Jeschke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Alvin Jeschke, Czechoslovak canoeist
• Andreas Jeschke (born 1966), German footballer and manager
• Karl Jeschke (1890–?), German SS officer
• Marta Jeschke (born 1986), Polish sprinter
• Norman Jeschke (born 1979), German pair skater
• Sabina Jeschke (born 1968), German scientist
• Wolfgang Jeschke (1936–2015), German writer

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