词条 | Killing of Nicole van den Hurk |
释义 |
| image = Nicole van den Hurk.png | image_upright = 0.75 | caption = Nicole van den Hurk | date = {{circa|6 October 1995}} (body discovered 22 November 1995) | location = Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands | coordinates = {{Coord|51|25|37.7|N|5|40|1.63|E|display=inline,title}} | type = Homicide | suspects = Andy van den Hurk {{nowrap|(1996, 2011)[1]}} Ad van den Hurk (1996)[1] Jos de G. {{nowrap|(2014[1]–2016[4])}} | accused = Jos de G. | charges = Trial: Rape, manslaughter[5] Appeal: Manslaughter | trial = Trial: {{start and end dates|2015|11|02|2016|11|21|df=yes}} Appeal: {{start and end dates|2018|08|28|2018|10|09|df=yes}} | verdict = Trial: Guilty (rape) Not guilty (manslaughter)[6] Appeal: Guilty | sentence = Trial: 5 years' imprisonment[6] Appeal: 12 years' imprisonment}}{{Dutch name|van den Hurk|Hurk}} On 6 October 1995, fifteen-year-old Nicole van den Hurk ({{IPA-nl|ˈnɪkɔːl vɑn dɛn ˈɦʏrk}}) disappeared on her way to work in Eindhoven, in the Dutch province of North Brabant. On 22 November, her body was found in the woods between the towns of Mierlo and Lierop. In 2011, Van den Hurk's stepbrother confessed to the killing,[8] but was released a month later due to lack of evidence; he later said he had falsely confessed to get her body exhumed for DNA tests.[9] DNA collected from the girl's exhumed remains and from the crime scene led to the arrest of a man (who was referred to only as Jos de G. ({{IPA-nl|ˈjɔs də ˈɣeː}}) in news reports) in January 2014.[1][2] Charged with rape and manslaughter, De G. was acquitted of manslaughter but found guilty of rape in November 2016, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.[3] After the public prosecution appealed against the acquittal, De G. was convicted of manslaughter and his sentence was increased to twelve years.[4] Background and disappearanceNicole van den Hurk was born on 4 July 1980 in Erkelenz, Germany, to a single mother. A few years later, they moved to the Netherlands together with the mother's Dutch boyfriend, who then married her. In 1989, Van den Hurk's mother and stepfather divorced with the stepfather winning custody of her.[5][15] In April 1995, the mother committed suicide in Tilburg.[15] At the time of her disappearance, Van den Hurk was staying at her grandmother's house in Tongelre.[6] Van den Hurk left her grandmother's house in the early hours of Friday, 6 October 1995, and cycled towards {{ill|Woensel shopping centre|nl|Winkelcentrum Woensel}}, where she was working a holiday job; she never arrived.[7][8] At 18:00 that day, police found her bicycle in the river Dommel. Between then and 17 October, the police searched the river and a nearby forest, and on 19 October, her rucksack was found near Eindhoven's canal; the canal and its south bank were searched the following day. Between 28 and 29 October, these areas were searched again. Her stepfather denied the hypothesis that she had run away to Germany, where her extended family lived. By 20 November, police had received around 300 leads.[9] On Wednesday, 22 November, a passerby found Van den Hurk's body in the woods between Mierlo and Lierop.[10][11] Her funeral on 28 November was attended by some one thousand mourners.[12] Her post-mortem showed she had suffered two fractures to the jaw, other injuries to the head and fingers, and a rib injury caused by stabbing.[24] InvestigationOn 24 October 1995, an anonymous caller told police he could identify the killer, but the call ended prematurely. The recording of the call was broadcast on national television in January 1996 in an attempt to trace the caller.[7] Later, the team of detectives was reduced to four.[9][7] In February, a friend of Van den Hurk's family arrested for drug trafficking told police that she had been forced to smuggle heroin by men involved in the killing.[9][13] The police said her story was flawed and was of no help. Meanwhile, Passie magazine offered a reward for details about the killer. Between May and June, Van den Hurk's stepbrother and stepfather were arrested in connection with the killing, and then cleared.[9][7] In 2004, a cold case team investigated the killing to no avail.[14][15] By 2011, Van den Hurk's stepbrother Andy had moved to England. On 8 March, he confessed to the killing in a Facebook post, and was arrested by British police.[16][17] He was extradited to the Netherlands on 30 March,[18][19] but was released five days later[20] as the Facebook post was the only evidence against him.[21] Later, Andy retracted his confession, saying that he believed his father was the culprit;[22][23] in 2016, he said in an interview that he had falsely confessed to the killing in order to revive attention to her death and get her body exhumed for DNA testing.[24] Van den Hurk's remains were exhumed in September 2011 to allow DNA samples to be obtained.[25] On the same day, the reward for the killer's details was increased from 25,000 guilders to €15,000.[26] Within a week, the police announced that foreign DNA had been found on the remains[26] and had received more than twenty new leads.[27] In January 2014, the police arrested a 46-year-old man identified as Jos de G.