WA: 12th

The city of Bellingham was incorporated in 1903 through the consolidation of Fairhaven, Whatcom, Sehome and Bellingham: four historic towns that settled beside Bellingham Bay.^[8] The bay, where the present-day city and the former town of the same name derive their names from, was named Bellingham Bay by George Vancouver upon arriving to it in June 1792. Its namesake, Sir William Bellingham, was the Controller of Storekeeper Accounts of the Royal Navy during the Vancouver Expedition.^[9]

Today, Bellingham is the northernmost city with a population of more than 50,000 people in the contiguous United States.^[10] The city is a popular tourist destination known for its easy access to outdoor recreation in the San Juan Islands and North Cascades^[11]. Bellingham is undergoing redevelopment on more than 100 acres of former industrial land in its Waterfront District^[12] with a hotel, conference center, condos, retirement living, retail and commercial development planned for the site.^[13]

History

Prior to Euro-American settlement, Bellingham was in the homeland of Coast Salish peoples of the Lummi and neighboring tribes. The first Caucasian immigrants reached the area in 1854. In 1858, the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush caused thousands of miners, storekeepers, and scalawags to head north from California. Whatcom (one of the original four towns that were eventually incorporated as Bellingham) grew overnight from a small northwest mill town to a bustling seaport, the basetown for the Whatcom Trail, which led to the Fraser Canyon goldfields, used in open defiance of colonial Governor James Douglas's edict that all entry to the gold colony be made via Victoria, British Columbia.

Coal was mined in the Bellingham area from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. It was Henry Roeder who had discovered coal off the northeastern shore of Bellingham Bay, and in 1854 a group of San Francisco investors established the Bellingham Bay Coal Company. The mine extended to hundreds of miles of tunnels as deep as 1200 feet. It ran southwest to Bellingham Bay, on both sides of Squalicum Creek, an area of about one square mile. At its peak in the 1920s, the mine employed some 250 miners digging over 200,000 tons of coal annually. It was closed in 1955.^[14][15]

Bellingham was officially incorporated on December 28, 1903^[16] as a result of the incremental consolidation of four towns initially situated around Bellingham Bay during the final decades of the 19th Century. Whatcom is today's "Old Town" area and was founded in 1852.^[17] Sehome was an area of downtown founded in 1854. Bellingham was further south near Boulevard Park, founded in 1853; while Fairhaven was a large commercial district with its own harbor, also founded in 1853.

In 1890, Fairhaven developers bought Bellingham. Whatcom and Sehome had adjacent borders and both towns wanted to merge; thus they formed New Whatcom. Later, on October 27, 1903, the word "New" was dropped from the name, because the Washington State Legislature outlawed the use of the word new in city and town names. At first, attempts to combine Fairhaven and Whatcom failed, and there was controversy over the name of the proposed new city. Whatcom citizens wouldn't support a city named Fairhaven, and Fairhaven residents would not support a city named Whatcom. They eventually settled on the name Bellingham, which remains today. Voting a second time for a final merger of the four towns into a single city, the resolution passed by 2163 votes for and 596 against.^[18]

In the early 1890s, three railroad lines arrived, connecting the bay cities to a nationwide market of builders. The foothills around Bellingham were clearcut after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to help provide the lumber for the rebuilding of San Francisco. In time, lumber and shingle mills sprang up all over the county to accommodate the byproduct of their work.

In 1889, Pierre Cornwall and an association of investors formed the Bellingham Bay Improvement Company (BBIC). The BBIC invested in several diverse enterprises such as shipping, coal, mining, railroad construction, real estate sales and utilities. Even though their dreams of turning Bellingham into a Pacific Northwest metropolis never came to fruition, the BBIC made an immense contribution to the economic development of Bellingham.^[19]

BBIC was not the only outside firm with an interest in Bellingham utilities. The General Electric Company of New York purchased Bellingham's Fairhaven Line and New Whatcom street rail line in 1897. In 1898 the utility merged into the Northern Railway and Improvement Company which prompted the Electric Corporation of Boston to purchase a large block of shares.^[20]

Bellingham was the site of the Bellingham riots against East Indian (Sikh) immigrant workers in 1907. A mob of 400–500 white men, predominantly members of the Asiatic Exclusion League, with intentions to exclude East Indian immigrants from the work force of the local lumber mills, attacked the homes of the South Asian Indians. The Indians were mostly Sikhs but were labelled as Hindus by much of the media of the day.^[21]

Bellingham's proximity to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and to the Inside Passage to Alaska helped keep some cannery operations here. Pacific American Fisheries (P.A.F.), for example, shipped empty cans to Alaska, where they were packed with fish and shipped back.

