“Khartoum process”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Khartoum process is an inter-regional forum on migration covering the Horn of Africa and Europe.^[1] Its members are the African Union Commission (AUC) and the European Commission (EC).^[1]

Although the partners' stated intention was to "establish an effective, humanitarian and safe European migration policy",^[2] the Khartoum process has been criticised by scholars,^[3]^[4] by the United Kingdom's cross-party International Development Committee,^[5] and by observers in Sudan,^[6] for undermining European human rights commitments. Concerns have focused especially on European Union (EU) funding being used to support the capture, detention, and in some cases torture, of refugees and other migrants by Libyan and Sudanese authorities.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.iom.int/eu-horn-africa-migration-route-initiative-khartoum-process|title=EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative (Khartoum Process)|date=26 February 2016|website=International Organization for Migration|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/how-a-war-criminal-is-staying-in-power-in-sudan|title=Why Are Foreign Powers Helping an Indicted War Criminal Remain the President of Sudan?|first=Martin|last=Plaut|website=Pacific Standard|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
3. ^{{cite journal|first1=Lutz|last1=Oette|first2=Mohamed Abdelsalam|last2=Babiker|title=Migration Control à la Khartoum: EU External Engagement and Human Rights Protection in the Horn of Africa|journal=Refugee Survey Quarterly|volume=36|issue=4 |date=1 December 2017 |pages=64–89 |doi=10.1093/rsq/hdx013 |quote=Instead of being based on a human rights approach, the Khartoum Process has relied on a managerial, project-based approach to the complex realities of mixed migration in the Horn of Africa. [We identify] systemic weaknesses in Sudan’s law and practice, which cast serious doubts on Sudan’s ability to combat trafficking and smuggling in conformity with international standards, and its reliability as a partner in “migration management”. [We also show] how the Khartoum Process risks undermining the coherence of the European Union’s external policy, particularly in respect of human rights protection in the region.}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-horn-of-africa-migration-policy-inherently-flawed-new-report-suggests/a-41286435|title=EU-Horn of Africa migration policy inherently flawed, new report suggests |website=Dw.com|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/mar/05/uk-policy-on-migration-disconnected-and-incoherent-mps-warn|title=UK policy on migration 'disconnected and incoherent', MPs warn|first=Karen|last=McVeigh|date=5 March 2019|accessdate=5 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article63930|title=Why is the EU-Khartoum Process so wrong on so many levels - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=Sudantribune.com|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/how-far-eu-seal-borders-khartoum-process-central-mediterranean-migration|title=How Far Will the EU Go to Seal Its Borders?|website=Dissent Magazine|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/child-refugees-facing-abuse-in-libyan-detention-centres|title=Libya: child refugees abused in UK-funded detention centres|first=Diane|last=Taylor|date=20 November 2018|accessdate=5 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.indepthnews.net/index.php/the-world/africa/2370-eu-urged-to-evacuate-eritreans-from-libyan-death-camps|title=EU Urged to Evacuate Eritreans from Libyan 'Death Camps' - IDN-InDepthNews - Analysis That Matters|website=Indepthnews.net|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/apr/24/uk-blind-spot-sudan-human-rights-abuses|title='Deals with the devil always unravel': the UK blind spot for Sudan's abuses - Rebecca Lowe|first=Rebecca|last=Lowe|date=24 April 2018|accessdate=5 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423050205/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/22/world/africa/migration-european-union-sudan.html|title=By Stifling Migration, Sudan’s Feared Secret Police Aid Europe - The New York Times|date=23 April 2018|website=Web.archive.org|accessdate=5 March 2019}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wikitribune.com/article/28592/|title=Khartoum Process works to stem migration from Horn of Africa|date=2 January 2018|website=WikiTribune.com|accessdate=5 March 2019}}