| 词条 | 2-Hydroxybutyric acid |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477213596 | ImageFile=(RS)-2-Hydroxybutanic Acid Structural Formula V1.svg | ImageSize=150px | ImageFile1 = 2-Hydroxybutyric-acid-3D-balls.png | ImageSize1 = 160 | ImageAlt1 = 2-Hydroxybutyric acid molecule | IUPACName=2-Hydroxybutanoic acid | OtherNames=alpha-hydroxybutyrate |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10792 | InChI = 1/C4H8O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7) | InChIKey = AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYAH | SMILES1 = O=C(O)C(O)CC | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 567588 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C4H8O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3,5H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo=565-70-8 | PubChem=11266 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 1148 | SMILES=CCC(O)C(=O)O | MeSHName=2-hydroxybutyric+acid |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=4 | H=8 | O=3 | Appearance= | Density= | MeltingPt= | BoilingPt= | Solubility= |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards= | FlashPt= | AutoignitionPt = |Section4={{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = hydroxybutyrate | OtherFunction_label = carboxylic acids | OtherFunction = propionic acid lactic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid malonic acid butyric acid hydroxypentanoic acid | OtherCompounds = erythrose threose 1,2-butanediol 1,3-butanediol 2,3-butanediol 1,4-butanediol }} 2-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as alpha-hydroxybutyrate and α-hydroxybutyrate, is a hydroxybutyric acid with the hydroxyl group on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl. It is a chiral compound having two enantiomers, D-2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-2-hydroxybutyric acid. 2-Hydroxybutyrate, the conjugate base of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, is produced in mammalian tissues (principally hepatic) that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification demands can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Under such metabolic stress conditions, supplies of L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis become limiting, so homocysteine is diverted from the transmethylation pathway forming methionine into the transsulfuration pathway forming cystathionine. 2-Hydroxybutyrate is released as a byproduct when cystathionine is cleaved to cysteine that is incorporated into glutathione. Chronic shifts in the rate of glutathione synthesis may be reflected by urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyrate. α-hydroxybutyrate may be useful as an early indicator of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects.[1] Moreover, elevated serum α-hydroxybutyrate predicts worsening glucose tolerance.[2] References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Gall WE, Beebe K, Lawton KA, Adam KP, Mitchell MW, Nakhle PJ, Ryals JA, Milburn MV, Nannipieri M, Camastra S, Natali A, Ferrannini E, ((RISC Study Group)) | title=alpha-hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic population | journal= PLOS ONE | volume=5 | issue=5 | year=2010 | pages=10883 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0010883 | pmc=2878333 | pmid=20526369}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxybutyric acid, 2-}}2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferrannini E, Natali A, Camastra S, Nannipieri M, Mari A, Adam KP, Milburn MV, Kastenmüller G, Adamski J, Tuomi T, Lyssenko V, Groop L, Gall WE | title=Early metabolic markers of the development of dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes and their physiological significance | journal= Diabetes | volume=62 | issue=5 | year=2013 | pages=1730–1737 | doi=10.2337/db12-0707 | url=http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/5/1730.long | pmc=3636608 | pmid=23160532}} 1 : Alpha hydroxy acids |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。