Economy

The mean annual salary of a wage earner in Bellingham is $46,114,^[22] which is below the Washington State average of $57,480.^[23]

In the first quarter of 2017, Bellingham's median home sale was $382,763, compared to the Whatcom County median of $322,779.^[24] Strong job and income growth, along with low inventory of homes for sale, have contributed to a median monthly rental payment in February 2017 of $1,526.^[25]

Largest employers

According to Bellingham's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[26] the largest employers in Bellingham are:

Geography

The city is located at {{Coord|48|45|N|122|29|W|type:city}} (48.75, −122.48).^[27]

The city is situated on Bellingham Bay which is protected by Lummi Island, Portage Island, and the Lummi Peninsula, and opens onto the Strait of Georgia. It lies west of Mount Baker and Lake Whatcom (from which it gets its drinking water) and north of the Chuckanut Mountains and the Skagit Valley. Whatcom Creek runs through the center of the city. Bellingham is {{convert|18|mi|km}} south of the US-Canada border and {{convert|50|mi|km}} southeast of Vancouver.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|28.90|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|27.08|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|1.82|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[28] The lowest elevations are at sea level along the waterfront. Alabama Hill is one of the higher points in the city at about {{convert|500|ft|m}}. Elevations of {{convert|800|ft|m}} are found near Yew Street Hill north of Lake Padden and near Galbraith Mountain. South and eastward of the city limits are taller foothills of the North Cascades mountains. Mount Baker is the largest peak in the local area, with a summit elevation of {{convert|10778|ft|m}} that is only {{convert|31|mi|km}} from Bellingham Bay. Mount Baker is visible from many parts of the city and western Whatcom County. Lake Whatcom forms part of the eastern boundary of the city, while many smaller lakes and wetland areas are found around the region.

Bellingham is one of only a few cities in the continental United States that experience astronomical twilight for the entire night, with the phenomenon occurring between June 14 and June 28.

Bellingham's neighborhoods include Birchwood, Columbia, Lettered Streets, Barkley, Fairhaven, and Downtown, among others.

Climate

Bellingham's climate is generally mild and typical of the Puget Sound region. The year-long average daily high and low temperatures are {{convert|59|and|44.1|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, respectively. Western Whatcom County has a marine oceanic climate that is strongly influenced by the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains. The Cascades to the east retain the temperate marine influence, while the Olympics provide a rain shadow effect that buffers Bellingham from much of the rainfall approaching from the southwest.

Bellingham receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|34.84|in|mm}}, which is slightly less than nearby Seattle. As evident in the table below, November is typically the wettest month, with numerous frontal rainstorms arriving. Still, precipitation is distributed throughout the rainy period extending from October through April.^[29]

Bellingham was reported to have the lowest average sunshine amount of any city in the US.^[30] Despite this, Bellingham also has mild, pleasant summers. The hottest summer days rarely exceed {{convert|90|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and the warmest temperature on record is {{convert|96|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on July 29, 2009. This is markedly cooler than the record high for Seattle ({{convert|103|°F|°C|abbr=on}}) and most other Washington locations. Drought is rare, although some summers are noticeably drier than others and some normally reliable wells have been known to run dry in August and September. Nevertheless, crops are more frequently ruined by too much rain rather than too little.

Bellingham's proximity to the Fraser River valley occasionally subjects it to a harsh winter weather pattern (termed a 'north-Easter') wherein an upper level trough drives cold Arctic air from the Canadian interior southwesterly through the Fraser River Canyon. Such an event was recorded on November 28, 2006, when air temperatures of {{convert|12|°F|°C}} were accompanied by {{convert|30|to|48|mph|km/h}} winds. Wind chill equivalents reached {{convert|-10|°F|°C}} according to NOAA.^[31] Several days into this pattern, local ponds and smaller lakes freeze solidly enough to allow skating. Outflow winds can collide with a Gulf of Alaska moisture and create ice, snow, or heavy rains. This transition can also lead to freezing rain, referred to as a "Silver Thaw" that produces hazardous driving among other inconveniences.

