“3-5-8”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

3-5-8

释义

Preliminaries
First deal and exchange Play Targets and scoring Subsequent deals and exchanges
Variations
Optional 3-5-8 rules Optional Woburn rules Sergeant Major alternate 6-3-8 9-5-2 9-5-2 Variation 3-5-9 University High School 9-5-3 variation using single card kitty
See also
References
External links

3-5-8, also known as Sergeant Major for its popularity among members of the Royal Air Force, is a trick-taking card game for 3 players, using a standard 52 card deck. 3-5-8 may be played as a gambling game, or not, and there are many variations with names like "8-5-3" and "9-5-2" played throughout the world. The version "9-5-3 variation with no kitty" was played in the Royal Navy over fifty years ago, when fellow crew would sit around to continue their game from the previous night.

Preliminaries

3 players use a 52-card deck. The object is to win as many tricks as possible, ultimately 12 in a single deal to win the game. When a player wins 12 or more tricks in one hand, he or she wins the game.

First deal and exchange

Draw cards to determine the first dealer and deal 16 cards to each player, the 4 remaining cards are placed on the table to form a kitty. Dealer names a suit as trump and discards 4 cards from his or her hand before replacing them with the kitty. Some groups allow the dealer to pick up the kitty and add it to his or her hand before discarding any 4 cards of the 20 he or she now has.

Play

Eldest hand leads any card to the first trick and play moves clockwise with each player following suit, or playing any card if unable to follow suit. Each trick is won by the highest trump, or by the highest card of the suit led if no trump card was played to the trick. The winner of each trick leads to the next.

Targets and scoring

Each player has a minimum number of tricks called a target. Targets are determined by each player's seat for that hand as follows:

Eldest hand: 5
Middle hand: 3
Dealer: 8

After all 16 tricks have been played, scores and targets are compared and players who won more tricks than their target are UP by the number of excess tricks, while players who fell short of their target are DOWN by a number of tricks. If players are gambling, up players receive one stake per excess trick won, paid by down player who will have lost by the same number of tricks.

Subsequent deals and exchanges

Deal and targets are passed to the left and the new dealer deals the cards out as before, only now there is an exchange of cards before dealer names trump:

Each player who was up on the previous hand gives one unwanted card per overtrick to a player who was down, and that player must return the highest card or cards that they hold of the same suit or suits. Players receiving cards in suits that they do not have or in a suit which they can not provide a higher card for, simply return those cards to the issuer instead of making an exchange. This is done without declaring any suits or revealing any cards.
If two players were up, the player with the higher target for the hand about to be played, gets to exchange the cards first, and if he is to exchange cards with two players who were down, then he exchanges with the player who has the lowest target first.
After this exchange is complete, dealer names trumps, discards four cards and takes the kitty as before.
If the dealer was down in the previous round and gave away the highest card of a suit, but then picks up one or more higher cards of that same suit, these high cards must be shown privately to players who traded cards in that suit.

Play and scoring continues as above. As the game proceeds, a players target moves up, i.e., 3, 5 then 8 and back to three and so on.

Variations

Optional 3-5-8 rules

Any of the following rules may be incorporated in a normal game of 3-5-8:

Dealer picks up the kitty and then discards instead of discarding before picking up.
Game goes on until someone takes all sixteen tricks making for an extremely long game.
Game proceeds until someone scores five more tricks than their target, rather than twelve tricks which only the dealer (target 8, who calls trumps) would otherwise be likely to win. This makes it easier for the eldest (target 5) or especially the middle (target 3) hands to win and end the game in any round, and slightly harder for the dealer. A common ending is the dealer managing to go "up" and then winning (going "out") next round on the middle hand.

Optional Woburn rules

Two optional rules were created to try to balance the game. These rules were used at Woburn Collegiate Institute in the early 90s.

First round bidding: The dealer position is determined by the players bidding on the number of tricks they plan on getting if that player was the dealer. Bids must be at least eight tricks. Bidding starts with the dealer of the first hand and goes clockwise. Once all players have passed, the player who bid the highest becomes dealer for the first round and play continues as normal. If all players passed, then the hand is re-dealt with the deal being passed clockwise. To balance out the trick quota, the number of tricks that the other two positions need to get would be reduced as follows: 8-5-3, 9-4-3, 10-4-2, 11-3-2, 12-2-2, 13-2-1, 14-1-1, 15-1-0, 16-0-0.
Maximum bleed: Card exchanges are limited to a maximum of three cards. Priority for starting the exchange went to the player who needed to collect more tricks, which is the same order that card exchanges are made. Once a player has exchanged three cards, no more cards are exchanged with that person. e.g. If the 8 position was +2 and the 5 position was +2, and the 3 position was - 4, then the 8 position would exchange two cards with the 3 position, and then the 5 position would only exchange one card. If there is more than one recipient of the exchange, the priority is reversed. e.g. If the 8 position was +4 and both the 5 and 3 positions were -2, then the 8 position would exchange one card with the 5 position and two cards with the 3 position.

