“Bell Media”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bell Media Inc. (Canadian French: {{lang|fr|Bell Média}}) is the mass media subsidiary of BCE Inc. (also known as Bell Canada Enterprises, the parent company of the former telephone monopoly Bell Canada). Its operations include television broadcasting and production (including the CTV and CTV Two television networks), radio broadcasting (through Bell Media Radio), digital media (including CraveTV) and Internet properties including Sympatico.ca.

Bell Media is the successor-in-interest to Baton Broadcasting (later CTV Inc.), one of Canada's first private-sector television broadcasters. The company in its current form was originally established as Bell Globemedia by BCE and the Thomson family in 2001 combining CTV Inc., which Bell had acquired the previous year, and the operations of the Thomsons' The Globe and Mail. Bell sold the majority of its interest in 2006 (at which point the company was renamed CTVglobemedia), but re-acquired the entire company, excluding the Globe, in 2011.

History

History before 2011

Baton Broadcasting

For all practical purposes, Bell Media is the successor to Baton Broadcasting Inc. ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|t|ɒ|n}} {{respell|BAY|ton}}), which by the late 1990s had become one of Canada's largest broadcasters.

Baton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting Ltd. was originally formed in 1960 to operate Toronto's first private TV station, CFTO-TV. The original investors included the Bassett and Eaton families, Joel Aldred and Ted Rogers, and Foster Hewitt in a much smaller role. Aldred sold his shares in 1961, followed by Rogers by 1970; with the Bassett and Eaton families firmly in control, the company went public in the early 1970s. CFTO was one of the charter affiliates of CTV when that network formed in 1961, becoming the network's flagship. In 1966, Baton became a part-owner in the network when it was reorganized as a station-owned cooperative. The Board of Broadcast Governors was initially skeptical about the proposal to turn CTV into a cooperative. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station in the network, the BBG feared Baton would take advantage of this to dominate the network. However, it approved the deal after Baton and the other owners included a provision in the cooperative's bylaws stipulating that the eight station owners would each have a single vote regardless of audience share. Additionally, if one owner ever bought another station, the acquired station's shares would be redistributed among the remaining owners so that each owner would still have one vote out of eight.

In 1972, Baton began purchasing other CTV affiliates, starting with CFQC-TV in Saskatoon. This did not, however, give Baton a substantially higher investment in CTV, since its shares were redistributed among the other owners. As a result, Baton still had only one vote out of eight.

In 1987, Baton began a concerted effort to take over CTV. It started this drive with a further expansion into Saskatchewan, purchasing CKCK-TV in Regina, Yorkton twinstick CKOS-TV/CICC-TV, and CBC affiliate CKBI-TV Prince Albert. A twinstick CTV affiliate was soon launched in Prince Albert, CIPA-TV.

In the late 1980s, Baton applied for a high-power station in Ottawa on channel 60. The licence was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), appealed to federal cabinet by rival broadcasters, and ultimately sent back to the CRTC for review.^[2] However the licence was surrendered when Baton was instead able to acquire the local CTV affiliate, CJOH-TV, from Allan Slaight's Standard Broadcasting.

In 1990, Baton purchased the MCTV system of twinstick operations in Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury, Timmins, and the Huron Broadcasting twinstick in Sault Ste. Marie. In 1993, Baton purchased CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham and received a licence for a new independent station, CHWI-TV, in Windsor.

In 1991, the company launched Ontario Network Television, a secondary affiliation carried by Baton's CTV and independent stations in Ontario. This was expanded in 1994 into the Baton Broadcast System, or BBS, which included Baton's Saskatchewan stations. BBS was meant as a backup in case Baton's ongoing acquisitions did not translate into control of CTV itself. A year earlier, CTV had been recently restructured into a corporation, with each owner holding a 14.3 percent stake in the network. However, any future acquisitions by Baton would come with all of that affiliate's CTV shares. It was around this time that former CBC executive Ivan Fecan joined the company.

