| 词条 | Joseph Gelson Gregson |
| 释义 |
Joseph Gelson Gregson (1835–1909) was an English Baptist missionary to the Indian sub-continent during the British Raj. As a British Indian Army chaplain, he worked hard to achieve total abstinence from alcohol among British Indian Army soldiers, his major achievement being the Soldiers Total Abstinence Association (STAA) that he founded in 1862 and was recognized for its military value. He played a major role during 1896 in the formation of the Kerala Brethren church in Kerala, South India. Through his preachings at Lonavla in 1895, he brought about the spiritual awakening of the social reformer Pandita Ramabai. He used to preach at major, large-scale Christian spiritual gatherings such as Maramon Convention in Kerala and Keswick Convention in Cumbria, North West England. Early lifeGregson was baptized at the now defunct St. Luke's, London, Finsbury (a former Anglican parish).[1] Later, he became a member of Baptist Church, ordained as a minister and chose to become a missionary to India.[1] After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was concluded, he was sent to India to serve as a missionary of Baptist Missionary Society[2] during 1858 to 1869 and was mainly stationed at Agra.[1][3] On 26 December 1861, he married Mary Anne, eldest daughter of N Brice, at Dinapore Cantonment while he was based in Monghyr (Munger, Bihar).[4][5][6] Early ministry and Indian army chaplaincyGregson had served in British India as an Army Chaplain and he worked hard to realize total abstinence from alcohol among soldiers of British Indian Army. In 1862, he founded the Soldiers Total Abstinence Association (STAA).[7][1] Under Gregson's leadership, the STAA grew in importance by absorbing regimental temperance societies. One military admirer described him The Apostle of Temperance in the British Army.[8] He observed, in 1886, that "To such an extent has it prevailed, that the heathen regard the use of intoxicating liquor as a sign of a Christian."[9] In 1873, due to Gregson's hard work during his stay as a missionary at Agra, the Havelock Memorial Chapel at Agra was constructed in memory of Henry Havelock, who had founded the first Baptist Chapel of Agra in 1832.[10][11] From 1879 to 1886, Gregson served as the pastor of Union Church, Mussoorie (that was officially established in 1869). During this period, he ensured regular Sunday School classes, mid-week Bible reading meetings at homes. He also organized regular meetings at the Soldiers' Institute in nearby cantonment town of Landour and at the Woodstock School there.[12] Return to EnglandGregson belonged to the Elm Grove Baptist Church[13] and after completing his service in India, Gregson retired to Southsea by 1886.[9] Gregson addressed the Keswick Convention of North England in 1886.[9] Although a Baptist, he chose to be a part of the Keswick Evangelist team because of their swing to Modernism.[14] In 1892, Gregson assumed the leadership of the Soldier's Institute at Portsmouth from its founder Sarah Robinson aka soldier's friend.[15][16] However, he could hold this responsibility only for two years and his friend Sidney Smith had to take over in 1894, as Gregson was once again travelling to India.[15] Visits to South Africa, Ceylon and IndiaIn 1894, as an ex-Indian Army Chaplain, he left England once again to visit South Africa, Ceylon, and India.[17] In 1894, Gregson visited South Africa during a time when John Murray, Keswick and Higher Life leader, was ministering there. In 1895, Gregson held special mission services in Bombay.[18] In April 1895, Gregson preached again at the Lanouli camp (an old Methodists camp with tents, located at Lanouli or Lanowli known as Lonavla today, and renovated in 1893 [19]). It was during this particular meeting at Lanouli camp, where Pandita Ramabai, the famous Indian social reformer (who had already become a Christian in 1887), experienced a deep spiritual awakening and professed to have been touched by the Holy Spirit.[18] After this meeting, she and her friend together had a conversation with Gregson where she asked several questions which he answered based on the Biblical Scripture much to the satisfaction of Ramabai. This encounter with Gregson, an active promoter of the Keswick spirituality, inspired Ramabai to attend and address the Keswick Convention during a return journey back from the USA to India.[18] Visit to KeralaIn 1896, Gregson visited Kerala and during February 1897, spoke at the Maramon Convention, which is regarded as the largest Christian convention in Asia.[28][20][21] Although a Baptist preacher, he was sympathetic to the Plymouth Brethren perspective and helped the local Christians to establish the first Brethren Assembly in the central Travancore kingdom (now Kerala).[21][14] His visit to Kerala was organised by C. P. Thomas from Ayroor, a village near Kumbanad in Central Travancore.[14] Gregson held many talks and classes with the priests and laymen within the Mar Thoma Church, after obtaining approval from the Malankara Metropolitan. Due to his preaching, many felt assured of receiving salvation. Gregson organized a month-long Bible course based on Paul the Apostle's Epistles to the Colossians and Romans.[28][22] As a Baptist preacher, he also discussed Baptism as an important subject in his talks.[22][23] As a result of his activity, few priests and laymen had decided to receive Adult Baptism, even though they were already baptized as children. These actions were not acceptable to the Mar Thoma church's traditional teachings and therefore, many Mar Thoma Church leaders became infuriated and banned Gregson from ministering in the Church.[14] Although Gregson had to leave, as an indirect result of his mission work, in 1897, the vicar of Kumbanad and Eraviperoor Mar Thoma Churches, P E Mammen (Kumbanattachen), received baptism from Handley Bird,[24] a Brethren missionary, at Kunnamkulam.[23][21] Eventually, his ministry led to the establishment of Brethren movement, supported by Volbrecht Nagel who celebrated the Holy Supper on 19 March 1899 at Kunnamkulam.[14][23][21] DeathHe died at Totnes, Devon County in 1909 at the age of 73.[1][25][26] BooksGregson authored a number of works[27] across three decades:
