| 词条 | John Verhoogen |
| 释义 |
Verhoogen became ill at age 17 from poliomyelitis, which caused him problems throughout the rest of his life. Nevertheless, he studied mining at the University of Brussels (Ingénieur des Mines, degree 1933) and engineering geology at the University of Liège (Ingénieur-Géologue, degree 1934). He then went to the USA, where he studied at the University of California, Berkeley under Howel Williams. In 1936 he received his doctorate in geology (with thesis Geology of Mt. St. Helens, Washington) from Stanford University, although most of the doctoral work was supervised by Williams at Berkeley. Verhoogen was then at the University of Brussels from 1936 to 1939. During the late 1930s and World War II, he was in the Belgian Congo, where he studied the volcano Nyamuragira and worked on the procurement of strategic mineral resources. From 1947 he was at the University of California, Berkeley, where he became a professor and remained until his retirement in 1976.[1] He was an early advocate of plate tectonics (according to his own words, because at Brussels his professor Paul Fourmarier was a vehement opponent of plate tectonics). In the 1950s, Verhoogen at Berkeley was responsible for the expansion of research in geochronology with isotopes and paleomagnetism. He was the coauthor of an influential textbook on petrology. He is known for the development of a theory of thermodynamics of the formation of rocks and application of thermodynamics on processes in the Earth's mantle and crust, establishing convection as the dominant mode of heat transfer.[1] {{quote|In 1961 he calculated the latent heat release associated with inner-core solidification and concluded it would indeed drive thermal convection in the outer core and, furthermore, could be a source of energy for generating Earth's magnetic field through dynamo action in the electrically conducting fluid outer core.[1]}}Verhoogen was elected in 1956 a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected 1970), the Royal Astronomical Society (elected 1950), the American Geophysical Union, and the Geological Society of America. In 1978 he received the Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship and in 1958 he received the Arthur L. Day Medal.[1] He was twice a Guggenheim Fellow (academic years 1953-1954 and 1960–1961)[2] and received the André Dumont Medal of the Belgian Geological Society. From 1951 to 1954 he was Vice President of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.[1] He was married to Ilse Goldschmidt, a native of Austria. He was predeceased by his wife and was survived by two sons, two daughters, and seven grandchildren. His doctoral students include Allan V. Cox and Richard Doell.[3] Selected publications
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|author=Olson, Peter L.|title=John Verhoogen 1912–1993, A Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences|year=2011|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/verhoogen-john.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=John Verhoogen|website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/john-verhoogen/}} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Bolt, Bruce A.|authorlink=Bruce Bolt|author2=Coe, Robert|author3=Doell, Richard R.|author4=Kittel, Charles|authorlink4=Charles Kittel|title=John Verhoogen (1912–1993)|website=Earth and Planetary Science, UC Berkeley|url=http://eps.berkeley.edu/content/john-verhoogen}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author=Gilluly, James|authorlink=James Gilluly|title=Review of The Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology by John Verhoogen, et al.|journal=The Journal of Geology|volume=79|issue=3|date=May 1971|pages=372–373|doi=10.1086/627631}} 5. ^{{cite journal|author=Presnall, Dean C.|title=Review of Igneous Petrology by Ian S. E. Carmichael, Francis T. Turner, and John Verhoogen|journal=American Mineralogist|year=1975|volume=60|pages=342–343|url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM60/AM60_342.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Thompson, Robert|title=Review of Igneous Petrology by Ian S. E. Carmichael, Francis T. Turner, and John Verhoogen|journal=New Scientist|pages=892–893|date=10 December 1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whwNQwSrTgEC&pg=PA892}} External links
14 : 20th-century geologists|Belgian geologists|Geophysicists|University of Liège alumni|Stanford University alumni|University of California, Berkeley faculty|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society|Fellows of the American Geophysical Union|Fellows of the Geological Society of America|Guggenheim Fellows|1912 births|1993 deaths |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。