“Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Jean-Jacques Muyembe (born 1942) is the General Director of the Democratic Republic of the Congo National Institute for Biomedical Research. He was part of team at the Yambuku Catholic Mission Hospital that investigated the first Ebola outbreak.

Early life and education

Muyembe grew up in Bandundu Province, the child of farmers. He was educated by jesuits. He studied medicine at the Lovanium University in the Democratic Republic of the Congo where he became interested in microbiology and graduated in 1962.^[1] He earned a PhD in virology at the University of Leuven in Belgium, working on viral infections with mouse models.^[1]^[2] He returned to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1973 and worked in outbreak control.^[3] In 1974 there was a cholera outbreak in Matadi, which was the first crisis that Muyembe worked on.^[2]

Career

Muyembe was described by The Lancet as Africa's Ebola hunter.^[3] He first came across ebola virus in 1976 at a Belgian hospital in Yambuku.^[3]^[4] Using a long steel rod, Muyembe took liver biopsies from three nuns who had died, but the results were inconclusive. He was the first scientist to come into contact with the virus and survive.^[5] The blood of a sick nurse was sent for analysis at the Institute for Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, then to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where Peter Piot discovered ebola - a new filoviridae.^[3] He was appointed the Dean of the University of Kinshasa Medical School in 1978.^[2] In 1981 Muyembe joined the Institut Pasteur de Dakar in Senegal, working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to study the ebola and marburg virus.^[2] In 1998 he was made the Director of the Democratic Republic of the Congo National Institute for Biomedical Research.^[6]

He has acted as an adviser to the World Health Organization Emergency Committee on ebola.^[7] Here he leads 15 researchers studying sleeping sickness, bas-Congo virus and the ebola.^[7] He has advised political leadership in West Africa.^[8]

He recognised the sociocultural challenges of ebola, trying to encourage hospitals improve their infection control and community engagement.^[3] He worked with David L. Heymann on the ebola outbreak in 1995.^[3] He was called by the Director of the Kikwit General Hospital who was asking for help with an outbreak of deadly diarrhea. When Muyembe arrived, he recognised it was ebola, and sent samples for confirmation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.^[2] He has chaired the international committees that looked to control the Ebola outbreaks in Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[1] He leads research into the reservoirs of the ebola virus in the DRC.^[1] In 2009 he demonstrated that the ebola outbreaks in the DRC were due to fruit bat exposure.^[9] He has developed an anti-Ebola serum therapy.^[10] There was a further ebola outbreak in 2018, which took time to control due to delays in reporting.^[11] The Wellcome Trust and Department for International Development donated £1 million each.^[11] He pioneered the use of an ebola vaccine to limit the spread of the virus, including vaccinating health professionals.^[12]^[13]

Muyembe has established multiple research facilities, including a polio and influenza lab. In 2017 he partnered with the Japan International Cooperation Agency to build a research complex with several biosafety labs.^[1] As of 2018, the DRC still have none of their own labs to test for ebola.^[1]

Awards and honours

In 2015 he was awarded the Christophe Mérieux Prize to study further research in the Congo Basin.^[3]^[14] That year he was awarded the Royal Society Africa Prize "for his seminal work on viral haemorrhagic fevers, including Ebola, generating the foundation of our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and control of outbreaks of these viral infections".^[6]^[15]^[16]^[17] He was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2015 International Symposium on Filoviruses. In 2018 he was named as one of Nature's 10.^[18]

