词条 | John F. Harris (politician) |
释义 |
John F. Harris (c. 1830 – August 20, 1913) was an American lawyer and politician from Greenville, Mississippi. In the mid- and late-1880s he was a member of the Greenville city council and in 1890 he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. He was also a member of numerous local civic organizations. He is noted for an 1890 speech given to the state house in support of an appropriations bill for a monument to Confederate veterans of the American Civil War. Early lifeJohn F. Harris was likely born sometime between 1827 and 1831.[1][2] He was a slave until the American Civil War (1861–1865). As a slave, he worked as a carpenter.[3] After achieving his freedom, he began to study law and was largely self-taught. Like fellow African American lawyer Nathan S. Taylor, studied law in the offices of Percy and Yerger, one of the best firms in Greenville.[2] Harris was said to "carry a saw under one arm and a Mississippi [Law] Code under the under and ... when he was not doing carpenter work he was reading the Code.[3] Harris was admitted to the Greenville bar in December 1870.[4] He continued to work as a carpenter even as he worked as a lawyer and public servant, once joking that he feared a return of slavery would force him back to his previous job, and besides, "law business is powerful dull".[5] There were few black lawyers in Mississippi at the time,[2] and there was not always unity among them. In December 1873, Harris attempted to disbar fellow African American lawyer, John D. Werles.[6] Harris became politically active in the late 1870s, running for Chancery Clerk in 1879.[7] A Republican, he was politically aligned with Republican civil rights activists John R. Lynch and James L. Alcorn and was opposed by Democrats for being hostile to whites.[8] Political careerHe became a city councilman in Greenville by 1884, holding the position until 1889.[9][10] In 1890 he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives. As a Representative, Harris opposed the 1890 constitutional convention.[11] The 1890 convention considered provisions for the disenfranchisement of blacks as being the most important. Indeed, the implementation of these measures was the reason for the convention's very existence.[12] In February 1890, Harris gave a speech in favor of an appropriations bill which gave $10,000 for the placement of a Confederate memorial monument. The speech was in part a reply to opposition to the monument led by white representative Ed S. Watson.[13] This speech has been used as evidence that Harris was supportive of the Confederacy and what it stood for.[14] Harris' career was not uniformly successful. He was brought to court on charges of criminal activity at least twice. In 1888, he was accused of bribery and corruption.[15] In 1903, he was acquitted of a crime, this time of receiving money for stolen property.[16] Other activities and deathIn 1905, Harris became a leader in the Mississippi state affiliate of the Booker T. Washington founded the National Negro Business League.[17] He was also a member of the Knights and Daughters of Jacob, a fraternal organization which worked to raise money to support widows and orphans.[18] He died at his home in Greenville in the morning on August 20, 1913.[19] References1. ^Thompson, Julius E. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KL_eCQAAQBAJ Lynchings in Mississippi: A history, 1865-1965]. McFarland, 2006. p9 {{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, John F.}}2. ^1 Mollison, I. C. (1930). Negro Lawyers in Mississippi. The Journal of Negro History, 15(1), 38-71. 3. ^McMillen, Neil R. [https://books.google.com/books?id=bIN1gR92_SIC Dark journey: Black Mississippians in the age of Jim Crow]. University of Illinois Press, 1990. p. 167 4. ^1 [No Headline] The Vicksburg Daily Times (Vicksburg, Mississippi) December 23, 1870, page 4, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008112/no_headline_the_vicksburg_daily_times/ 5. ^1 Getting Ready for Change of Administration, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) January 2, 1885, p. 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008159/ 6. ^[No Headline] The Vicksburg Herald (Vicksburg, Mississippi) December 17, 1873, page 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008118/no_headline_the_vicksburg_herald/ 7. ^The Election, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) November 8, 1879, p. 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008283/the_election_the_weekly_democrattimes/ 8. ^Political Events, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) October 29, 1881, page 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008144/political_events_the_weekly/ 9. ^Town Officials, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) April 19, 1884, page 1, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008292/town_officials_the_weekly/ 10. ^City Council Proceedings, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) April 6, 1889, page 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008300/city_council_proceedings_the_weekly/ 11. ^New Constitution, The Clarion Ledger, (Jackson, Mississippi) January 23, 1890, page 1, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008210/new_constitution_the_clarion_ledger/ 12. ^McMillen 1990, pp. 40–41 13. ^The Monument, Clarion-Ledger (Jackson, Mississippi) February 23, 1890, page 1, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008221/the_monument_clarionledger_jackson/ 14. ^Kennedy, Walter, and James Kennedy. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QFilZzg3GxkC The South was Right!]. Pelican Publishing, 2010. pp. 107–109 15. ^Bribery and Corruption, The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) March 10, 1888, p. 2, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008186/bribery_and_corruption_the_weekly/ 16. ^[No Headline] The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) April 18, 1903, p. 1, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008248/no_headline_the_weekly_democrattimes/ 17. ^The Mississippi State Negro Business League, The Daily Democrat, (Greenville, Mississippi) June 15, 1905, p. 1, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://newspaperarchive.com/shane-michael-murphy-other-articles-clipping-jun-14-1905-403859 18. ^[No Headline] The Weekly Democrat-Times (Greenville, Mississippi) October 27, 1906, p. 10, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008253/no_headline_the_weekly_democrattimes/ 19. ^Noted Colored Lawyer Dead, Vicksburg Evening Post (Vicksburg, Mississippi) August 20, 1913, page 8, accessed September 26, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14008264/august_20_1913/ 7 : 1913 deaths|People from Greenville, Mississippi|African-American lawyers|Mississippi Republicans|African-American state legislators in Mississippi|Members of the Mississippi House of Representatives|Year of birth uncertain |
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