Another weather phenomenon, known as the "Pineapple Express", happens in the autumn. For most of a day, an unusually warm and steady wind comes out of the south. It is essentially a reverse northeaster. It is a variation that occurs in winter following several days of Arctic northeast outflow winds, and it can melt significant snow accumulations quickly, pushing drainage systems to their limits.

Demographics

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $32,530, and the median income for a family was $47,196. Males had a median income of $35,288 versus $25,971 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,483. About 9.4% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those aged 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the census^[37] of 2010, there were 80,885 people, 34,671 households, and 16,129 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2986.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 36,760 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1357.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 84.9% White, 1.3% African American, 1.3% Native American, 5.1% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 2.8% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.0% of the population.

There were 34,671 households of which 21.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.5% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the city was 31.3 years. 15.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 23.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 22% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

Education

There are four public high schools in Bellingham: Bellingham High School, Options High School, Sehome High School, and Squalicum High School.^[38] Bellingham has four public middle schools: Kulshan Middle School, Shuksan Middle School, Fairhaven Middle School, and Whatcom Middle School which was recently rebuilt after extensive fire damage in 2009.

Private schools in Bellingham include:

• Whatcom Hills Waldorf School (Prekindergarten through 8th grade). Member of Association of Waldorf Schools of North America.
• Whatcom Day Academy (Prekindergarten to 8th grade). Accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children.^[39]
• St. Paul's Academy (Prekindergarten to 12th grade). Accredited by the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools and National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS).^[40] St. Paul's Academy is a college preparatory school.
• Assumption Catholic School (Kindergarten to 9th grade). Accredited by the National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA).^[41]

Western Washington University is located in Bellingham. It has more than 16,000 students. The Northwest Film School is a private, non-profit educational institution specializing in digital media production. It operates in a partnership with Western Washington University to offer a one-year certificate in Video Production.

Bellingham has three community colleges:

• Whatcom Community College;^[42]
• Bellingham Technical College^[43]
• Northwest Indian College

There is also a satellite campus of Trinity Western University in Bellingham.^[44]

For-profit schools include Charter College, Lean Leadership Institute, Washington Engineering Institute and Washington Technology Institute.

Government

The City of Bellingham has a non-partisan strong-mayor, weak-council form of government. The directly elected mayor serves a four-year term.^[45] Six of the seven city council members are elected by ward for staggered four-year terms. The seventh council member is elected at-large every two years.^[46]

A municipal court judge is also elected for four-year terms.^[47]

The city maintains its own municipal police and fire department and operates the countywide Medic One medical emergency response service through an agreement with Whatcom County.^[46] According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2010, there were 282 violent crimes and 3,653 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 37 forcible rapes, 73 robberies and 170 aggravated assaults, while 589 burglaries, 2,931 larceny-thefts, 133 motor vehicle thefts and six arson defined the property offenses.^[48]

