“Joseph Apukai Akina”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Joseph Apukai Akina (June 15, 1856 – March 16, 1920) was a lawyer, politician and minister of the Kingdom of Hawaii and later Territory of Hawaii. He served as a statesman during the reign of Queen Liliʻuokalani and later became the first Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature.

Early life and family

Akina was born on June 15, 1856, of Native Hawaiian and Chinese{{which|date=September 2017}} descent.^[1]{{sfn|Williams|2015|page=25}} He resided on Waimea, on the island of Kauai, where he started his career as a lawyer.{{sfn|Williams|2015|page=25}}{{sfn|Ritter|Wakelyn|1989|page=5}} He was recorded as "one of the best versed Hawaiian scholars".{{sfn|Williams|2015|page=25}}

He married twice. With his first wife, a native Hawaiian woman, he had three children including Mrs. Chris Johnson, Lillian Keaki Kawai Akina (born December 25, 1885), who married William Volney Hardy, and Edwin Hiku Akina, chief quartermaster at Camp Dewey in Brooklyn, New York. With his second wife, he had three other children.^[1]{{sfn|Hardy|1967|page=162}}{{sfn|Siddall|1921|pages=183–185}}

Political career

In the election of 1892, Akina was elected as a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Hawaiian legislature, for his home district of Waimea, Kauai. He ran as candidate for the Reform Party, which was dominated by the conservatives parts of the government, and defeated National Liberal candidate E. L. Kauai and Independent candidate A. P. Kalaukoa for the seat, but the Blount Report later listed him as a member of the National Liberal party.^[1]

From May 28, 1892 to January 14, 1893, the legislature of the Kingdom convened for an unprecedented 171 days, which later historian Albertine Loomis dubbed the "Longest Legislature".^[2] This session was characterized by a series of resolutions of want of confidence ousting a number of Queen Liliʻuokalani's appointed cabinet ministers and debates over the passage of the controversial lottery and opium bills.{{sfn|Kuykendall|1967|pages=543–545, 549–559}} The monarchy was overthrown and the Queen deposed soon after the commencement of the 1892–93 session.{{sfn|Ritter|Wakelyn|1989|page=5}}{{sfn|Loomis|1963|pages=25–26}} He became a delegate of Kauai for the Hui Aloha ʻĀina (Hawaiian Patriotic League), a patriotic group founded to protest the attempt of Hawaiian annexation to the United States, and was one of the Kauai island delegates to Honolulu. This organization represented the case of the monarchy and the Hawaiian people to the United States Commissioner James Henderson Blount who was sent by President Grover Cleveland to investigate the overthrow.^[3]

After the establishment of the Territory of Hawaii, Akina became a member of the Home Rule Party which consisted of former royalists and Native Hawaiian leaders during the monarchy such as Robert William Wilcox who was elected the first Congressional Delegate from Hawaii under the Home Rule ticket. In 1901, Akina was elected to the inaugural Territorial Legislature established after the Hawaiian Organic Act as a Representative from the Sixth District.{{sfn|Williams|2015|page=25}}{{sfn|Hawaii|Lydecker|1918|pages=263, 265}}^[4]

He presided as the first Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature while Frederick William Kahapula Beckley Jr. was Vice-Speaker.{{sfn|Ritter|Wakelyn|1989|page=5}}{{sfn|Hawaii|Lydecker|1918|pages=263, 265}}

Later life and death

After his political career, Akina was ordained as a pastor on June 7, 1908. He preached in the Waimea and Hanapepe area and was a minister for the Hawaiian church at Waimea.^[5] It was reported: "His ability and intelligence, as well as fertility of resource, will add much to the Kauai ministry."^[6]

In 1918, he resigned his pastorship of the Waimea Church and moved to Honolulu to enter business.^[7] On March 16, 1919, he was appointed to the Territorial Board of Health as a herb specialist to keep records on the use and practice of traditional Hawaiian herbal medicine and served in this post until his death.^[8]

Akina died at his home in the neighborhood of Kalihi on March 16, 1920. He was buried at the cemetery of the Kawaiahaʻo Church.^[9]{{sfn|Ritter|Wakelyn|1989|page=5}}^[10] Akina Street in Kalihi, Honolulu is named after him.{{sfn|Pukui|Elbert|Mookini|1974|page=8}}

References

1. ^{{harvnb|Hawaii|Lydecker|1918|page=182}}; {{harvnb|Blount|1895|page=1138}}; {{cite news|title=List Of Candidates|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=February 3, 1892|volume=|issue=|page=4|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1892-02-03/ed-1/seq-4/}}; {{cite news|title=Legislature Of 1892|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=February 26, 1892|volume=|issue=|page=1|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1892-02-26/ed-1/seq-1/}}
2. ^{{harvnb|Loomis|1963|pages=7–27}}
3. ^{{harvnb|Blount|1895|pages=504, 1294–1298}}; {{cite news|title=The Patriotic League – Assembling Of Its Convention To-Day – Several Noted Kahunas on Hand – A Call on the ex-Queen – Proceedings up to Date|newspaper=The Hawaiian Star|location=Honolulu|date=May 1, 1893|volume=|issue=|page=5|url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015415/1893-05-01/ed-1/seq-5/}}; {{cite news|title=Patriotic Leaguers – They Determine On Secret Actions – A Demand for the Restoration of the Monarchy Favored|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=May 2, 1893|volume=|issue=|page=5|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85047084/1893-05-02/ed-1/seq-5/}}; {{cite news|title=Patriotic Leaguers – They Determine On Secret Actions – A Demand for the Restoration of the Monarchy Favored|newspaper=The Hawaiian Gazette|location=Honolulu|date=May 9, 1893|volume=|issue=|page=7|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025121/1893-05-09/ed-1/seq-7/}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Akina, Joseph A. office record|work=state archives digital collections|publisher=state of Hawaii|archive-url=|archivedate=|url=https://digitalcollections.hawaii.gov/greenstone3/sites/localsite/collect/governm1/index/assoc/HASH90bf.dir/doc.pdf|deadurl=no|accessdate=February 3, 2017}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Ninety-First Annual Report Of The Hawaiian Evangelical Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlevKn5pab8C&pg=PA378|year=1913|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|pages=378}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=Eighty-Sixth Annual Report Of The Hawaiian Evangelical Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wRNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA87|year=1908|pages=87, 90–91|author1=Association|first1=Hawaiian Evangelical}}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Ninety-Sixth Annual Report Of The Hawaiian Evangelical Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4wzAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA10|year=1918|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|pages=22, 24}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Hawaii. Board of Health|title=Report Of The President Of The Board of Health Of The Territory of Hawaii For Twelve Months Endded June 30, 1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnVLAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4|year=1921|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|oclc=1695261|pages=4–5}}
9. ^¹²{{cite news|title=First Speaker of Legislature Dies – Rev. Joseph Apukai Akina Succumbs Following Illness of Several Weeks|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=1920|volume=|issue=|page=|url=}}
10. ^{{cite book|last=Judd|first=Henry P.|title=Giving Glory Unto the Lord Annual Report of Henry P. Judd, Corresponding Secretary|work=Ninety-Eighth Annual Report Of The Hawaiian Evangelical Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4wzAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA108|year=1920|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|page=20}}

Early life and family

Political career

Later life and death

References

Bibliography