| 词条 | Kazakhstan–Poland relations |
| 释义 |
Kazakhstan–Poland relations refer to bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Poland. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Warsaw whilst Poland has an embassy in Astana. Both countries are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. History{{expand section|date=September 2017}}Poland and Kazakhstan have a shared history rooted in the mass deportation of ethnic Poles to the former Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union.[1] Poland and Kazakhstan established formal diplomatic relations in 1992.[2] State visitsPoland President Andrzej Duda hosted Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Poland in 2016 for the Polish - Kazakh Economic Forum.[3] Polish presidents Kwasniewski and Kachynsky visited Kazakhstan in 1999[4] and 2007[5] respectively. Economic relationsTrade turnover between the two countries exceeded $2.2 billion in 2014.[6] More than 200 Polish businesses are operating in Kazakhstan that have invested about $130 million in Kazakhstan operations.[7] Both countries' foreign trade agencies together established the Polish-Kazakh Intergovernmental Commission on Economic Cooperation to build commercial ties between businesses.[8] Transport linksLOT Polish Airlines operates a service from Warsaw to Astana. References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Iglicka|first1=Krystyna|title=Are They Fellow Countrymen or Not? The Migration of Ethnic Poles from Kazakhstan to Poland|journal=The International Migration Review|date=1998|volume=32|issue=Winter|pages=995–1014|jstor=2547669}} {{Foreign relations of Kazakhstan}}{{Foreign relations of Poland}}{{Portal bar|International relations|Kazakhstan|Poland}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kazakhstan-Poland relations}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Poland Foreign Policy|url=http://www.msz.gov.pl/en/foreign_policy/eastern_policy/kazakhstan|website=Polish Foreign Ministry}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Poland - Kazakhstan. Potential of cooperation is enormous|url=http://www.paih.gov.pl/20160823/Poland_Kazakhstan_potential_of_cooperation_is_enormous|website=Polish Investment & Trade Agency}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=POLISH PRESIDENT STARTS OFFICIAL TRIP TO KAZAKHSTAN|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1343531.html|agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=29 October 1999}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=President of Kazakhstan visits Poland|url=http://csm.org.pl/en/russia-and-post-soviet-states/2570-22-august-2016-president-of-kazakhstan-visits-poland|website=http://csm.org.pl|publisher=Center for International Relations}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Polish Ambassador to Kazakhstan Strongly Supports Silk Road Project|url=http://astanatimes.com/2016/04/polish-ambassador-to-kazakhstan-strongly-supports-silk-road-project/|agency=The Astana Times}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Focus on Kazakhstan|url=http://www.paih.gov.pl/20160525/focus_on_kazakhstan|website=Polish Investment & Trade Agency}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=PAIiIZ and Kaznex signed a cooperation agreement|url=http://www.paih.gov.pl/nowosci/?id_news=2933|website=Polish Investment & Trade Agency}} 3 : Kazakhstan–Poland relations|Bilateral relations of Kazakhstan|Bilateral relations of Poland |
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