Local culture

Events

• The Ski to Sea race^[49] is a team relay race made up of seven legs: cross country skiing, downhill skiing (or snowboarding), running, road biking, canoeing (2 person), mountain biking, and kayaking. The racers begin at the Mount Baker Ski Area and make their way down to the finish line on Bellingham Bay. Organized by the Bellingham/Whatcom Chamber of Commerce & Industry, the event was first held in 1973 and traces it roots to the 1911 Mt. Baker Marathon.
• The Bellingham Bay Marathon, Half Marathon, 10K & 5K^[50] is held annually on the last Sunday in September, attracting approximately 2,500 runners and walkers each year. The Boston-qualifier marathon starts near Gooseberry Point on Lummi Nation, offers island and mountain vistas while circumnavigating Bellingham Bay, passes through farmland and neighborhoods, follows waterfront greenways, then climbs above the bay before returning to finish in front of Depot Market Square in downtown Bellingham. The half marathon, 10K, and 5K races all start and end at Depot Market Square, with each course featuring some of the same scenic views as the marathon. 100% of net proceeds from the event benefit Whatcom County non-profit youth organizations.
• The Whatcom Artist Studio Tour is an annual event featuring local artists working in a variety of media.^[51] On the first two weekends in October, artists open their studios up to the public.
• The Bellingham Highland Games & Scottish Festival is held every year at Ferndale's Hovander Park the first full weekend in June. The outdoor event celebrates Scottish culture and heritage, with two days of games, spectator sports, dancing, music and food.^[52]
• Whatcom Community College and Whatcom Human Rights Taskforce host the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Human Rights Conference on MLK weekend every January. Event workshops, guest speakers, a silent auction and food address the general theme of Human Rights as expressed in the teachings of Dr. King. This event has been held since 1998.^[53][54]
• LinuxFest Northwest^[55] is a free conference dedicated to discussion and development of the Linux operating system and other open-source and free-software projects. It is a weekend event held at Bellingham Technical College in late April or early May which draws more than a thousand enthusiasts from across the northwestern US and western Canada. Since the first conference in 2000 it has become one of the largest events of its kind.
• The annual International Day of Peace is celebrated in Bellingham on September 21. The holiday was instituted by the United Nations as a 24-hour global cease-fire. The Bellingham-based Whatcom Peace & Justice Center publishes a calendar^[56] of upcoming activist events with a theme of non-violence, community dissent, and worldwide Peace.
• The Bellingham Festival of Music^[57] is an annual celebration of orchestral and chamber concerts, held in July, hosting musicians from North American orchestral ensembles.
• Bellingham Pride is a gay pride parade and festival held in July each year to celebrate LGBT people and their friends. The parade takes place on a midsummer weekend, passing through the downtown and ending in the public market area.^[58][59]
• The Bellingham Wig Out, held each year the Friday before Memorial Day, is a celebration of fun and welcoming of Spring.^[60]
• The Bellingham Greek Festival is held each year in September the weekend after Labor Day at St. Sophia Greek Orthodox Church.
• The Imperial Sovereign Court of the Evergreen Empire is a drag queen charity organization that has been in Bellingham for more than 30 years. The group raises money for scholarships and other charitable organizations and holds their largest event, Coronation, the second Saturday of January each year. The Bellingham Gay Pageant is held the third Saturday of each September.^[61]
• The Subdued Stringband Jamboree is an annual three day music and arts festival in early August, primarily featuring area musicians and bands. It takes place at the Deming Log Show Grounds.^[62]

Beer

Craft beer is a major emerging industry in Bellingham. There are now 13 breweries within Bellingham city limits and two additional breweries in Whatcom County. In 2018, these breweries combined won 46 medals at seven national and international brewery competitions.^[63]

Downtown

In 2014, Bellingham's downtown was named #8 on Livability.com's Best Downtowns list.^[64]

The Bellingham Farmers Market^[65] is open on Saturdays from early April to late December. Originally opened in 1993, the Farmers Market now features more than fifty vendors, music and community events. There is a tradition that "on opening day a cabbage is thrown by a city official to a long standing vendor."{{cn|date=February 2019}} The association also operates a weekly Wednesday market in nearby Fairhaven.

Wednesday nights in the summer see Downtown Sounds, a family-friendly concert series featuring food booths and a beer garden with local breweries held on Bay Street.^[66]

From May to September, the Downtown Bellingham Partnership runs the Commercial Street Night Market, with local food, artisan vendors, live music and performances.^[67]

Local attractions

The Whatcom Museum of History and Art^[68] sponsors exhibits of painting, sculpture, local history, and is an active participant in the city's monthly Gallery Walks which are pedestrian tours of the historic buildings of the city, offering history and art lessons for local schools and adult groups, and historic cruises on Bellingham Bay.

The Bellingham Railway Museum has educational displays on the history of railroading in Whatcom County, as well as model trains and a freight-train simulator.

The SPARK Museum of Electrical Invention,^[69] formerly known as the American Museum of Radio and Electricity, has a collection of rare artifacts from 1580 into the 1950s, providing educational resources about the history of electronics and radio broadcasting. The AMRE also operates KMRE-LP 102.3 FM, a low-power FM radio station which broadcasts a number of old shows popular many decades ago, as well as programming of general interest to the community.

Mindport^[70] is a privately funded arts and science museum.

Whatcom Falls Park is a {{convert|241|acre|km2|adj=on}} large public park encompassing the Whatcom Creek gorge, running directly through the heart of the city. It has four sets of waterfalls and several miles of walking trails. Popular activities during warmer weather include swimming, fishing, and strolling along the numerous walking trails.^[71] About {{convert|50|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} east of Bellingham the Mount Baker Ski Area is home to many of the world's first snowboarding champions, and holds the world record for the greatest amount of snowfall in one season (winter 1998–1999). During most years the depth of accumulated snow exceeds {{convert|12|ft|m|abbr=on}}.

