| 词条 | Katharina Paulus |
| 释义 |
| name = Käthe Paulus | image = File:Käthe Paulus ca. 1890 Fotomontage 3256644 1450825047-e1450825180454.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1868|12|22|df=y}} | birth_place = Zellhausen | death_date = {{death date and age|1935|7|26|1868|12|22|df=y}} | nationality = German | known_for = Inventor of Collapsable Parachute, Aerial Acrobatics Performer }}Katharina “Käthe” Paulus (22 December 1868 – 26 July 1935)[1] was a German exhibition parachute jumper and the inventor of the first collapsable parachute.[2][3] At the time, the parachute was named, 'rescue apparatus for aeronauts' in 1910.[4][5] The previous parachutes were not able to fit in a case like apparatus worn on the back,[6][7] thus Paulus' invention became of paramount importance for the Germans in World War I and she produced about 7000 parachutes for the German forces.[8][9] During World War I Paulus created approximately 125 parachutes a week. Paulus was also credited with inventing the drag 'chute, an intentional breakaway system where one small parachute opens to pull out the main parachute.[10][11][12] Paulus was an avid aeronaut herself and logged over 510 balloon flights and over 165 parachute jumps in her lifetime. She was the first German to be a professional air pilot[13] and the first German woman aerial acrobat.[14][15] Despite the fact that hot air balloons are currently known as a sort of tourist attraction, during the final decades of the 19th century, these hot air balloons were at the time, were on the cutting edge of technology, and were popular before the invention of airplane.[16] LifePaulus' was born in Zellhausen, today part of Mainhausen, near Frankfurt, Germany into a working class family. Her father worked as a day laborer and died when she was nineteen years old.[17][18] After his death, Paulus picked up her mother's trade of seamstressing to help support the family. At 21, Paulus married Hermann Lattemann, a well-known balloonist, and began working as his assistant to repair the balloons with her skills as a seamstress. Paulus and Lattlmann begun to develop their professional and personal relationship, until Paulus began to parachute herself, and the two eventually got married. They had a son, Willy Hermann Paulus, who later died of diphtheria. In 1895, the couple were on a joint jump when Lattlemann's parachute failed to deploy. Paulus watched him fall to his death.[19] While grieving the death of her husband, Paulus stayed in bed for months. That being said, during this time thousands of fans mailed letters of support to Paulus to request she continue her career of being a ballooner. Paulus then bought four new parachutes and set off on a tour of Europe using the stage name, Miss Polly. She performed theatrically, using acrobatic feats and even riding a bicycle suspending from a hot air balloon's basket. Paulus became an international success.[20][21] Paulus completed her last balloon jump at age 63 (August 5, 1931).[22] DeathPaulus died at the age of 67 and is buried in a cemetery in Reinickendorf. Honors
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.footnotinghistory.com/home/love-parachutes-and-kathchen-paulus|title=Love, Parachutes, and Käthchen Paulus|website=Footnoting History|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Paulus, Katharina}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-female-inventors/a-1927852|title=Germany's Female Inventors {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.03.2006|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=DW.COM|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bpa.org.uk/about-us/history-of-the-sport/|title=History of the sport » British Parachute Association|website=www.bpa.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-27}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/the-parachute|title=The Parachute timeline.|website=Timetoast|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdkpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=K%C3%A4the+berlin+balloonist&v=onepage&q=paulus&f=false|title=Airships Past and Present: Together with Chapters on the Use of Balloons in Connection with Meteorology, Photography and the Carrier Pigeon|last=Hildebrandt|first=Alfred|date=1908|publisher=D. Van Nostrand Company|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/533833/fyi-who-invented-parachute-and-who-did-first-test|title=FYI: Who invented the parachute and who did the first test?|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/533833/fyi-who-invented-parachute-and-who-did-first-test|title=FYI: Who invented the parachute and who did the first test?