Sergeant Major alternate

Played as previous with 3-5-8 hands and a 4 card pot but with the exception that no cards are swapped should a player be down a set at the end of each round. Instead a running total is kept, so if you are on a 3 hand and win 6 sets then you have scored +3, if you are on a 5 hand and get 4 then you have scored -1.

8 Hand must win a minimum of 8 sets
5 Hand must win a minimum of 5 sets
3 Hand must win a minimum of 3 sets

Anything over your minimum is a plus score and everything under your minimum is a minus score; 1 point per set. However, there is an additional change in that you can only make one call of each type. The calls that the 8 hand can make are Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades, No Trumps (NT) and Miz.

No Trumps, like the name suggests, the highest card wins providing it follows suite as the first card laid. So if 5 of Hearts is laid first followed by King of Clubs and then 10 of Hearts, the 10 of Hearts wins.

In a Miz call, the aim is to lose all your hands in this round and the amount you must win is now the maximum you can win without losing points.

Changes to positions for a Miz:

8 Hand can win a maximum of 3 sets
5 Hand can win a maximum of 5 sets
3 Hand can win a maximum of 8 sets

If a player wins under their maximum then this is a plus score and if they win over it is a minus score; 1 point per set. So, their allowed to win 3 sets and they actually win 5 then the scores is -2, if they wins 1 set in the same position then the scores is +2. The 5 hand is allowed to win 5 hands maximum, so if they have won 4 then they have a scored of +1.

The game is played until all three parties have played all five calls that can be made.

6-3-8

6-3-8 is a good game for 3 people whose deck is one card short. It is played the same as 5-3-8 except for the following:

Preliminaries: A card (usually 2♣, but any will do) is removed the pack and the game is played with only 51 cards.
Deal: 17 cards to each player – There is no kitty.
Targets: Eldest hand's target is 6 instead of 5. Other targets are the same.
Scoring: Scores are kept on paper: +1 for each trick above target, -1 for each trick below.
Game: Winner is the first person to reach +10 points.

9-5-2

A Canadian variant whose rules are the same as in 5-3-8 except for the following:

The targets for the three players are:
- Eldest hand: 5
- Middle hand: 2
- Dealer: 9
After trading cards and choosing trump, the dealer picks up the four kitty cards before discarding four.
Players' cumulative scores are recorded on paper as in 6-3-8 (above). Thus, the total score of all three players will always be zero.
Game is played until one player has reached a predetermined score of either +10 or +20 points

9-5-2 Variation

This variation of a variation plays 9-5-2 with the following changes:

Eldest and middle hands' targets are switched so that each is trying to win the following number of tricks:
- Eldest hand: 2
- Middle hand: 5
- Dealer: 9
The order of exchanging cards and making trumps is:
1. Dealer picks up the four kitty cards and then discards four
2. Players with positive scores on the previous hand pass cards
3. Dealer names trump
4. Players with negative scores pass back their highest cards in the suits they were given
5. The game continues until someone reaches or exceeds either +15 or -15. Whoever has the highest score at that time is the winner.^[1]

3-5-9 University High School

This variation was played in the 70s and 80s at University High School in Urbana, Ill.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}

9 is the dealer; 5 always leads with the first trick. The deal rotates to the next higher number of tricks to get (3 becomes 5, 5 becomes 9, 9 becomes 3).
Cards are passed before trump is called and the kitty is picked up. If two people are passing to the same third person, the person who got the first "up" trick gets to pass first.
9 calls trump, picks up the kitty and then discards. The kitty becomes 9's first trick.

9-5-3 variation using single card kitty

Play is as before with each aiming for 9, 5 and 3 respectively, except:

All cards are dealt except for the one remaining card, which is placed face up on the table. This card is available to the player who holds the two of diamonds, and proceed by swapping if they wish to. If the card happens to be the two of diamonds, no swap is possible.
Play continues until one player wins 13 tricks with one hand, who is then declared the winner.

References

1. ^http://www.pagat.com/whist/sergeant.html

External links

{{pagat|Sergeant Major|whist/sergeant.html}}
...or at Kurnik Online Games
Cardgame collection A collection of card games including a 6-3-8 variation for Unix (Linux)

4 : Anglo-American card games|Whist group|Three-player card games|Year of introduction missing

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