[28] after his DNA matched samples found on the remains and at the crime scene.[15][29] De G. had previously been convicted of three rapes, being sentenced to three years preventive detention and compulsory treatment for one of them.[28][29] He was known to have left his ex-girlfriend's home after a fight a few hours before Van den Hurk's disappearance.[30] TrialWhen the case first came to court in April 2014, De G.'s lawyer disputed the DNA evidence, as DNA from other people, including Van den Hurk's ex-boyfriend, was also found on her remains;[30] he argued she may have had consensual sex with De G., had had multiple sexual partners, and may have been pregnant when she died.[31][32] In July, the murder charge against De G. was dropped in favor of manslaughter and rape charges.[33][34] At another hearing in October 2015, De G. denied contact with Van den Hurk at the time of her disappearance, but said he may have had consensual sex with her a few days earlier.[35] De G.'s trial began on 2 November 2015.[36] Prosecution experts testified to the DNA evidence.[37] Later in the month, the trial was suspended for two weeks during investigation into a witness's statement that De G. had confessed to killing a girl.[38][39] In a later interview, the witness and another person said De G. had made this confession while the three were in a mental institution together a decade earlier.[39] De G.'s attorney argued this testimony was motivated by the €15,000 reward.[40] A trace of semen containing DNA from at least three people—believed by prosecution experts to be De G., Van den Hurk's then-boyfriend and her stepbrother—had been found on Van den Hurk's remains.[24][41] With experts disagreeing on the reliability of the sample, it was announced in March 2016 that scientists would re-analyse the DNA results using new methods.[24] On 19 April, the court heard that it was 2.28 million times more likely than not that De G. was one of the people whose DNA was found on the remains.[42] On 12 October 2016, the prosecution demanded that De G. receive fourteen years' imprisonment, asserting that he could not have had consensual sex with Van den Hurk, arguing that she had no time for a relationship.[43] On 21 November, De G. was found guilty of rape and sentenced to five years' imprisonment.[44] In determining the penalty, the court took into account the finding that he was legally insane at the time of the crime.[45] He was acquitted of manslaughter on the basis of the possibility that the person whose DNA was found on the remains who was not affirmatively identified was involved in van den Hurk's death.[44] Appeal caseThe public prosecution appealed against De G.'s acquittal shortly after the trial ended.[46] The appeal case began on 28 August 2018.[47][48] On 29 August, the prosecution demanded a sentence of fourteen years' imprisonment, as they had done in the initial trial.[49] On 9 October, the acquittal was overturned and De G. was sentenced to twelve years’ imprisonment for the rape and manslaughter of Van den Hurk.[4] See also{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
}} References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nu.nl/binnenland/3677716/aanhouding-18-jaar-oude-moord-nicole-van-hurk.html|title=Aanhouding voor 18 jaar oude moord op Nicole van den Hurk|trans-title=Arrest made in 18-year-old murder case|date=17 January 2014|work=NU.nl|location=Netherlands|language=Dutch|accessdate=23 July 2017}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nu.nl/binnenland/3680624/verdachte-moord-nicole-van-hurk-tbser.html|title=Verdachte moord Nicole van den Hurk is tbs'er|trans-title=Nicole van den Hurk murder suspect is psychiatric patient|date=21 January 2014|work=NU.nl|location=Netherlands|language=Dutch|accessdate=23 July 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.nu.nl/dvn/4354196/moet-weten-zaak-nicole-van-hurk.html|title=Dit moet je weten over de zaak-Nicole van den Hurk|trans-title=Here's what you need to know about the Nicole van den Hurk case|date=21 November 2016|work=NU.nl|accessdate=23 July 2017|location=Netherlands|language=Dutch}} 4. ^1 {{Cite 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web|url=https://www.ed.nl/nicole-van-den-hurk/hoger-beroep-zaak-nicole-van-den-hurk-verdachte-jos-de-g-ik-vecht-voor-mijn-onschuld~a3a47b2e/|title=Hoger beroep zaak Nicole van den Hurk: verdachte Jos de G. 'ik vecht voor mijn onschuld'|last=|first=|date=28 August 2018|website=www.ed.nl|language=nl|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 August 2018}} 49. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ed.nl/nicole-van-den-hurk/eis-veertien-jaar-cel-jos-de-g-voor-doodslag-en-verkrachting-nicole-van-den-hurk~a095978b/|title=Eis: veertien jaar cel Jos de G. voor doodslag en verkrachting Nicole van den Hurk|last=|first=|date=29 August 2018|website=www.ed.nl|language=nl|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=29 August 2018}} External links
6 : 1990s missing person cases|1995 crimes in the Netherlands|Events in Eindhoven|False confessions|October 1995 events in Europe|Rape in the Netherlands |
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