South of the city of Bellingham Chuckanut Drive (Washington State Route 11) has cliffside views of the sea, the San Juan Islands and the Olympic Mountains, the hills and forests of the Chuckanut mountains, and several small bays along the edge of the Salish Sea.

Several miles from Bellingham in the southern part of Whatcom County there are many places forf outdoor recreation, including: Larrabee State Park (popular for hiking), Lake Padden (popular for swimming, fishing and golfing), and Lake Samish.

To the east of the city lies Lake Whatcom, a beautiful natural resource which provides the local public water supply and is the source of Whatcom Creek.

Between Lake Whatcom and Lake Padden is North Lookout Mountain, known locally as Galbraith Mountain, with many mountain bike trails.

In the waters of the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound it is possible to go whale watching. Several pods of orcas (killer whales) are known to travel from the open Pacific Ocean into the area, and families of these huge aquatic creatures can be seen swimming and hunting near the local bays and islands.{{cn|date=February 2019}}

Bellis Fair, the city's main shopping mall, opened in 1988.

Music scene

Bellingham has traditionally had a natural advantage of drawing many diverse and highly acclaimed acts to perform at various venues due to being located on a major highway halfway between two major cities. The presence of a large university-age population has helped Bellingham become home to a number of regionally and nationally noted musical groups such as Death Cab for Cutie, Odesza, The Posies, Crayon, Idiot Pilot, Mono Men, No-Fi Soul Rebellion, Sculptured, Federation X, The Trucks, Black Eyes and Neckties, Black Breath, and Shook Ones. Local independent record labels include Estrus Records and Clickpop Records. The town is also home to What's Up! Magazine – a publication devoted to the local music scene for over 15 years, as well as being the hometown of the worldwide "Lemonade Magazine" which is devoted to music and entertainment of all kinds.^[72] Its location, universities, record labels, and music magazines have all contributed to making Bellingham a desirable and recognized local music scene.^[73]

Bellingham is also the home of an active classical music scene which includes the Whatcom Symphony Orchestra, North Sound Youth Symphony, numerous community music groups and choirs, and the internationally recognized Bellingham Festival of Music.

Literary scene

Bellingham is home to an active writers community at the local universities and independent of them. Western Washington University's English Department publishes the Bellingham Review.^[74] In 2011 the city hosted the first annual Chuckanut Writers Conference,^[75] run by Whatcom Community College and Village Books,^[76] a local bookstore. Clover, A Literary Rag, a publication of the Independent Writers' Studio, has produced 9 volumes since 2010.^[77] The city is home to a number of well-known writers including Steve Martini, Clyde Ford, and George Dyson. Bellingham Public Library^[78] provides free library services at the Central Library, Barkley Branch and Fairhaven Branch. Holds pickup is also available at the BTC, WCC and WWU Connections.

Local theater

Bellingham is home to a rich theater culture which is further boosted by the performing arts department at Western Washington University. There are several notable theaters and productions in Bellingham:

• Bellingham Theatre Guild – This non-profit community theater is nearly 80 years old. Hilary Swank performed here before moving to LA to pursue her career in acting.
• Historic Mount Baker Theatre – This beautifully restored theater built in 1927 features a fine example of Moorish architecture and is the largest performing arts facility north of Seattle. The theater is listed on the register of National Historic Places.^[79]
• Upfront Theatre,^[80] an improv comedy venue established by Bellingham resident Ryan Stiles of Whose Line Is It Anyway? fame.
• Northwest Ballet, a regional ballet company, performs classical ballets like The Firebird, Petrushka and Daphnis et Chloé, as well as annual productions of The Nutcracker. Northwest Ballet's regional ballet, Emerald Bay is set in Fairhaven in 1885 and features historical characters like Dirty Dan Harris, Goon Dip, and Mark Twain.
• iDiOM Theater — Voted 'Best Performance Theater' two years in a row by the readers of Bellingham's Cascadia Weekly, iDiOM Theater is an independent, non-profit regional theater, and almost every show is new, locally written work.
• Firehouse Performing Arts Center, a Fairhaven firehouse converted into a dance classroom and theatre, features audience seating descending from the ceiling in a counterweight system and a radiant-heated wood floor. Performances include theatre, music, and dance.
• The high schools of Bellingham School District perform a combined musical production every several years.

