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词条 Jean Briggs
释义

  1. Biography

  2. References

Jean L. Briggs (May 28, 1929 – July 27, 2016) was an American-born anthropologist, ethnographer, linguist, and professor emerita at Memorial University of Newfoundland. Her best known works included the 1970 landmark book, Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family, based on 18 months of research and field work in Inuit communities on the Arctic coast during the 1960s.[1][2] Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family, which documents Inuit language, culture and practices, remains a landmark publication in the fields of ethnography and Arctic studies to this day.[1][2] In 2015, Briggs helped to complete and publish a dictionary of Utkuhiksalingmiut Inuktitut, also called Utkuhiksalik, which preserves 34,000 words and contributes to the preservation of the Utku language.[1][2]

Most of her fieldwork and research focused on the Canadian Inuit, but she also visited communities of Alaskan Inupiat and Siberian Yupik as well.[2]

Biography

Briggs was born in Washington D.C. on May 28, 1929, the eldest of four children of Margaret (née Worcester) and Horace W. Briggs, member of the clergy of The New Church, also known as Swedenborgianism.[1] She was raised in the state of Maine and Newton, Massachusetts.[2] Jean Briggs received her bachelor's degree from Vassar College in 1951.[1] She then completed a master's degree from Boston University in 1960 and her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1967.[1][3]

In 1967, Briggs moved to the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador and joined the Department of Anthropology at Memorial University in St. John's, where she taught for 47 years.[1][2] She was a student of Cora Du Bois, an American cultural and psychiatric anthropologist.[2]

In 1970, she published her best known book, Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family, based on research conducted while living with an Inuit family along the Chantrey Inlet for 18-months during the 1960s.[1] She documents the culture, language and practices of the family and the surrounding community in the book, which remains a landmark publication in the fields of ethnography and anthropology.[1][2] By her own account, Briggs knew very few Inuit words when she arrived to conduct her research, "When I arrived in Chantrey Inlet in 1963, I knew only six words of Inuktitut: 'yes,' 'no,' ‘I don’t know,’ ‘have some tea,’ 'have some more tea' and 'thank you'."[2]

In 1988, Briggs published a second book, Inuit Morality Play: The Emotional Education of a Three-Year-Old. Her book won two awards, the Boyer Prize from the Society for Psychoanalytic Anthropology and the Victor Turner Prize from the Society for Humanistic Anthropology.[1][3]

Jean Briggs compiled a landmark, bilingual Utkuhiksalingmiut Inuktitut dictionary, which was published in 2015.[1][2] Briggs had begun compiling Utkuhiksalingmiut Inuktitut words in 1970, ultimately gathering and preserving 34,000 words in the dictionary.[2] Prior to its 2015 publication, no dictionary had ever documented the Utkuhiksalingmiut Inuktitut dialect.[1][3][2] Several researches and colleagues from Memorial University and the University of Toronto joined her to create the dictionary, utilizing five grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC).[2]

Briggs won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Psychological Anthropology, as well as an honorary doctorate from the University of Bergen in Norway.[2] She was also a Royal Society of Canada fellow.[1]

Jean Briggs died from congestive heart failure on July 27, 2016, at the age of 87.[1][2]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite news|first=Lisa|last=Gushue|title=Eminent anthropologist Jean Briggs, Inuit language expert, dead at 87 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/anthropologist-jean-briggs-dead-at-87-1.3700470 |work=CBC News |date=2016-07-29 |accessdate=2016-08-21}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite news|first=Joan|last=Sullivan |title=Anthropologist Jean L. Briggs’ books on Inuit became classics |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/anthropologist-jean-l-briggs-books-on-inuit-became-classics/article31395950/ |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2016-08-12 |accessdate=2016-08-21}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=|last=|title=Faculty and Instructors: Jean Briggs |url=https://www.mun.ca/anthro/People/Faculty/Briggs.php |work=Department of Anthropology at Memorial University of Newfoundland |date= |accessdate=2016-08-21}}
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23 : 1929 births|2016 deaths|Cultural anthropologists|Anthropological linguists|Canadian anthropologists|Canadian ethnographers|American anthropologists|American ethnographers|Women anthropologists|Translators to Inuit|Inuit languages|Canadian lexicographers|Academics in Newfoundland and Labrador|Memorial University of Newfoundland faculty|Vassar College alumni|Boston University alumni|Harvard University alumni|American emigrants to Canada|People from Maine|People from Newton, Massachusetts|People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada|Linguists of Eskimo–Aleut languages
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