| 词条 | Kiilhsoohkwa |
| 释义 |
| name = Kiilh-sooh-kwa | image = File:Kiilhsoohkwa 01.png | caption = Image of Kiilh-sooh-kwa from The Star Press (Muncie, Indiana) on 6 September 1915. | birth_date = 1810 | birth_place = Huntington County, Indiana | death_date = 1915 | death_place = Huntington County, Indiana | resting_place = Glenwood Cemetery (Roanoke, Indiana) | residence = Huntington County, Indiana | other_names = Margaret Revarre | known_for = Granddaughter of Mihšihkinaahkwa. Reportedly cared for the flag presented to her other grandfather at the Treaty of Greenville. }}Kiilh-sooh-kwa (var. Kiilhsoohkwa, Kil-so-quah, Kilsoquah, Margaret Revarre) was a member of the Myaamia Nation and granddaughter of Myaamia Chief Mihšihkinaahkwa (var. Little Turtle).[1] She was born in 1810 and died in 1915.[2] She was one of the few Myaamia who was not removed from Indiana in 1846.[3] Early lifeKiilh-sooh-kwa was born in 1810 in an area she described in an interview in 1906 as near present-day Markle, Huntington County in northeast Indiana.[4] Separate sources suggest she was born at the Forks of the Wabash, closer to present-day Huntington, Huntington County, Indiana.[5] She was the granddaughter of Myaamia Chief Mihšihkinaahkwa (var. Little Turtle). Her father, Wok-shin-gah (var. Crescent Moon) was Mihšihkinaahkwa's son. Her mother was Nah-wah-kah-mo-kwa (var. Snow Woman).[6] Her first husband was John Owl, the son of Chief John Owl. In 1826, the pair wed in an area referred to as Seek's Village around the Eel River.[4] John passed away with the first year or two of their marriage. In 1832, Kiilh-sooh-kwa wed Shaw-pe-nom-quah (var. Anthony Revarre), who was of half Native American, half French descent trader. Together Kiilh-sooh-kwa and Shaw-pe-nom-quah had six children, four of whom died in infancy. Her two surviving children were a son, Wa-pe-mung-quah (var. Little White Loon, Anthony Revarre, Jr.), and a daughter, Wan-nog-quan-quah (var. Snow, Mist, or Fog; Blowing Snow; Happy Fawn; Mary E. Johnson).[7][4][8][9] Later lifeLittle is documented of her young adult life, though in 2013 she was described by the Smithsonian Institution as an important midwife in Indiana who understood and used plant knowledge related to childbirth.[10] In her later years, she lived in Roanoke, Indiana on but forty acres of what remained of her family's and her nation's territory.[11] She only spoke in her native language despite some sources suggested she understood some English.[2][4] One of the few English words that she knew and used frequently was "rheumatism," given her affliction with the disease.[9] She was described in 1905 as "a big woman, of swarthy appearance, and...a devotee of the pipe, which she has with her almost incessantly" and, separately, was described as a devout Catholic.[12][13] In 1915, a Fort Wayne-based newspaper reported that, "if a stranger called, the old woman would grasp the hand and give a firm grip, and after looking you over would in her quaint way and feeble voice mutter a few words in her native tongue, that if interpreted would be a hearty welcome."[2][6] An estimated 15,000 attendees celebrated her 100th birthday in Roanoke and her centennial was well-documented in Indiana newspapers.[14] She passed away on 4 September 1915 at her home in Roanoke after spending a few weeks ill and confined to her bed. Her death was described as "without a struggle, for death was only a break in the well worn thread of life."[9] Her passing was characterized in 1917 as a loss of "the last royal Miamis and the oldest resident of the State of Indiana, who had enjoyed a national reputation."[9] Her funeral services were held at St. James Catholic Church in Roanoke and she was buried in the I.O.O.F. Cemetery (Glenwood Cemetery) in Roanoke.[9] References1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Cottman|first=George S.|date=December 1906|title=Historical Interest in Whitley County|url=|journal=The Indiana Quarterly Magazine of History|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume= 2| issue = 4|pages=200–202}} {{authority control}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=|title=Kilsoquah Dies At Age Of 105|last=|first=|date=4 September 1915|work=The Fort Wayne News|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Fort Wayne, IN|edition=City; Saturday Evening}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/489.htm|title=IHB: Kiilhsoohkwa (Kilsoquah)|website=www.in.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-14}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwhitley00kale|title=Kilsoquah|last=Kaler|first=Samuel P.|last2=Maring|first2=R. H.|work=History of Whitley County, Indiana|publisher=B. F. Bowen & Co.|year=1907|isbn=|location=Indianapolis, IN|pages=79–83}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/489.htm|title=Dr. Perry G. Moore Affidavit|last=|first=|date=30 August 1923|website=Indiana Historical Bureau|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=14 November 2017}} 6. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Death of Kil-So-Quah, 105, Ends Royal Line Of Miamis|last=|first=|date=6 September 1915|work=The Star Press (Muncie, Indiana)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=December 1915|title=Kil-So-Quah, The Last of the Miamis, 1810-1915|url=|journal=Indiana Magazine of History|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume= 11| issue = 4|pages=368–377}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Kil-So-Quah, Age 105, Dying|last=|first=|date=9 September 1915|work=The Waterloo Press (Waterloo, Indiana)|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title=Little Turtle (Me-she-kin-no-quah): The Great Chief of the Miami Indian Nation; Being a Sketch of His Life, Together with that of William Wells and Some Noted Descendants|last=Young|first=Calvin M.|publisher=Sentinel Ptg. Company|year=1917|isbn=|location=Digitized by Google|pages=215}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2013/09/not-the-last-of-the-miamis.html|title=Not the "Last of the Miamis"|website=blog.nmai.si.edu|access-date=2017-11-14}} 11. ^{{Cite news|title=The Last Of The Miamis|last=Henderson Wheelock|first=Matilda|date=22 August 1909|work=The Star Press (Muncie, Indiana), Sunday Edition|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 12. ^{{Cite news|title=Indiana's Only Princess|last=|first=|date=8 November 1905|work=The Elwood Daily Record (Elwood, IN)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 13. ^{{Cite news|title=Paleface Tribute Makes Squaw Glad – Kil-So-Quah Excited Over One Hundredth Birthday Celebration at Roanoke Today – 20,000 People Expected|last=|first=|date=4 July 1910|work=The Indianapolis Start (Indianapolis, Indiana)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Kilsoquah Centennial|last=|first=|date=7 July 1910|work=The Weekly Republican (Plymouth, Indiana)|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 6 : Miami people|Algonquin people|Native Americans in Indiana|Native American history of Indiana|1915 deaths|1810 births |
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