Flag

The Bellingham Flag, designed by Bradley Lockhart, was the winner of a contest held by the Downtown Bellingham Partnership in 2015.^[81] The flag design consists of a blue field, representing Bellingham Bay, four green stripes, representing the original four towns that joined to become Bellingham, two four-pointed white stars to represent the Lummi and Nooksack tribes, and three wavy white lines that represent 'Whatcom = noisy waters'.^[82]

Lockhart has placed the design in the public domain.^[83] One of more than 50 city flag design projects instigated by the Roman Mars TED Talk,^[84] the Bellingham Flag has been widely embraced by citizens and businesses. It flies on local flagpoles, hangs in restaurants and breweries, and appears on T-shirts, stickers, and skateboards.^[85] On April 24, 2017, the Bellingham City Council adopted it as the official city flag.^[86]

In recognition of his work on the flag and its success in the community, Lockhart was given a 2016 Whatcom Dispute Resolution Center Peace Builder Award^[87] a Lifetime Achievement Award from What's Up! Magazine and named to the Bellingham Business Journal's Top 7 Under 40 list.^[88]

Activism

Bellingham is home to the longest-running Peace vigil in the United States. Started by Howard and Rosemary Harris more than 48 years ago, it has seen more than 4 generations. It is held on the corner of Magnolia Street and Cornwall, in front of the Federal Building, every Friday starting at 4 pm and usually lasts until about 5 pm.^[89][90]

International Day of Peace has been observed for the last six years by hundreds of participants. The event commemorates the United Nations' observance of September 21 as a day for international peace and cease-fire. Participants hold a rally at Maritime Heritage Park, and then marched to an event at First Congregational Church.^[91][92]

The Whatcom Peace & Justice Center was founded in 2002 by local activists, and has been one of the most active such centers in the nation.^[93][94]

Bellingham has a strong chapter of Code Pink,^[95] Veterans For Peace,^[96] and also a chapter of Iraq Veterans Against the War, Chapter #32.^[97]

Bellingham has two strong chapters of Food Not Bombs. The Sunday chapter has been serving for more than ten years. Food is served Sundays at 4:00pm at the intersection of Railroad and Holly. The Friday chapter serves during Bellingham's Peace Vigil on Cornwall and Magnolia, also at 4:00.

In October 2006, the Bellingham City Council passed a Troops Home! resolution, making Bellingham the first city in the state of Washington to pass the resolution.^[98] Two years later, the City Council passed a resolution urging elected representatives and the federal government to avoid war with Iran, becoming the first city in the state to do so.^[99] More recently, in 2012, the City Council unanimously passed a resolution calling upon the federal government to overturn the Supreme Court's decision in the case of FEC v. Citizens United by declaring that U.S. Constitutional rights apply to natural persons and not to corporations.^[100] In 2014, coinciding with Columbus Day that celebrates the arrival of European explorers, the City Council officially established Coast Salish Day to celebrate the Native American peoples who continue to call the geographic region their home.^[101]

In 2015 the Seattle Arctic drilling protests spread to Bellingham when a protester chained herself to the anchor chain of a Royal Dutch Shell ship for 63 hours.^[102]

Future development

Bellingham is frequently named on Best Places to Retire lists;^{[103][104][105]} 2008-2013 population growth in the 55+ year old segment outpaced overall population growth, at 3.7% to 0.8% annually.^[106] However, the high cost of housing has also caused it to be listed among America's Worst Cities as well.^[107] (In 2016 Washington State scored the fastest growing housing prices in the country.^[108])

Bellingham saw apartment vacancy hit 0.6% in 2016, and plans to use multi-family housing to accommodate more than 50% of the projected growth in housing units (16,525 units by 2036).^[109] According to Aaron Terrazas, senior economist at Zillow, "Given the area's pace of growth, it would require very aggressive building to keep rent affordability in check."^[110]

