“42nd Division (German Empire)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 42nd Division (42. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army.^[1] It was formed on October 1, 1912, and was the last regular division created in the Imperial German Army. It was headquartered in Saarburg in Lothringen (now Sarrebourg, France).^[2] The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XXI Army Corps (XXI. Armeekorps).^[3] The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was primarily recruited in the Rhine Province and the Province of Westphalia, as the German population in Alsace-Lorraine was insufficient to fill the division.

Combat chronicle

The division began World War I on the Western Front, fighting in the Battle of the Frontiers and then in the Race to the Sea. It was then transferred to the Eastern Front, seeing action in 1915 in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive and Operation Albion. It remained on the Eastern Front until December 1917, when it returned to France. In 1918, it fought in the Battle of the Lys and faced various Allied offensives, including the Hundred Days Offensive. Allied intelligence rated the division as third class.^[4]^[5]

Pre-World War I organization

The organization of the 42nd Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:^[6]

Order of battle on mobilization

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 42nd Division was redesignated the 42nd Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:^[7]

Late World War I organization

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 42nd Infantry Division's order of battle on January 1, 1918, was as follows:^[8]

References

Footnotes

1. ^From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army, as during the period of German unification (1866-1871) the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.
2. ^Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.135.
3. ^Wegner, p. 86
4. ^42. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918)
5. ^Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920), pp. 451-453 ([https://archive.org/stream/historiesoftwohu00unit#page/450/mode/2up online]).
6. ^Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee (1914), pp. 113-114.
7. ^Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935).
8. ^Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle.

5 : Infantry divisions of Germany in World War I|Military units and formations established in 1912|Military units and formations disestablished in 1919|1912 establishments in Germany|1919 disestablishments in Germany