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx8cDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|title=Lives Beyond Baker Street: A Biographical Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes's Contemporaries|last=Redmond|first=Christopher|date=2016-12-19|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=9781780929071|language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gregson, Joseph Gelson}}2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/indianmissionar00badlgoog|title=Indian Missionary Directory and Memorial Volume|last=Brenton Hamline Badley|date=1876|publisher=Trubner and co.|others=New York Public Library|language=English}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=1110935|title=FIBIS Database: Indian Missionary Directory and Memorial Volume 1881|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-04}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=797097|title=FIBIS Database: Marriages as reported in 'Domestic Occurrences' in the Times of India 1862 Edition|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-04}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=1254926|title=FIBIS Database: Allens Indian Mail - All India Marriages 1862|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-05}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://search.fibis.org/frontis/bin/aps_detail.php?id=224685|title=FIBIS Database: Registry Office Marriage Index 1852-1911|website=search.fibis.org|access-date=2018-01-05}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=May 6, 1871|title=From a Lance-Corporal in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltNOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA271&q=joseph+gelson+gregson|journal=The Temperance Record|volume=787|pages=271|via=}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Snape|first1=Michael|title=The Redcoat and Religion: The Forgotten History of the British Soldier from the Age of Marlborough to the Eve of the First World War|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136007422|pages=114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygPtKUZvn3gC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=%22gregson%22#v=onepage&q=%22gregson%22&f=false|accessdate=29 December 2017|language=en}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Ellison|first1=H. J.|title=Twenty-five years of church temperance work : a retrospect and a new departure : a letter to His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury|date=1886|publisher=London : Church of England Temperance Publication Depot Society, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.|pages=22–23|url=https://archive.org/details/twentyfiveyearso00elli?q=gelson+gregson}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffbkp8zbRx8C&pg=SA1875-PA148|title='The' Illustrated London News|date=1875|publisher=Elm House|language=en}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.colonialwalkagra.com/cantt-colonial-walk.php|title=Colonial Walks Agra|website=www.colonialwalkagra.com|access-date=2018-01-08}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://unionchurchmussoorie.org|title=Early History: The Union Church, Mussoorie and Landour|website=unionchurchmussoorie.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003114746/http://unionchurchmussoorie.org:80/history|archive-date=2016-10-03}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=http://archiseek.com/2012/1879-elm-grove-baptist-church-southsea-hampshire/|title=1879 - Elm Grove Baptist Church, Southsea, Hampshire - Architecture of Hampshire - Archiseek - Irish Architecture|date=2012-05-10|work=Archiseek - Irish Architecture|access-date=2018-01-05|language=en-US}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Trivandrum Gospel Hall: Brethren Assembly, Kunnukuzhy, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India: History|url=http://www.trivandrumgospelhall.org.in/index.php/aboutus/history|website=www.trivandrumgospelhall.org.in|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 15. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MvuBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=Scandal, Salvation and Suffrage: The Amazing Women of the Temperance Movement|last=Black|first=Ros|date=2015-03-28|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|isbn=9781784621704|language=en}} 16. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nX5sAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|title=Woman's Mission: A Series of Congress Papers on the Philanthropic Work of Women by Eminent Writers|last=Burdett-Coutts|first=Angela Georgina|date=2013-08-22|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108057349|language=en}} 17. ^{{cite book|last1=Harford|first1=Charles F.|title=The Keswick convention|date=1931|publisher=Marshall Brothers, Keswick House|location=London|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73aSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA148|accessdate=29 December 2017|language=en}} 18. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Ornelas|first=Marco|date=2016-01-01|title=Speaking-in-Tongues as Kriya: The Hindu Connection|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315545738_Speaking-in-Tongues_as_Kriya_The_Hindu_Connection}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmalliance.org/resources/archives/downloads/indiapdf/IA-1894-05.pdf|title=The India Alliance. VOL. I May, 1894. No. 4|website=www.cmalliance.org|access-date=2017-12-29}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.puthuppallybrethren.org/what-we-believe/-brethren|title=Brethren in India|website=www.puthuppallybrethren.org|access-date=2017-12-30}} 21. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mv7YAAAAMAAJ|title=Saint Thomas and the Syrian Churches of India|last=Koshy|first=Rev K. V.|date=1999-01-01|publisher=ISPCK|isbn=9788172144951|language=en}} 22. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPEWAAAAIAAJ|title=Turning the world upside down: a century of missionary endeavour: a record|last=Stunt|first=W. T.|date=1972|publisher=Upperton Press [for] Echoes of service|language=en}} 23. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/157184070/Pentecostal-Churches-in-Kerala-01-04-11|title=Pentecostal Churches in Kerala and Indigenous Leadership|last=K.A.|first=Ipe|publisher=Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK), Kashmere Gate, Delhi|year=2011|isbn=|location=Delhi|pages=14}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-hhb|title=Papers of Handley Bird|work=Archives Hub, University of Manchester Library|access-date=2017-12-30}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?r=121420853:1214&d=bmd_1513933595|title=FreeBMD Entry Info: Deaths Mar 1909|website=www.freebmd.org.uk|access-date=2018-01-05}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2JS1-3PM|title=England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2007, England & Wales Deaths, 1837-2006|date=31 December 2014|website=FamilySearch|volume=5B|pages=119}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=[WorldCat.org] Books by J Gelson Gregson|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AGregson%2C+J.+Gelson.&qt=hot_author|website=www.worldcat.org|accessdate=29 December 2017|language=en}} 28. ^{{Cite journal|last=Gelson|first=Gregson, Rev. J.|date=1883|title=Through the Khyber Pass to Sherpore Camp, Cabul. An account of Temperance Work among our soldiers in the Cabul Field Force|url=https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/113/|language=en}} 4 : Baptist missionaries in India|English temperance activists|1835 births|1909 deaths |
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