Baton-Electrohome alliance

In 1996, the CRTC approved two major deals involving Baton. First was the acquisition of CFCN-TV in Calgary from Rogers Communications, which had recently purchased Maclean Hunter. Second, Baton and Electrohome, owner of CKCO-TV in Kitchener and CFRN-TV in Edmonton, formed an alliance, under which the companies would share ownership of CFCN, Baton's stations in Saskatchewan and its independent stations in southwestern Ontario, and Electrohome's CKCO. The deals doubled Baton's own interest in CTV to 28.6%. However, as part of the deal, Baton took control of Electrohome's CTV vote, allowing it to command 42.9% of CTV's shares.^[3]

In January 1997, Baton-Electrohome's "Vancouver Television" proposal emerged as the CRTC's choice for the new independent station in Vancouver, beating out four other competitors. The new station, CIVT-TV, would compete directly with Western International Communications's two CTV affiliates in the market when it was launched that fall.^[4]

On February 25, 1997, the Baton-Electrohome alliance and CHUM Limited announced that several stations would be swapped between them. Baton-Electrohome would acquire CHUM's Atlantic Television System (ATV), consisting of four CTV affiliates in the Maritimes, the Atlantic Satellite Network (ASN), and a further 14.3% in CTV. CHUM would receive Baton's independent stations in southwestern Ontario, as well as CHRO-TV in Pembroke, which had recently disaffiliated from CTV. The Baton-Electrohome alliance now held 57.2% of CTV.

Shortly thereafter, Electrohome announced it would sell its broadcasting assets – including CFRN its interest in the alliance and its CTV shares – to Baton in exchange for cash and shares in Baton. These two deals were approved by the CRTC in August.^[5] Baton now held controlling interest in CTV, triggering a put option that allowed the other owners to sell their stakes in the network while still keeping their stations. Accordingly, Baton acquired the remaining CTV shares from WIC and Moffat Communications, which remained affiliates for the moment, that fall.

The BBS television system was merged into CTV, with the company itself being renamed CTV Inc. the following year. The Eatons' remaining shares, representing 41% of Baton, were sold off to the general public in early 1998. By the end of 2001, nearly all CTV stations were consolidated under network ownership (including one replacement).

NetStar Communications

NetStar Communications Inc. (previously Labatt Communications Inc., and currently CTV Specialty Television Inc.) was formed by Labatt Brewing Company to hold that firm's broadcasting assets, which included TSN, RDS, Viewers Choice and Discovery Channel. In 1995, when the parent company was sold to the foreign brewing conglomerate Interbrew, a consortium of four Canadian investors - Stephen Bronfman (22.5%), the Caisse (22.5%), Reitmans (16.5%), and senior management (6.5%) - along with ESPN, with 32%, took over the company.^[6]

After a takeover attempt by CanWest Global that was vetoed by ESPN, CTV announced a friendly bid to take over NetStar Communications in early 1999, with CRTC approval on March 24, 2000.

Under BCE ownership: Bell Globemedia (2000-2006)

At the beginning of the 2000s, CTV (including the NetStar assets) was folded into a new media venture, Bell Globemedia Inc. (abbreviated "BGM"). This was masterminded by former Bell Canada chief executive Jean Monty, largely as a response to Canwest's purchase of the Southam newspaper chain as well as the trend of media convergence, particularly the AOL-Time Warner merger. Monty believed that, to survive in a changing technological landscape, and in particular to drive subscriptions to satellite television provider Bell ExpressVu and internet service provider Bell Sympatico, BCE had to have control over content.

The transaction was structured as follows: In 2000, BCE acquired CTV Inc. in an all-cash transaction valued at $2.3 billion (CAD).^[7] Soon after, Monty arranged to have Thomson Corporation transfer control of The Globe and Mail, the Toronto-based national newspaper, to BCE in exchange for a significant (20%) interest in the merged CTV/Globe entity. The Thomsons' family holding company, The Woodbridge Company Ltd., invested in the company directly to obtain an additional 9.9% interest, and later bought Thomson Corp.'s interests itself.

The resulting company, Bell Globemedia, consisted of CTV, The Globe and Mail, and the internet portal then known as Sympatico-Lycos (Lycos was later replaced by MSN). Fecan was named the combined firm's president and CEO, a role he remained in for the duration of the BGM / CTVgm era. After Monty resigned and was replaced by Michael Sabia in 2002, it became clear that Monty's vision was not producing anything near the desired results, notwithstanding the good results for the individual units, particularly the CTV network.

The following years provided a few cosmetic changes in BGM's assets. In 2001, CTV acquired CKY-TV in Winnipeg and CFCF-TV in Montreal, and moved the CTV affiliation in British Columbia to CIVT, replacing two affiliates that had been purchased by Canwest. That fall also brought the launch of the first digital specialty channels, including several owned by CTV.

