | title = Johann Sebastian Bach's Christmas Oratorio: Music, Theology, Culture | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2016 | isbn = 978-0-19-027526-6 | pages = 148–152 | ref = harv }}
| last = Wessel | first = Jens | url = https://d-nb.info/1106404866/34 | chapter = Köthen (1717–1723) | title = J. S. Bach und die italienische Oper / Drammi per musica für das kurfürstlich-sächsische und polnische Königshaus zwischen 1733 und 1736 | publisher = Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg | year = 2015 | pages = 25–44, 47, 99–100 | language = German | type = dissertation | format = PDF | ref = harv }}Online sources
| last = Bischof | first = Walter F. | url = https://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/248I.html | title = BWV 248I Jauchzet, frohlocket! Auf, preiset die Tage / Weihnachts-Oratorium I | publisher = University of Alberta | year = 2018 | accessdate = 6 December 2018 | ref = harv }}
| last = Dahn | first = Luke | url = http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0248_5.htm | title = BWV 248.5 | year = 2018 | website = bach-chorales.com | accessdate = 18 December 2018 | ref = {{sfnref|Dahn 5|2018}} }}
| last = Dahn | first = Luke | url = http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0248_9.htm | title = BWV 248.9 | year = 2018 | website = bach-chorales.com | accessdate = 18 December 2018 | ref = {{sfnref|Dahn 9|2018}} }}
| last = Dellal | first = Pamela | authorlink = Pamela Dellal | url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_translations/translations_cantata/t_bwv248-1.htm | title = BWV 248-I - Jauchzet, frohlocket, auf, preiset die Tage | year = 2018 | publisher = Emmanuel Music | accessdate = 6 December 2018 | ref = harv }}
| last = Dellal | first = Pamela | authorlink = Pamela Dellal | url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv214.htm | title = BWV 214 – Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! | year = 2017 | publisher = Emmanuel Music | accessdate = 17 December 2018 | ref = harv }}
| url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv214.htm | title = Aktuell: Villa Musica Adventskalender: Bach und Händel anno 1734 | year = 2018 | publisher = Villa Musica | accessdate = 23 December 2018 | ref = {{snfref|Villa Musica|2018}} }} External links
3 : Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach|1734 compositions|Christmas cantatas |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。