| 词条 | Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh |
| 释义 |
| name = Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | author = Sujan Rai | orig_lang_code = fa | translator = | country = Mughal Empire | language = Persian | subject = History of India | genre = non-fiction | published = 1695 (manuscript); 1918 (printed) | publisher = | native_wikisource = | wikisource = | notes = }} Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh is an Indian Persian language chronicle by Sujan Rai in the Mughal Empire of present-day India. It deals with the history of Hindustan (northern Indian subcontinent), and also contains details about the contemporary Mughal Empire. The author completed the work in 1695 CE, during the reign of Aurangzeb. An insertion about Aurangzeb's death was later added to the original copy by a transcriber. Alternative transliterations of the book's title include Khulasat-Al-Tavarikh and Khulasatu-t-Tawarikh. Authorship and dateThe author's name is not given anywhere in the actual book, but the transcribers' notes in several manuscripts mention him as Sujan Rai. Some manuscripts appended Bhandari or Batalvi to his name.[1] The title Munshi is also prefixed to his name. One manuscript calls him the "Munshi of Munshis".[1] Rai was a Khatri Hindu from Batala. As a young man, he had served as a dabir (secretary) to some nobles.[1] He knew Hindi, Persian and Sanskrit languages.[1] Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh was completed in the 40th year of Aurangzeb's reign, corresponding to 1695 CE. Most of the manuscripts contain a brief account of Aurangzeb's death at the end, written abruptly in a small number of lines. This section is believed to be an insertion in an early copy by a transcriber, and was repeated in the subsequent copies.[5]ContentsPrefaceThe book has a long preface, which contains a list of 27 Persian and Sanskrit historical works used as references:[2][1] Persian translations of Sanskrit works
Geography of India during Aurangzeb's reignDescription of Hindustan[2][5]
The following provinces are covered in the book:[3] {{div col|colwidth=18em}}
The descriptions of many provinces, especially those away from the author's native Punjab region, are borrowed from Ain-i-Akbari.[3] The book gives a detailed and original account of Punjab, especially the Lahore subah and the Batala sarkar.[5] Hindu kings of IndiaThis part gives an account of the pre-Islamic rulers of India, especially Delhi. It covers kings from the time of the legendary Pandava ruler Yudhishthira to Rai Pithora (Prithviraj Chauhan). The book gives a list of the rulers' names, the period of their reigns and a short account. This section is more of legends than history.[5] Muslim kings of IndiaThis part gives details of the Muslim rulers, from Nasir-ud-din Sabuktigin to Aurangzeb. A large portion of this part is borrowed from other works mentioned in the preface. The information unique to Khulasat-i-Tawarikh includes an account of the contest between Aurangzeb and his brothers.[5] Auraganzeb's deathSome copies contain an insertion about Aurangzeb's death, inserted by a transcriber. This part mentions that Aurangzeb died in Ahmadnagar, Deccan. The date of his death was Friday, the 28th Zulqada of the year 1118 A. H., three hours after dawn. His age at time of his death is given as 91 years 17 days and 2 hours. The period of his reign is stated as 50 years, 2 months and 28 days.[5] Editio princepsIn 1918, Archaeological Survey of India's M. Zafar Hasan made available the first editio princeps of the book. He had come across a reference to the book in Syed Ahmed Khan's Asar-us-Sanadid. He then started searching for manuscripts of the book, and consolidated them into a printed edition.[4] The five manuscripts used by Hasan were:[4]
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book |url=http://kblibrary.bih.nic.in/Vol07/BP012.htm |title=Indian History - Vol 7, No. 540 |chapter=Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh |pages=12–14 }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author1=Muzaffar Alam |author2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |title=Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWYWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT414 |year=2011 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-52790-3 |pages=414–419}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |title=India of Aurangzib |author=Jadunath Sarkar|publisher=Kinnera |date=1901 |pages=xii-xvi }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/SujanRaiKhulasatAlTavarikh/Sujan%20Rai_Khulasat%20al-Tavarikh#page/n5/mode/2up |title=Khulasatu-t-Tawarikh |editor=M. Zafar Hasan |publisher=VT J. & Sons |year=1918 |pages=i-iii }} External links
5 : 1695 books|17th-century Indian books|Asian chronicles|Books about the Mughal Empire|Persian-language books |
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