| 词条 | Josef Afritsch |
| 释义 |
| name = Josef Aftrisch | image = JosefAfritsch-1955.jpg | caption = Josef Aftrisch ca. 1955 | image_size = | birth_name = | birth_date = 13 March 1901 | birth_place = Graz, Duchy of Styria, Austria-Hungary | death_date = 25 August 1964 (age 63) | death_place = | party = SPÖ | known_for = | alma_mater = | occupation =Horticulturalist Politician Minister of the Interior | parents = Anton Afritsch father | spouse = | predecessor = | successor = | children = }}Josef "Beppo" Afritsch (13 March 1901 - 25 August 1964) was an Austrian horticulturalist who became a politician (SPÖ). Between 1959 and 1963 he served as the country's Interior minister.[1][2] In 1964, just a few weeks before his sudden death, a rose was named after him, "Minister Afritsch".[3] LifeProvenance and early yearsJosef Afritsch was born at the start of the twentieth century in Graz, at that time the sixth largest city in Austria-Hungary. His father was the journalist and pioneering campaigner for child welfare, Anton Afritsch (1873-1924).[4] His brother, {{Interlanguage link multi|Viktor Afritsch|de}} (1906-1967), later came to prominence as a stage and movie actor. Afritsch underwent a conventional schooling, followed by three years at Horticultural Academy in Eisgrub, South Moravia.[4] In 1923[4] or 1926[1] he joined the city of Vienna's Parks and Gardens service,[4] which he helped to rebuild in the chaotic aftermath of war. Here he organised the city's official Plant Protection Service ("Pflanzenschutzdienst ")[5] PoliticsIn parallel with his work for the Parks Department he worked as an official of the Social Democratic Party.[4] After the bloody streets fights of February 1934, until 1938 Afritsch was an active participant in the welfare activities of the "Society of Friends". Tasks included the distribution of donations received from Great Britain and the United States to working class Viennese families who had fallen into penury through loss of family income caused by the death, injury or detention of the family wage earner.[6] In 1938, a few months after the incorporation of Austria into Nazi Germany, it was Josef Afritsch who applied trades union funds to obtain a ticket on Lufthansa's inaugural scheduled flight from Vienna to Berlin for Bruno Kreisky, the future Federal Chancellor, who both as a SPÖ activist and as a Jew had repeatedly fallen foul of the pro-Nazi government since 1934.[12] From Berlin Kreisky was able to fly on to Denmark and then to Sweden where he spent the next eight years in political exile.[7] In 1942 he was relieved of his public service duties and arrested.[14] Ten months in prison ("Kerker") ensued, followed by two years in a penitentiary ("Zuchthaus").[8] After the warBetween 1945 and 1959 Afritsch was a member of the Vienna City Council and a member of the Vienna Regional Legislature (Landtag).[8] In 1946 he was formally elected to the City Office for General Administrative Matters, an office to which he had been appointed the previous year under the conditions of military occupation. He continued in this position for a long time, acquiring a deep knowledge of various aspects of city administration, and taking care of the naturalisation of tens of thousands of ethnic Germans displaced by the ethnic cleansing that was a feature of the postwar settlement.[1] In 1951 he was appointed Director of the City Parks and Gardens, but he was immediately sent on leave in order that he might continue his existing administrative responsibilities for the city authorities.[7] In July 1959 he was appointed Austria's Interior minister in the Grand Coalition government led by Chancellor Raab (ÖVP),[9] in 1961 retaining the position, under Chancellor Gorbach (ÖVP), till 1963.[10] Between 14 December 1962 and 25 August 1965 he sat as a member of the Austrian parliament ("Nationalrat").[11] His final government post was as the Government Commissioner for the Vienna International Garden festival which was held in the Danube Park (as it has been called since that time) between 16 April and 11 October 1964. It was during the festival, on 9 July, that the "Minister Afritsch" rose, named in his honour, was presented.[12] Josef Afritsch died suddenly, just a few weeks later, on 25 August.[12] Awards and honours
