| 词条 | Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah |
| 释义 |
|name=Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah |image=File:Barrier_near_Bethlehem_2011.jpg |caption=Area map showing Khallet Sakariya, 2011 |arname= |meaning=Khurbet Beit Skâria; The ruin of Beit Skaria (the ancient Beth Zacharias)[1] |coordinates = {{coord|31|39|47|N|35|07|24|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}} |palgrid =160/118 |elevation_m = 950 |elevation_footnotes = [2] |founded= |type=mund |typefrom= |altOffSp= |altUnoSp=Khallet Sakarya |governorate=bl |population= |popyear= |area= |areakm= |mayor= }} Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah (variants: Beit Zakariyyah, Khirbet Zakariah, Beit Skâria) is a small Palestinian village in the West Bank. It is located in between the larger Israeli settlements of Alon Shevut and Rosh Tzurim in the Gush Etzion region. Administratively, it is associated with Artas, Bethlehem. LocationKhirbet Beit Zakariyyah is located {{convert|9|km|mi|sp=us}} (horizontal distance) south of Bethlehem. It is bordered by Wadi an Nis to the east, Nahhalin to the north, Al Jab’a to the west, and Beit ‘Ummar and Surif to the south.[2] HistoryThe village may be the site of the Battle of Beth Zechariah between the Jewish Maccabeans and Selucid Greek forces during the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire, in the year 162 BCE.[3][4][5] However, other sources place the battle at Zekharia/Az-Zakariyya in modern Israel.[6] Three rock-cut burial caves, dating to the 1st century BCE have been excavated, and pottery fragments from the 1st century BCE were found.[7] In the Byzantine period an important church was located here, which appears on the Madaba map. Since then a mosque, going by the name Nabi-Zakariah, has been built on the site of the church. Some of the ruins of the church are preserved beneath the mosque. In general, houses in the village are built on top of ancient ruins and caves.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} During the Crusader era, Casale Zacharie, like nearby al-Khidr, probably was a Christian village, and it was granted with al-Khidr to the church of Bethlehem between c. 1155 and c. 1186.[8] Pottery fragments from the Mamluk era have also been found.[7] Ottoman eraIn the Ottoman census of 1538-1539, Bayt Dhakariyya was located in the nahiya of Halil,[9] while in 1557, it was noted that the village revenues went to an Imperial imaret in Jerusalem.[10] In 1852, Edward Robinson noted Beit Sakarieh “on an almost isolated promontory or Tell, jutting out northwest between two deep valleys; and connected with the high ground south by a low neck between the heads of those two valleys."[11] An Ottoman list from about 1870 notes a Muslim wali, dedicated to a Sheikh Zakarja, located under a large tree. Several cisterns were also noted, and that the old Roman road to Jerusalem passed by.[12] The Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine visited in 1873 and noted: "From the main Roman road on the south a path leads to this ruin, situate on the brow, overlooking deep valleys on the east and north. Beside the path is a square foundation about 50 feet side, of roughly-dressed stones. The remains on the hill-brow are those of a large modern village, with more ancient foundations. One wall consists of stones 4 1/2 feet long, 2 feet high, roughly dressed. There is also a mosque, with a portico on the west, sunk below the surface. On the north side of this portico a pillar is placed with a capital of basket-work (see illustration), like the eighth century Byzantine capitals. The shaft is 2 feet diameter. The mosque door was shut ; perhaps it may represent the site of the church which once stood at this place. [..] Drafted stones with a rough boss were also found, and another capital, apparently Byzantine. To the west of the site are rock-cut tombs, now blocked. A tree grows over the Mukam, or mosque."[13] 1948On January 14, 1948, Arab forces led by Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni attempted to capture the strategic hill of Beit Zakariah, and thus to split Gush Etzion into two in preparation for its total conquest. However, Jewish forces defeated them in the Battle of 3 Shevat. The defeat had strategic implications for all of Palestine - as a result, Husseini cancelled his plans to attack Jewish communities, and focused on attacks on the roads.[14][15] Jordanian eraIn the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah came under Jordanian rule. 1967-presentSince the Six-Day War in 1967, Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah has been under Israeli occupation.[16] After the Oslo Accords in 1995, 100% of Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah land was classified as Area C, under full Israeli control.[17] Israel has confiscated land from Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah in order to construct six Israeli settlements:
References1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/302/mode/1up 302] 2. ^1 Beit Sakariya Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 4 3. ^Schürer, Millar, and Vermes, 2014, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oG5jAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166] 4. ^Beth-zacharias, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 5. ^Claude R. Conder, Tent Work in Palestine (vol. 1), London 1879, p. 279 6. ^French explorer Victor Guérin thought Tell Zakariyeh (where now stands Azekah, in Israel), to be the village mentioned in the Book of I Maccabees (6:32), known then as Beit Zakariah, and which stood "seventy stadia" from Beit Sour, a distance of almost thirteen kilometers. See: Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n329/mode/1up 316]-319 7. ^1 Peleg and Feller, 2004, Rosh Zurim 8. ^Pringle, 1993, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BgQ6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA204 204] 9. ^Toledano, 1984, p. 289, has Bayt Dhakariyya at location 35°07′00″E 31°40′05″N. 10. ^Singer, 1994, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mrsAw_mk1d0C&pg=PA26 26], note #6; [https://books.google.com/books?id=mrsAw_mk1d0C&pg=PA165 165] 11. ^Robinson and Smith, 1856, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n332/mode/1up 283]-284 12. ^Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/148/mode/1up 148] 13. ^1 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/108/mode/1up 108] 14. ^http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/002-D-109259-00.html 15. ^Yohanan Ben-Yaakov, The Mountain Division, the Lamed-Heh Story, Israel Defence Ministry press, 2008, page 44 16. ^Aharon Dolev, Rosh Tzurim: the petition was denied, Maariv, 7 November 1980 17. ^Beit Sakariya Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 16 18. ^1 2 3 4 5 Beit Sakariya Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 17 Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
3 : Seam Zone|Villages in the West Bank|Bethlehem Governorate |
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