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/advisory-groups/bio-muyembe/en/|title=WHO {{!}} Jean-Jacques Muyembe|website=WHO|access-date=2018-12-21}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/96/12/18-031218/en/|title=WHO {{!}} Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum: a life's work on Ebola|website=WHO|access-date=2018-12-21}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61128-X |pmid=26122060 |title=Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum: Africa's veteran Ebola hunter |journal=The Lancet |volume=385 |issue=9986 |pages=2455 |year=2015 |last1=Honigsbaum |first1=Mark }}
4. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.7554/eLife.09015 |pmid=26525597 |pmc=4629279 |title=Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1976-2014 |journal=eLife |volume=4 |year=2015 |last1=Rosello |first1=Alicia |last2=Mossoko |first2=Mathias |last3=Flasche |first3=Stefan |last4=Van Hoek |first4=Albert Jan |last5=Mbala |first5=Placide |last6=Camacho |first6=Anton |last7=Funk |first7=Sebastian |last8=Kucharski |first8=Adam |last9=Ilunga |first9=Benoit Kebela |last10=Edmunds |first10=W John |last11=Piot |first11=Peter |last12=Baguelin |first12=Marc |last13=Muyembe Tamfum |first13=Jean-Jacques }}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/ebola-neglected-tropical-diseases_us_58d2ac02e4b0f838c62e9e0d|title=He Treated The Very First Ebola Cases 40 Years Ago. Then He Watched The World Forget.|date=2017-03-24|newspaper=Huffington Post|access-date=2018-12-21|last1=McNeish|first1=Hannah}}
6. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.icreid.com/speakers/jean-jacques-muyembe-tamfum-md-phd/|title=Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD « ICREID|access-date=2018-12-21}}
7. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/jean-jacques-muyembe-tamfum-100000005/|title=Professor Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum {{!}} Royal Society|website=royalsociety.org|access-date=2018-12-21}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/3kewvn/the-democratic-republic-of-congo-has-tackled-another-ebola-outbreak|title=How the Democratic Republic of Congo Fought A Different Ebola Outbreak|last=Stokes|first=Elaisha|date=2014-10-24|website=Vice News|access-date=2018-12-21}}
9. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1089/vbz.2008.0167 |pmid=19323614 |title=Human Ebola Outbreak Resulting from Direct Exposure to Fruit Bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007 |journal=Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=723–728 |year=2009 |last1=Leroy |first1=Eric M. |last2=Epelboin |first2=Alain |last3=Mondonge |first3=Vital |last4=Pourrut |first4=Xavier |last5=Gonzalez |first5=Jean-Paul |last6=Muyembe-Tamfum |first6=Jean-Jacques |last7=Formenty |first7=Pierre }}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://gdri-ehede.univ-fcomte.fr/spip.php?article42|title=Jean-Jacques Muyembe receives the Christophe Merieux prize - gdri-ehede|website=gdri-ehede.univ-fcomte.fr|access-date=2018-12-21}}
11. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/05/ebola-outbreak-drc-three-four-months/560237/|title=The New Ebola Outbreak Could Take 'Three, Maybe Four' Months to Control|last=Yong|first=Ed|date=2018-05-11|website=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-12-21}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-44164480|title="Ebola resurgit car nous ne connaissons pas son réservoir"|date=2018-05-18|work=BBC News Afrique|access-date=2018-12-21}}
13. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1101/113506 |title=Effect of vaccinating health care workers to control Ebola virus disease: A modelling analysis of outbreak data |year=2018 |last1=Robert |first1=Alexis |last2=Camacho |first2=Anton |last3=Edmunds |first3=W John |last4=Baguelin |first4=Marc |last5=Muyembe Tamfum |first5=Jean-Jacques |last6=Rosello |first6=Alicia |last7=Keita |first7=Sakoba |last8=Eggo |first8=Rosalind M. }}
14. ^{{Citation|last=Institut de France|title=Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, lauréat du Prix Christophe Mérieux 2015.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DewCtqUyCA|access-date=2018-12-21}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/08/20/ghanaian-scientist-wins-2015-royal-society-pfizer-early-career-award/|title=Ghanaian scientist wins 2015 Royal Society Pfizer Early Career Award|date=2015-08-20|website=citifmonline.com|access-date=2018-12-21}}
16. ^{{Cite book|url=http://royalsociety.org/Pfizer-Award/|title=The Royal Society Pfizer Award|publisher=The Royal Society}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/alsfordlab/2015/11/23/royal-society-pfizer-awards-19th-october-2015/|title=Royal Society Pfizer Awards, 19th October 2015 {{!}} Alsford Lab|website=blogs.lshtm.ac.uk|access-date=2018-12-21}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07683-5|title=Nature's 10|website=www.nature.com|access-date=2018-12-21}}