| 词条 | John Timoteo Baker | |||
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = John Timoteo Baker | image = John Timoteo Baker (PP-67-8-018).jpg | image_size = | caption = John Timoteo Baker in Western dress | office = Governor of Hawaii Island | term_start = February 8, 1892 | term_end = February 25, 1893 | monarch = Liliuokalani | predecessor = Ululani Lewai Baker | successor = | birth_date = 1852 | birth_place = Piʻihonua, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii | death_date = September 7, {{death year and age|1921|1852}} | death_place = Pauoa Valley, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii | death_cause = | resting_place = Homelani Memorial Park, Hilo | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = Kingdom of Hawaii United States | party = Hawaiian National | spouse = Ululani Lewai Baker | children = | parents = Adam C. Baker Luka Pruvia | relatives = | residence = | alma_mater = | occupation = Politician, businessman, rancher | religion = | signature = }} John Timoteo Baker, also given as John Tamatoa Baker, (1852 – September 7, 1921) was a Hawaiian politician, businessman, and rancher who served many political posts in the Kingdom of Hawaii, including Governor of the Island of Hawaii from 1892 to 1893. Baker and his brother became the models for the Kamehameha Statues. LifeBaker was born in 1852 at Piʻihonua, on the island of Hawaii, of part Hawaiian, Tahitian, and English descent. His parents were Adam C. Baker, an English sea captain, and Luka Pruvia, daughter of an early Tahitian missionary to Hawaii. His adopted brother was Robert Hoapili Baker.[1][2]{{#tag:ref|Different sources referred to them as brothers, half-brothers or referred to Hoapili as an adopted member of the Baker family.|group=note}} He married the High Chiefess Ululani Lewai Peleiōhōlani, who served as Governess of the Island of Hawaii from 1886 to 1888.[1] In 1879, Baker and his brother Robert Hoapili Baker became the model for the Kamehameha Statues by American sculptor Thomas Ridgeway Gould.[4] The statue was commissioned by King Kalākaua in honor of the centennial of James Cook's landing in the Hawaiian Islands. The original statue was cast in 1880 but lost at sea. A second cast was installed in 1883 at Aliʻiōlani Hale while the recovered original cast was installed at Kapaʻau, Kohala, the birthplace of Kamehameha I. According to Walter M. Gibson, "[t]he artist has copied closely the fine physique of [Robert] Hoapili [Baker]...and it presents a noble illustration and a correct type of superior Hawaiian manhood". Two photographs of John modeling as Kamehameha survive, one in its original form and another in the form of a composite photograph with the bare legs of a Hawaiian fisherman.[3] Political careerRunning as a member of the Hawaiian National Party, Baker was elected to the House of Representative, the lower house of the legislature of the kingdom. He sat in on the legislative assembly of 1886 and 1890. King Kalākaua appointed him as high sheriff of the Island of Hawaii in 1886 at the time of his wife's appointment as Governess. He also served as a member of the Privy Council of Kalākaua and his successor Queen Liliuokalani.[1][4][5] On March 14, 1891, he was appointed to the staff of Queen Liliuokalani and was elevated to the rank of Colonel.[6] The Royal Governorship of Hawaii Island held originally by his wife Ululani had been abolished by the legislature after the Bayonet Constitution. In 1892, Liliuokalani revived this political position and appointed Baker as Governor of the Island of Hawaii. He served from February 8, 1892 to February 25, 1893. After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, the Provisional Government of Hawaii passed an act abolishing the island governorships again; this act passed on February 27 and went into effect on February 28.[1][7] Baker was an anti-annexationist.[8] He became a successful cattle rancher and businessman in Hilo. He established Puʻu ʻŌʻō Ranch at Piʻihonua and at one time, raised six hundred head of cattle including some longhorns.[1][9] During the funeral ceremonies in 1917 for Queen Liliuokalani, he helped carry the former queen's crown jewels and orders during the funeral procession from Iolani Palace to her burial at Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii.[10] Baker died on September 7, 1921, at the residence of Elizabeth Booth, in the Pauoa Valley. He was buried at the Homelani Memorial Park in Hilo, Hawaii.