The City has resisted expanding the Urban Growth Area for many years,^[111] and hopes to fit both multi-family and single-family growth within the city limits.^[109] Builders counter that even City planners acknowledge that the city is "largely built out" and that the remaining land is difficult or expensive to build on.^[112] Attempts to increase density, ease restrictions on 'accessory dwelling units',^[113] or even to develop land already zoned residential, are regularly met with fierce neighborhood opposition: Padden Trails was opposed by the Samish Neighborhood Association;^[114][115] a dense development at the Sunnyland D.O.T. site was scaled-down;^[116] Fairhaven neighbors led the effort to prevent the development of Fairhaven Highlands,^[117] (now Chuckanut Ridge), which the City ended up purchasing for $8.2 million,^[118] preventing more than 700 new housing units;^[119] neighborhood groups pressured the City Council to go against staff recommendation to rezone Squalicum Lofts for residential development.^[120]

In 2017 the Bellingham City Council began acknowledging housing affordability as a critical issue,^[121] and hosted a town hall meeting on housing affordability and homelessness.^[122]

Waterfront redevelopment

The Bellingham waterfront has served as an industrial center for more than a century, starting with the arrival of Henry Roeder and Russell Peabody in the mid-1800s.^[123]

Georgia-Pacific purchased the Puget Sound Pulp and Timber Company in 1963 and operated a pulp mill on the central downtown waterfront until 2001. In 1965, G-P built a Chlor-Alkali facility, which became a source of mercury contamination in the Whatcom Waterway and on the uplands of the site for decades. The documentary film, "Smells Like Money – The Story of Bellingham's Georgia Pacific Plant"^[124] tells the story of the site, which has since been purchased by the Port of Bellingham chiefly to create a marina in the {{convert|37|acre|m2|adj=on}} wastewater lagoon.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} The Port of Bellingham purchased the G-P site for $10 with the understanding that the port would assume liability for the contamination.^[125] The City of Bellingham and the Port of Bellingham entered into several interlocal agreements in which the City agreed to pay for all infrastructure costs, and the Port would create a marina, clean up the site, and retain all zoning.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

The cleanup site (approximately 74 acres) was divided into two areas: Pulp and Tissue Mill area and the Chlor-Alkali area. Contaminated soils and building materials were removed in 2011 and 2013; the Department of Ecology finalized the Interim Cleanup Work Plan in January 2017,^[126] and that work was completed in April 2017 when 31 acres were capped with a protective barrier.^[127] Work continues on evaluating cleanup alternatives for the entire Chlor-Alkali area of the site.^[126]

The City and Port have entered into a partnership to redevelop the property, and in 2013 contracted with Harcourt Developments to develop 19 acres.^[128] The Granary Building remodel will be completed in 2017; Harcourt has submitted plans for two waterfront condo buildings in 2018 and 2019; the City will be constructing two main roads through the side in 2017.^[129]

Sports

The people of Bellingham pursue a diverse range of amateur sports, with skiing and snowboarding at the Mount Baker Ski Area popular in the winter and kayaking and cycling in the summer. Mt. Baker claims an unofficial world record for seasonal snowfall, with {{convert|1140|in|mm}} recorded in the 1998–1999 season.^[133]

Western Washington University, located in Bellingham, is home to NCAA Division II National Women's Rowing Champions. Although always nationally ranked, the Lady Vikings, in 2005, became Western's very first NCAA champion team and won again in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2011. The 2011-2012 Western Men's Basketball team won the NCAA Division II National Championship. In 2016, the nationally ranked Western Women's Soccer Team won the NCAA Division II National Championship.

.

Western Washington University also operates a successful collegiate road cycling program that took top-5 positions nationwide at the 2006 nationals.^[134]

Future Hall of Famer Ken Griffey Jr. began his professional career with the Bellingham Mariners. He played in the Northwest League on the team based in Bellingham.^[135]

Media

Newspapers

Television

Bellingham and Whatcom County are part of the Seattle television market. The area has had exceptionally early and strong penetration of cable television since the 1950s, and there have never been any local translators of the major Seattle TV stations.

Stations in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, can be viewed over the air with a suitable antenna, but those in Seattle are too distant to receive in most locations in the county. Whatcom County residents can also receive CBC and CTV stations via cable service. The KVOS broadcast is available in most parts of Bellingham with an antenna as well.