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://beta.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Josef+Afritsch/0/8880.html|title= Josef Afritsch: österreichischer Politiker |publisher=Munzinger-Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg|accessdate=29 April 2016}} {{Interior Ministers of Austria}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Afritsch, Josef}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/1961/12/05/archive/anti-semitic-student-organization-dissolved-in-austria-was-neo-nazi|title=Anti-semitic Student Organization Dissolved in Austria; Was Neo-nazi|date=5 December 1961|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |accessdate=29 April 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ruze.wi.cz/de/minister-afritsch.html|title=Minister Afritsch|work=Růže v ČR, jejich popis a fotografie| accessdate=29 April 2016}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.wien.gv.at/wiki/index.php/Josef_Afritsch|title=Josef Afritsch|work="Wien Geschichte Wiki"|date=29 March 2016|publisher=Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchiv |accessdate=30 April 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Afritsch, Josef|work=Ehrengrab auf dem Zentralfriedhof (Gr. 14C/23) (This detail comes from data archived at Vienna's vast "Central" Cemetery where he is buried in an area reserved for the corpses of the eminent.)|publisher=This source is based on Österreich-Lexikon, E. Bruckmüller, Verlagsgemeinschaft Österreich-Lexikon, 2004 (3 vols.), and reproduced online by Graz University of Technology (i.A. "Austria Forum")|url=http://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Afritsch%2C_Josef/Afritsch%2C_Josef_english| accessdate=30 April 2016}} 6. ^ {{cite book|author1=Susanne Miller (author)|title=So würde ich noch einmal leben. Erinnerungen|author2=Antje Dertinger (introduction) |publisher= Dietz, Bonn |date=2005 | isbn= 978-3-8012-0351-1 }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|page=165|author=Maria Wirth|work=Christian Broda - eine politische Biographie| url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FvMHBZ_QfUwC&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165| title=Aufstieg und Funktionen in der SPÖ|publisher= V&R Presse (Universität Wien)| date=2011| isbn=978-3-89971-829-4}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web| url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/WWER/PAD_00022/index.shtml|title=Josef Afritsch - Überblick|date=2 January 1990| publisher=Republik Österreich, Parlamentsdirektion, Wien|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/IX/WD/WD_00002/imfname_263862.pdf|title=Mitglieder der Bundesregierung und Staatssekretäre |page=9|work=Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates - I. Band: Personenregister - A. Bundesregierung, Staatssekretäre, Präsident und Vizepräsident des Rechnungshofes sowie Volksanwälte | publisher =Republik Österreich, Parlamentsdirektion, Wien|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/X/WD/WD_00336/imfname_236960.pdf | title =Mitglieder der Bundesregierung und Staatssekretäre |page=9|work=Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates - I. Band: Personenregister - A. Bundesregierung, Staatssekretäre, Präsident und Vizepräsident des Rechnungshofes sowie Volksanwälte | publisher=Republik Österreich, Parlamentsdirektion, Wien| accessdate=30 April 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/X/WD/WD_00336/imfname_261745.pdf|work=B. Nationalrat und Bundesrat |title =1. Mitglieder des Nationalrates |page=65| publisher=Republik Österreich, Parlamentsdirektion, Wien|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=71. Minister Afritsch, Minister Afritzsch, Tantau (DE) 1964 Floribunda rot kein Duft |url=http://www.welt-der-rosen.de/duftrosen/rosen_mi.htm|publisher= Wolfgang Brandt u. Maria Mail-Brandt i.A. Welt der Rosen|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf |title=Aufstellung aller durch den Bundespräsidenten verliehenen Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ab 1952|date=23 April 2012|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 14. ^Bayer. Staatskanzlei, R. Peter, correspondence 21 March 2007 9 : 1901 births|1964 deaths|People from Graz|People from the Duchy of Styria|Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians|Interior Ministers of Austria|Members of the National Council (Austria)|Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria|Recipients of the Bavarian Order of Merit |
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