| 词条 | Joseph Poliakoff |
| 释义 |
| name = Joseph Poliakoff | native_name = Иосиф Лазаревич Поляков | native_name_lang = ru | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Iosif Lazarevich Polyakov | birth_date = 24 April 1873[1] | birth_place = Kremenchuk, Ukraine, Russian Empire | death_date = 24 November 1959 (aged 86)[2] | death_place = London, England | death_cause = | restingplace = | nationality = British | residence = | education = | alma mater = | occupation = Telephone and sound Engineer and Inventor | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | known for = Founder of Multitone Electronics | boards = | salary = | networth = | spouse = Flora Shabbat | children = Alexander Poliakoff | parents = Lazar Polyakov | relations = Sir Martyn Poliakoff (grandson) Stephen Poliakoff (grandson) | website = }} Joseph Lazarevich Poliakoff ({{lang-ru|Ио́сиф Ла́заревич Поляко́в }}; 24 April 1873 – 24 November 1959) was a Russian-born British telephone and sound engineer and inventor, particularly of hearing aids.[3] Poliakoff was a Russian Jew who experienced first-hand the communist revolution in Russia from the family's Moscow flat across from the Kremlin.[4] Near starvation after the revolution, he was given a government job as a district telephone inspector from an admiring commissar and he helped build Moscow's first automatic telephone exchange.[4] He then fled with his family from the newly Stalinist Soviet Union to the UK in 1924.[5][6] Poliakoff was a renowned inventor of electrical devices[7] whose many inventions included a selenium photograph telephony shutter in 1899 (US patent 700,100, 26 August 1901),[8][9] which, along with electrical sound amplification, allowed for synchronized audio on film, the radio volume control, a magnetic induction loop that allowed hearing-impaired people to hear in auditoriums or theatres,[10][11] and the paging beeper.[12] He also founded the Multitone Electric Company of London, England in 1931 that produced hearing aid devices,[13] with their most prestigious client being Winston Churchill.[12] Poliakoff was managing director until 1938.[3] He married Flora Shabbat, a granddaughter of a textile millionaire.[14] His son, Alexander Poliakoff (1910–1996) was chairman of Multitone Electronics for over 40 years,[14] and his grandsons are the chemist Sir Martyn Poliakoff and the dramatist/director Stephen Poliakoff. References1. ^1939 England and Wales Register {{DEFAULTSORT:Poliakoff, Joseph}}{{Engineer-stub}}{{Scientist-stub}}2. ^England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, 1973-1995 3. ^1 {{cite web|author=ProQuest |url=http://search.proquest.com/openview/9fdbc84dd180324fadbc464c8840e67f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2041196 |title=Obituary: JOSEPH POLIAKOFF - ProQuest |publisher=Search.proquest.com |date=2 January 1960 |accessdate=12 April 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/may/28/theatre.culture|title=Ringside at the revolution|first=Stephen|last=Poliakoff|date=28 May 2008|publisher=|via=The Guardian}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/nov/28/stephen-poliakoff-interview-nicholas-wroe|title=A life in drama: Stephen Poliakoff|first=Nicholas|last=Wroe|date=27 November 2009|publisher=|via=The Guardian}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TlCHxp2MpeoC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=joseph+poliakoff+inventor#v=onepage&q=joseph%20poliakoff%20inventor&f=false |title=New Scientist |page=97 |website=Books.google.com |date=12 January 1978 |accessdate=5 December 2016|author1=Information |first1=Reed Business }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYvEnAvouVA|title=Geissler Tubes – Periodic Table of Videos|first=|last=Periodic Videos|date=27 October 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}} 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=tZNVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA382&lpg=PA382&dq=joseph+poliakoff+inventor#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Western Electrician |page=382 |website=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=5 December 2016|year=1902 }} 9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ntlQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA299&lpg=PA299&dq=joseph+poliakoff+inventor#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Electrical World and Engineer |page=299 |website=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=5 December 2016|year=1901 }} 10. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://hearinghealthmatters.org/hearinginternational/2011/induction-loops-around-the-world-where-are-we-part-i/ |title=Induction Loops Around the World Where are we? – Part I–Robert Traynor–Hearing International |website=Hearinghealthmatters.org |date=29 November 2011 |accessdate=5 December 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/patents/US2252641 |title=Patent US2252641 – Method of and apparatus for the transmission of speech and other sounds - Google Patents |website=Google.com |date= |accessdate=5 December 2016}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Garvey |first=Alison |url=http://mccinternational.blogspot.com/2011/05/multitone-inventor-of-first-paging.html |title=Marketing Content Company: Multitone, the inventor of the first paging system celebrates its 80th birthday today |website=Mccinternational.blogspot.com |date=9 May 2011 |accessdate=5 December 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hearingaidmuseum.com/gallery/General_Info/HACompanies/generalinfo-tcoils.htm |title=History of T-Coils—General Information |website=Hearingaidmuseum.com |date= |accessdate=5 December 2016}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|author=Jeanne Vronskaya |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-alexander-poliakoff-1331350.html |title=Obituary: Alexander Poliakoff |publisher=The Independent |date= 30 July 1996 |accessdate=11 April 2017}} 5 : 1873 births|1959 deaths|Poliakoff family|Russian Jews|Imperial Russian emigrants to the United Kingdom |
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