The City of Bellingham also operates a public access channel available to Comcast cable customers on Channel 10.^[141]

Magazines

• Bellingham on Tap is a monthly nightlife magazine featuring complete happy hour and bar special listings, reviews, events, local interest articles, and columns including sex advice, rants, and astrology.^[142]
• Bellingham Alive Magazine is a bi-monthly lifestyle magazine focusing on life in Whatcom, Skagit, San Juan and Island counties.^[143]
• Frequency The Snowboarder's Journal is an independent snowboarding magazine based in Bellingham, published quarterly.
• What's Up! is a monthly music magazine focused on local music. It covers live shows, band bios and new artist releases.^[144]
• Business Pulse has been covering Bellingham and Whatcom County business news and business profiles since 1975.^[145]
• The Betty Pages is a monthly publication serving the LGBT and alternative lifestyle communities.^[146]
• Bible Study Magazine is a Christian magazine printed and distributed by Logos Bible Software, which is based in Bellingham.^[147]
• Southside Living is mailed directly to residents of Bellingham's Chuckanut Drive, Edgemoor, Fairhaven, and South Hill neighborhoods.^[148]

AM radio

FM radio

Notable people

• Carlos Becerra (actor) Carlos from Carspotting on Discovery^[149][150]
• Jon Auer – vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, founding member of the Posies
• Steve Baker - professional motorcycle racer and member of the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame^[151]
• Billy Burke – television and film actor, Twilight, Zoo
• Ryan Hietala - professional golfer
• Misha Collins - actor and musician
• Ben Gibbard – lead singer for Death Cab for Cutie
• Yolanda Hughes-Heying – IFBB professional bodybuilder
• Paul Jessup, world record holder for discus; competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.^[152]
• Anna Leader (born 1996), award-winning poet and novelist
• Jake Locker - (born in Bellingham), quarterback for University of Washington and NFL's Tennessee Titans
• Dana Lyons – folk and alternative rock musician, author, environmentalist
• Cuddles Marshall - major league baseball player for the New York Yankees and St. Louis Browns
• Ryan Stiles - Lewis Kiniski on The Drew Carey Show. Herb Melnick on the CBS comedy Two and a Half Men^[153][154]
• Philip McCracken - artist, senator, activist
• Jason McGerr – drummer for Death Cab for Cutie
• Tommy Noonan - wealthy fiancé of Lorelei Lee (Marilyn Monroe) in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
• Jeff Ragsdale - author, activist, national game show champion
• Bob Arbogast - deceased radio-television host and voice actor.
• Roger Repoz - major league baseball player
• Ken Stringfellow – vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, founding member of the Posies
• Hilary Swank - two-time Oscar-winning actress
• Danny Abramowicz - former NFL wide receiver
• Christopher Wise - author
• Doug Pederson - head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL).
• Ben Weber (actor) - film and television actor

Infrastructure

Transportation

The Bellingham International Airport offers regularly scheduled commuter flights to and from Seattle and Friday Harbor, Washington, and regularly scheduled jet service to Los Angeles, San Diego, Oakland, and Palm Springs, California; Las Vegas, Nevada; Reno, Nevada, and Phoenix/Mesa, Arizona. In 2010, Alaska airlines began regularly scheduled direct flights to Hawaii. The airport is home of the first Air and Marine Operations Center,^[155] to assist the US Department of Homeland Security with border surveillance.

Fairhaven Station provides Bellingham with regularly scheduled Amtrak Cascades passenger rail service to Seattle, Portland, Oregon and to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Whatcom Transportation Authority offers regular scheduled bus service throughout the Bellingham area and Whatcom county, including service to Mt. Vernon, Kendall, Sumas, and Blaine.

The Fairhaven section of the city is the southern terminus of the Alaska Marine Highway. The ferry service offers vehicle and passenger service north to Ketchikan, Alaska and points north including Juneau and Haines. San Juan Cruises, located at the Alaska Ferry Terminal, provides seasonal passenger ferry service to the San Juan Islands / Friday Harbor.

Sister cities

Bellingham maintains sister city relationships with five Pacific Rim port cities and Vaasa, Finland.^[156][157]

Tateyama and Port Stephens are also sister cities with each other.

Bellingham Sister Cities Association is very active in promoting Bellingham's sister city relationships and is very well supported by the community. The relationship with Tateyama, the oldest relationship (which celebrated its 50th year in 2008), is the most active and includes regular events such as an annual city hall staff exchange and community cultural visits. Tateyama frequently fields a team for the annual Ski to Sea race, or at minimum has representation in the Ski to Sea parade.

See also

• {{Portal inline|size=tiny|Bellingham, Washington}}
• Olympic Pipeline explosion

Notes