“Jessie Maple”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Maple was born in Louisiana in 1947 in a family of 4 brothers and seven sisters.^[3] She worked in a bacteriology laboratory and later wrote for the New York Courier. She received film training through Ossie Davis's Third World Cinema, and through the National Education Television Training School, a program run by WNET public television in New York City.^[3] The latter program was established for African Americans to learn behind-the-scenes camera jobs in order to get into the union, but funding for this program was short-lived; as Maple noted, "It was so successful that after one year they shut it down."^[3] She began her career in film as an apprentice editor for Shaft's Big Score! and The Super Cops.^[4] After being admitted to the Film Editor's Union, Maple studied and passed the examination for the Cinematographer's Union.^[3]

Career

Following a prolonged legal struggle in 1973, Maple became the first African-American woman admitted to the New York camera operators union.^[5]^[6] She described her lawsuits and struggle in a self-published autobiographical book, How to Become a Union Camerawoman (1976). Working for many years as a news camerawoman, Maple recounts she had her best moment when she realized she could "edit the story in the camera and prevent the editor from taking a positive story and making a negative one out of it," particularly in stories with a race element where black people were often left out of the news story.^[3] According to Maple, "I would shoot [the story] in a way where they couldn't cut the black person out of [it]. They had to see both sides of what happened and what they had to say."^[3] In 1974 Maple cofounded LJ Films Productions with her husband, Leroy Patton, to produce short documentaries.^[7]

In 1981, Maple released the independent feature film Will, a gritty drama about a girls' basketball coach struggling with heroin addiction. With that release, Maple has been cited as the first African-American woman to direct an independent feature-length film in the post-civil rights era.^[8]^[9] In order to show her own film, and other independent movies by African-Americans, Maple and Patton opened the 20 West Theater, Home of Black Cinema in their Harlem brownstone home in 1982.^[10] Her second independent feature film was Twice as Nice from a screenplay by poet and actress Saundra Pearl Sharp.^[11] Released in 1989, the film is a tale of twin sisters who play basketball.

The Black Film Center/Archive at Indiana University holds the papers and films of Maple in the Jessie Maple Collection, 1971–1992.^[12]

Selected filmography

Features

Documentaries

Books

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://blackfilmcenterarchive.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/exploring-the-jessie-maple-collection/|title=Into The Archive: Exploring the Jessie Maple Collection|last=BFC/A|date=April 12, 2012|work=Black Film Center/Archive|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
2. ^{{Cite book|title="Black Women Filmmakers; a brief history" from The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Gender|last=Bobo|first=Jacqueline|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|isbn=9781138924956|location=Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY|pages=chapter 23|quote=Jessie Maple and Kathleen Collins...were among the first black women to create long-form narrative dramatic feature films: Maple directed Will (1981) and Collins directed Losing Ground (1982).}}
3. ^¹²{{Cite book|title=Shooting Women: Behind the Camera, Around the World|last=Margolis|first=Harriet|last2=Krasilovsky|first2=Alexis|last3=Stein|first3=Julia|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-78320-506-6|location=Chicago, IL|pages=}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Heyde|first=Paul|year=2006|title=Black Women Filmmakers Forum: An Alternative Aesthetic and Vision|url=|journal=Black Camera|volume=21|pages=15}}
5. ^¹²³{{cite journal|last=Staff|date=February 1976|title=A Lady Behind the Lens|journal=Ebony|volume=31|issue=4|pages=44–52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=%22A+Lady+behind+the+Lens%22+Ebony&source=bl&ots=AIZ7mcML3P&sig=_Gcg3FqV7SbsByy6J0dvPsIw0og&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjj9-e367jKAhWDOyYKHXkTD3sQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=%22A%20Lady%20behind%20the%20Lens%22%20Ebony&f=false}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmlinc.org/films/an-evening-with-jessie-maple/|title=An Evening with Jessie Maple|date=February 2015|work=Tell It Like It Is: Black Independents in New York, 1968–1986|publisher=The Film Society of Lincoln Center|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nywift.org/article.aspx?ID=3198|title=Will (1981)|publisher=New York Women in Film & Television|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://shadowandact.com/remembering-jessie-maple-and-her-landmark-1981-feature-length-film-will/|title=Remembering Jessie Maple And Her Landmark 1981 Feature-Length Film, 'Will'|last=Oxendine|first=Alice|date=July 30, 2013|work=Shadow and Act: On Cinema of The African Diaspora|publisher=Indiewire|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/movies/films-by-jessie-maple-in-lincoln-center-series.html?_r=0|title=Films by Jessie Maple in Lincoln Center Series (Film: Fighting for Rights and Making Movies)|last=Holden|first=Stephen|date=February 15, 2015|work=New York Times|page=AR4|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
10. ^{{cite journal|last=Carpenter|first=Sandy|date=December 10, 1983|title='Burning An Illusion' Is Cruel Racial Awakening|journal=New York Amsterdam News|volume=74|issue=50|pages=26–27|url=https://blackfilmcenterarchive.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/amsterdam-news.jpg}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.film-foundation.org/nfpf-2015|title=57 Films To Be Saved Through the NFPF’s 2015 Preservation Grants|date=June 4, 2015|publisher=The Film Foundation|accessdate=20 January 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/findingaids/view?doc.view=entire_text&docId=VAC1145|title=Jessie Maple Collection, 1971–1992|work=Archives Online|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=20 January 2016}}