|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol116jm.html|title=EARLY PARACHUTES - South African Military History Society|website=samilitaryhistory.org|access-date=2018-07-27}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi-vBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=paulus+balloonist&v=onepage&q=paulus&f=false|title=United States Army Aviators' Equipment, 1917-1945|last=Sweeting|first=C. G.|date=2015-04-03|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786497379|language=en}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.parachutehistory.com/eng/drs.html|title=Historical Review - ParachuteHistory.com|last=Meyer|first=AEROSOFTWARE Jan|website=www.parachutehistory.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.parachutehistory.com/women/paulusk.html|title=Katchen Paulus - ParachuteHistory.com|last=Meyer|first=AEROSOFTWARE Jan|website=www.parachutehistory.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.megax.com/famous_inventions_by_women_inventors_t601760.html|title=Lady|website=www.megax.com|language=en-us|access-date=2018-07-27}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.omegawatches.com/hertime/article/5-noteworthy-inventions-created-by-women|title=Five noteworthy inventions created by women {{!}} OMEGA®|website=Omega|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-27}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.berlin-airport.de/en/ber/the-excitement-of-airports/walk/kaethe-paulus/index.php|title=Käthe Paulus|work=Berlin Brandenburg Airport|access-date=2018-07-27}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ballooninghistory.com/whoswho/who'swho-p.html|title=P - Who's Who of Ballooning|website=www.ballooninghistory.com|access-date=2018-07-27}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/parachute-history.htm|title=Parachute - History|last=Pike|first=John|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=2018-07-27}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.kulturring.org/konkret/frauen-persoenlichkeiten/index.php?frauen-persoenlichkeiten=strassennamen&id=142|title=Startseite - Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Berlin Mitte|website=www.kulturring.org|language=de|access-date=2018-07-27}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/sonntag/deutschlands-erste-fallschirmspringerin-wie-kaethe-paulus-zur-internationalen-sensation-wurde/23758788.html|title=Deutschlands erste Fallschirmspringerin - Wie Käthe Paulus zur internationalen Sensation wurde|website=Tagesspiegel|language=de|access-date=2018-12-21}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol116jm.html|title=EARLY PARACHUTES - South African Military History Society|website=samilitaryhistory.org|access-date=2018-07-27}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/wgt/WW_ONE/Start/Bleed_White/Military_Pilots/term_17531.html|title=Käthe Paulus – acrobat of the air in the service of the armament industries|website=www.uni-stuttgart.de|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.longislandskydiving.com/about-skydiving-long-island/articles/tiny-broadwick-famous-female-skydivers/|title=Famous Female Skydiver Tiny Broadwick {{!}} Long Island Skydiving Center|website=Long Island Skydiving Center|language=en|access-date=2018-07-27}} 22. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pKENlNUWPEwC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=paulus+balloonist&source=bl&ots=KvoE22NJGs&sig=Cj0JTpDCPffEIaGGMi0qfw7hF38&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzgLbGx7_cAhUFulMKHYy0B8YQ6AEwCXoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=paulus%20balloonist&f=false|title=Women in Space - Following Valentina|last=David|first=Shayler|last2=Moule|first2=Ian A.|date=2006-08-29|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781846280788|language=en}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.kulturring.org/konkret/frauen-persoenlichkeiten/index.php?frauen-persoenlichkeiten=strassennamen&id=142|title=Startseite - Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Berlin Mitte|website=www.kulturring.org|language=de|access-date=2018-07-27}} 24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.justcollecting.com/aviation-memorabilia/1903-early-balloon-postcard-kathe-katchen-paulus|title=1903 Early Balloon Postcard Kathe 'Katchen' Paulus|work=JustCollecting|access-date=2018-07-27|language=en}} 12 : 1868 births|1935 deaths|People from Offenbach (district)|German inventors|Women inventors|Women in history|19th-century German aviation|20th-century German aviation|Aviation inventors|Aviation pioneers|German aviators|Parachuting |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。