[11][12] GalleryNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|Karpiel|1999|page=209}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Kekoolani|first=Dean|title=John Tamatao Baker (I) (Timothy)|work=Kekoolani Genealogy of the Descendants of the Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii|url=http://www.kekoolani.org/pages/kekoolani%20genealogy%20database%20(paf)/pafg28.htm#347|accessdate=May 29, 2012}} 3. ^1 {{harvnb|Adler|1969|pages=89, 98}}; {{harvnb|Bacchilega|2011|pages=96-97}}; {{harvnb|Rose|1988|pages=131–134}}; {{cite journal|last=Charlot|first=Jean|title=Letter To Jacob Adler On The Statue Of Kamehameha By Thomas R. Gould|date=July 1969|publisher=Jean Charlot Foundation|location=|url=http://www.jeancharlot.org/writings/english/1969%20JACOB%20ADLER.pdf}}; {{cite magazine|last=Dekneef|first=Matthew|title=Two Hawaiian Brothers Who Modeled For The Iconic Kamehameha Statue|magazine=Hawaiʻi Magazine|location=Honolulu|date=June 10, 2016|volume=|issue=|page=|url=http://www.hawaiimagazine.com/content/these-are-two-hawaiian-brothers-who-modeled-iconic-kamehameha-statue|accessdate=November 15, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Baker, John T. office record|work=state archives digital collections|publisher=state of Hawaii|url=http://archives1.dags.hawaii.gov/gsdl/collect/governme/import/import/Government%20Office%20Holders%20-%20Name%20IMJ/B/Baker,%20John%20T.jpg|accessdate=June 17, 2014}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Hawaii|Lydecker|1918|pages=156, 178}}; {{harvnb|Kuykendall|1967|page=271}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=By Authority|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=March 16, 1891|volume=|issue=|page=2|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1891-03-16/ed-1/seq-2/}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Newbury|2001|pages=16, 29–30}}; {{cite book|title=An Act To Abolish The Office Of Governor|work=Laws of His Majesty Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bMwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA101|date=August 23, 1888|publisher=Gazette Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|page=101}}; {{cite book|title=An Act To Establish A Governor On Each Of The Islands Of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii and Kauai|work=Laws of His Majesty Kalakaua, King of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7QwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA159|date=November 14, 1890|publisher=Gazette Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|pages=159–160}}; {{cite news|title=Local and General|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=February 9, 1892|volume=|issue=|page=3|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1892-02-09/ed-1/seq-3/}}; {{cite news|title=By Authority|newspaper=The Daily Bulletin|location=Honolulu|date=February 8, 1892|volume=|issue=|page=2|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/1892-02-08/ed-1/seq-2/}}; {{cite book|title=Act 19 – An Act to Repeal an Act Entitled 'An Act to Establish a Governor on Each of the Islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai'|work=Laws of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2i44AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA44|date=February 27, 1893|publisher=Robert Grieve, Steam Book And Job Printer|location=Honolulu|page=44}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Annexation in Kau|newspaper=The Daily Bulletin|location=Honolulu|date=June 17, 1893|volume=|issue=|page=2|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016412/1893-06-17/ed-1/seq-2/}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Langlas|first1=Charles|last2=Wolforth |first2=Thomas R.|last3=Head|first3=James|title=The Saddle Road Corridor: An Archaeological Inventory Survey and Traditional Cultural Property Study for the Hawai'i Defense Access Road A-AD-6(1) and Saddle Road (SR 200) Project |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZQ1AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA37|volume=|date=April 1999|publisher=|location=|page=37}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Hodges|1918|page=60}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Governor Baker Dies|newspaper=The Maui News|location=Wailuku|date=September 9, 1921|volume=|issue=|page=3|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014689/1921-09-09/ed-1/seq-3/}} 12. ^{{cite sign|title=Grave Marker of John Tamatoa Baker|type=|location=Hilo, Hawaii|institution=Homelani Memorial Park}} ReferencesCitations{{Reflist}}Bibliography
Further reading{{commons category}}
|-{{S-vac|last=Ululani Lewai Baker}}{{S-ttl|title=Governor of Hawaii Island|years=1892–1893}}{{S-non|reason=Position abolished}}{{s-end}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Baker, John Timoteo}} 11 : 1852 births|1921 deaths|Hawaiian nobility|Kingdom of Hawaii politicians|Governors of Hawaii (island)|Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii House of Representatives|Members of the Kingdom of Hawaii Privy Council|Businesspeople from Hawaii|Ranchers from Hawaii|Kingdom of Hawaii military officers|National Party (Hawaii) politicians |
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