| 词条 | Jock Kay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Jock Kay | honorific_prefix = The Honourable | party = Independent Zimbabwe Group (1985–1987) ZANU–PF (after 1987) | minister1 = David Karimanzira | office1 = Deputy Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement of Zimbabwe | predecessor1 = Office created | president1 = Robert Mugabe | termend1 = March/April 1990 | termstart1 = 22 January 1988 | birth_date = {{abbr|c.|circa}} 1921 | resting_place = Chipesa Farm Wedza District, Zimbabwe | spouse = Peggy Kay | children = Iain Kay | office3 = Member of Parliament of Zimbabwe for Makoni (White Roll) | termstart3 = October 1983 | termend3 = 2 May 1990 | predecessor3 = Arthur Tapson | successor3 = Constituency abolished }} John Maurice "Jock" Kay (c. 1921 – ?) was a Zimbabwean farmer and politician. A member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe from 1983 to 1990, he served as the Deputy Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement from 1988 to 1990. He entered Parliament as an independent, before joining the ruling ZANU–PF party in 1987. BiographyKay was born circa 1921.[1] In 1948, he purchased 5,000 acres of virgin land in Wedza District, near Marandellas (now Marondera), Southern Rhodesia.[2] He named it Chipesa Farm, and grew maize and tobacco.[3] It supported hundreds of workers and their families.[4] As a farmer, Kay was known as a pioneer of cooperative irrigation techniques.[1] Political careerIn 1983, Kay ran as an independent candidate for Parliament in a by-election for the Makoni white roll constituency.[5][6] The previous member, Arthur Tapson, resigned to move to South Africa.[6] Makoni, a conservative farming area, was one of 20 seats in Parliament reserved for whites per the Lancaster House Agreement.[6][7] In the election on 30 September, Kay earned 493 votes, defeating Republican Front candidate François Smit with 434 votes.[5][6] Kay's election caused Opposition Leader Ian Smith's conservative Republican Front party to lose their majority of the white roll seats in Parliament.[6] In 1985, he won reelection to Parliament in Makoni, this time running as a member of the Independent Zimbabwe Group, a coalition of white moderates.[7] Kay, with 707 votes, defeated Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe candidate Shelagh Gertrude van Reenen with 658 votes. On 28 July 1987, Kay crossed the aisle to join Prime Minister Robert Mugabe's ruling ZANU–PF party, along with two other white MPs, John Landau and Tony Read.[7][8] In September 1987, having achieved the support of 75% of the House of Assembly as required under the Lancaster House Agreement, the constitution was amended to abolish the white roll constituencies. A number of new members were co-opted onto the House of Assembly to replace the departing white members. Kay, along with several other white ZANU–PF members, were allowed to keep their seats. On 22 January 1988, Kay was appointed Deputy Minister of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement.[1][9] He was one of two white deputy ministers, along with Charles Duke.[10] His appointment as the deputy of Minister David Karimanzira, because he was a white farmer himself, was thought to help to assuage the concerns of the country's 4,500 white farmers.[11] However, a United States State Department private communication at the time reported that his inexperience and "questionable" professional competence caused some farmers to be uncertain as to whether Kay would be able to protect the interests of white commercial farmers.[10] As deputy minister, Kay focused on promoting irrigation[12] and combating soil loss through erosion.[13] In the 1990 Zimbabwean general election, Kay did not run for reelection to Parliament.[14] Shortly after, he was dropped from the cabinet in a presidential announcement.[14] Personal lifeHe was married to Peggy Kay.[15] Their son, Iain, is also a politician. Kay and his wife are buried at Chipesa Farm in Marondera, Zimbabwe.[15] Electoral history1983 parliamentary by-election
1985 parliamentary election
References1. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyIOAQAAMAAJ|title=Review of the Press|last=|first=|date=1988|publisher=The Society|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=10|language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kay, Jock}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimbabwesituation.com/old/apr2_2002.html|title=The Zimbabwe Situation|last=kdc|website=www.zimbabwesituation.com|access-date=2017-12-12}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/apr/05/news/mn-16197|title=Zimbabwe Policeman Killed on White Farm|last=|first=|date=2000-04-05|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-12-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/2758313.stm|title=Forced to flee|last=|first=|date=2003-02-14|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-12-14|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-GB}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjUXAQAAMAAJ|title=Keesing's Contemporary Archives|last=|first=|date=1983|publisher=Keesing's Limited.|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=757|language=en}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnsEAQAAIAAJ|title=Africa Research Bulletin|last=Ltd|first=Africa Research|date=1983|publisher=Blackwell|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=7006|language=en}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BB1BAQAAIAAJ|title=Southscan|last=|first=|date=1986|publisher=Southscan|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=56|language=en}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwENL_ptZjYC&pg=PA209|title=Through the Darkness: A Life in Zimbabwe|last=Todd|first=Judith Garfield|date=2007|publisher=Zebra|year=|isbn=9781770220027|location=|pages=209|language=en}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/zimbabwe-intimidation-countryside-escalates|title=Zimbabwe: Intimidation in countryside escalates|last=|first=|date=2005-03-18|work=ReliefWeb|access-date=2017-12-13|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}} 10. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=1988-03-14|title=The New Goz: Bio Information|url=https://search.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/88HARARE1365_a.html|journal=|volume=|pages=|via=}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsOAQAAMAAJ|title=Africa Confidential|last=|first=|date=1988|publisher=Miramoor Publications Limited|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=11|language=en}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6QdAQAAMAAJ|title=Keynote addresses|last=Improvement|first=International Institute for Land Reclamation and|date=1988|publisher=Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation [and] International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=31|language=en}} 13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c71PAAAAYAAJ|title=The Zimbabwe Science News|last=|first=|date=1989|publisher=Zimbabwe Scientific Association|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=79|language=en}} 14. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRJBAQAAIAAJ|title=African Concord|last=|first=|date=1990|publisher=Concord Press of Nigeria|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=19|language=en}} 15. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co/2008/08/graves-desecrated/|title=Graves Desecrated|last=|first=|date=2008-08-06|website=The Zimbabwean|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-12-14}} 14 : 1921 births|Year of death missing|20th-century Zimbabwean politicians|Agriculture ministers|Government ministers of Zimbabwe|Independent politicians in Zimbabwe|Members of the House of Assembly (Zimbabwe)|People from Mashonaland East Province|People from Marondera|Rhodesian farmers|White Rhodesian people|White Zimbabwean politicians|ZANU–PF politicians|Zimbabwean farmers |
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