| 词条 | John T. Mitchell |
| 释义 |
John Templeton Mitchell (1854–1914) was born in Scotland in 1854[1] and emigrated to the USA in 1875, where he settled in Chicago where he found employment as a bank clerk[2] and became a naturalised American citizen. He became interested in duplicate whist at the age of 34, in 1888, when he read of a duplicate match in his native Glasgow and was instrumental in the formation of the Chicago Duplicate Whist Club[3]. His name is synonymous with the Mitchell Movement used in many bridge clubs today. Whist developmentMitchell became known as the "Father of Duplicate Whist"[4] because of the movements of boards and players he designed for tournaments, a design included in his 1891 book on Duplicate Whist[5]. This relatively simple movement was refined in discussion with others during that decade in an attempt to truly compare skill at cards rather than pure chance[6]. His contemporary, E C Howell, developed a different system of movements for pairs in 1897[7]. J T Mitchell contributed to the original Whist Reference Book[8], and much to discussions on tactics of the game[9] and the Laws of Whist[10]. Mitchell was elected to the post of Treasurer of the American Whist League, at that time representing Chicago, Illinois[11] PublicationsSome books written by Mitchell have been republished in recent years[12]
Notes1. ^Caveat - an online search of [https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/search-our-records National Records of Scotland] has failed to come up with anyone of this name in birth or census (1861 or 1871) records of the time 2. ^Anderson & Crilly 3. ^The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge p695 4. ^[https://view.pagetiger.com/ssflksdfwq-er034werwerkpoweqorkop3ew234234234kfsdcmxzmcvmxzvmxczvorore/2010Feb/Thumbs/Page_1305080809001_0035-1180-0-0.jpg English Bridge] (Feb 2010) page 35 (EBU Archive) 5. ^Obscure Press 2009 6. ^Infobridge Italian Website 7. ^Butler page 206 8. ^Butler page ix 9. ^Butler page 6 10. ^Butler page 565 11. ^Butler page 566 12. ^[https://www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=books%3A+John+T+Mitchell%2Bwhist&rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Abooks%3A+John+T+Mitchell%2Bwhist Amazon] References{{Reflist}}Other sources
5 : 1914 deaths|1854 births|Scottish emigrants to the United States|People from Glasgow|People from Chicago |
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