“John Holer”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

John Holer, born Ivan Holerjem, (August 15, 1935 – June 23, 2018) was a Slovenian Canadian businessman. An immigrant to Canada, Holer is most notable for founding Marineland of Canada in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. He founded the park in the early 1960s and managed it until his death in 2018.

Holer was born in Žice, a village in Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia. His family were farmers and vintners in a wine region. Holer himself studied the chemistry of wine in technical school. After the Second World War, when Communists expropriated part of the family farm, Holer escaped across the border into Graz, Austria. He worked at a winery before travelling to Germany, where he gained employment with Circus Krone and learned to train animals.

Holer immigrated to Canada in 1957, settling in the Niagara area. Holer worked at various jobs, including at the Canada Steamship Lines dry dock at Welland, Ontario. Observing a damaged submarine at the dry dock, Holer and a partner devised an idea for an underwater submarine ride, plans of which they sold to The Walt Disney Company for {{CAD|14,000}}. Using some of the proceeds, Holer, with a partner, bought part of the Harry Oakes estate in Niagara Falls on which to build an animal attraction for Niagara tourists, doing some of the building himself.^[1] The "Marine Wonderland and Animal Farm" opened in 1961.^[5]^[2] Holer had welded two large steel tanks together and brought in three sea lions and charged one quarter for admission and another to feed the animals.^[5] The attraction also featured an underwater show featuring two female swimmers.^[8]

Holer owned and supervised Marineland of Canada, as it was later named, until his death in 2018. Holer was known to ride around the park in a golf cart, personally supervising. Marineland expanded in the 1970s and 1980s, adding marine mammals (orcas, belugas and dolphins ), land animals and large rides, including a large roller coaster and tower drop ride. The park's keeping of marine mammals attracted the attention of animal activists, opposed to the keeping of the animals in captivity, who would protest outside the park's gates. In the 2010s, the park was investigated several times for animal cruelty. Through it all, Holer insisted that his animals were well taken care of, and initiated lawsuits against former employees, activists and the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.^[3]

Holer died on June 23, 2018, aged 82.^[4] He was praised as an "immigrant success story" by Senator Don Plett (Manitoba).^[5] Holer had been seriously ill for five months, and passed away at his home on Chippawa Parkway.^[6] Holer was survived by his wife of 46 years, Marie and son Peter. Another son, John Mark Jr., died in 2013.^[14] He was interred at Fairview Cemetery.^[7]

References

1. ^{{cite news |work=Toronto Star |title=A Young Man Goes West |first=Lotta |last=Dempsey |date=July 20, 1965 |page=42}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Attraction is being expanded|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19760718&id=zzkjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sKAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2157,4711494 |page=52 |accessdate=October 3, 2011|newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=July 18, 1976}}
3. ^{{cite news |work=Huffington Post |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/06/24/john-holer-marineland-founder-dead_a_23466883/ |title=John Holer, Marineland Founder, Dies At 83 |first=Morgan |last=Lowrie |agency=The Canadian Press |date=June 24, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite news |title=Marineland founder John Holer dead at 83 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/marineland-john-holer-dead-1.4720149 |work=CBC News |first=Dan |last=Taekema |date=June 24, 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/marineland-founder-john-holer-dies-at-83-lawyer-says-1.3987059|title=Marineland founder John Holer dies at 83, lawyer says|first=Morgan|last=Lowrie|date=June 24, 2018|work=CTV News}}
6. ^{{cite news |work=St. Catharines Standard |url=https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news-story/8691597-marineland-owner-john-holer-dies-at-83/ |title=Marineland owner John Holer dies at 83 |accessdate=July 30, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://necrocanada.com/obituaries-2018/john-holer-2018/#.W7VCQmhKhhE |title=John Holer 2018 |website=necrocanada.com |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}
8. ^¹²{{cite news|last=Casey|first=Liam|title=The man behind Marineland: 50 years of controversy|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1063392--the-man-behind-marineland-50-years-of-controversy?bn=1|accessdate=October 3, 2011|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=October 3, 2011}}
9. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/06/24/marineland-owner-john-holer-has-died-at-83.html|title=Marineland owner John Holer has died at 83 |work=Toronto Star|publisher=}}
10. ^¹{{cite news|title=Niagara Exhibit plans call for big expansion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wkU_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=G1IMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4543,6167411&dq=niagara+marine-wonderland&hl=en|accessdate=October 3, 2011|newspaper=Windsor Star|date=August 28, 1970 |page=18 |author=Canadian Press}}