The company acquired partial ownership in TQS in 2002, the Sympatico portal was sold back to Bell Canada, while a further investment from the Thomsons (whose ownership increased to 31.5%) funded the acquisition of 15% of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment. However, beginning in 2003, BCE management began to refer to BGM as a non-core asset; as a result, much attention was given to the likely sale of the company, and potentially a breakup into several different pieces.

Reorganization and CHUM Limited merger (2006-2011)

On December 2, 2005, Bell Canada Enterprises (BCE) announced it would sell an 8.5% interest to Woodbridge (increasing their total ownership to 40%), a 20% interest to Torstar, and a 20% interest to the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan. BCE retained 20% of the group - a condition that ensured that Bell TV, Sympatico, and other Bell units continued to have access to Globemedia content. The transaction closed on August 30, 2006.^[8]

This deal put to rest any rumours about a possible breakup of the company. However, Torstar's involvement led to additional media concentration concerns, mainly from media unions. Torstar insisted it was committed to maintaining the editorial independence of the Globe and its own Toronto Star, and ultimately there were no major regulatory hurdles due to this.

On September 7, 2006, in order to pay for the CHUM acquisition, BGM sold additional shares to its existing shareholders. BCE did not participate in the refinancing; the net effect was an increase in Teachers' ownership to 25%, while BCE's interest was reduced to 15%.^[9] As a result of BCE's reduced ownership, the company was renamed as CTVglobemedia as of January 1, 2007.

In April 2007, Rogers Communications announced a tentative deal to purchase A-Channel, CKX-TV, Access Alberta, Canadian Learning Television, and SexTV: The Channel from CTVglobemedia, if its purchase of CHUM was approved. Astral Media made a similar deal for CHUM's 50% interest in MusiMax and MusiquePlus.

That June, the CRTC approved the CHUM takeover, on condition that CTV sell off the Citytv stations, because of the CTV network's O&O stations serving the very same cities. CTV ultimately chose to keep the A-Channel stations along with the rest of CHUM assets it had previously said it would sell, except for MusiquePlus/MusiMax. Rogers Communications was announced as the buyer of the Citytv stations on June 11, 2007, and the CHUM acquisition was finalized on June 22.

Since then, CTVglobemedia has sold off its interests in various non-core channels. Rogers has purchased several of these assets, including CTV's 33% interest in OLN in late 2007, as well as radio stations CHST-FM in London, Ontario and CHBN-FM in Edmonton, Alberta in 2010.^[10]^[11] Corus Entertainment would acquire Canadian Learning Television, The Channel, and Drive-In Classics for a combined $113 million. TQS entered bankruptcy protection and was ultimately acquired by Remstar (which renamed the network "V"). Meanwhile, Glassbox Television acquired travel + escape in late 2010. In two cases where operations were closed down, specifically CBC affiliate CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba, which left the air in October 2009 after a deal to sell that station to Bluepoint Investment Corporation fell through and the A station in Wingham, CKNX-TV which left the air one month prior to CKX and is now a rebroadcaster of the A station in London, CFPL-TV.

CTVglobemedia acquired Toronto station CFXJ-FM from Milestone Radio in 2010.^[12]^[13]

On September 10, 2010, BCE announced plans to re-acquire 100% of the company's broadcasting arm, including CTV Inc. Under the deal, Woodbridge, Torstar, and Teachers' would together receive $1.3 billion in either cash or equity in BCE, while BCE would also assume $1.7 billion in debt (BCE's existing equity interest is $200 million, for a total transaction value of $3.2 billion). Woodbridge would also regain majority control of the Globe and Mail Inc., with Bell retaining a 15% interest. The overall deal was expected to close by April 2011.^[14] However, the sale of the Globe, which did not require CRTC approval, was completed in late December 2010.^[15] The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 7, 2011,^[16]^[17] and officially closed on April 1, 2011.^[18]

Expansion

On December 9, 2011, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan announced the sale of its majority stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment to BCE and its rival, Rogers Communications, in a deal valued at around $1.32 billion. Additionally, Larry Tanenbaum increased his stake in the company to 25%.^[19] and was closed in August 2012.

On March 16, 2012, BCE announced that it had entered in an agreement to acquire Montreal-based broadcaster Astral Media for an estimated value at $3.38 billion; the assets of which were to be incorporated into Bell Media. The acquisition was primarily centered on Astral's premium services (such as The Movie Network and its stake in HBO Canada) and its French-language radio and television stations. Bell planned to use Astral's premium offerings to enhance its own multi-platform services to compete against the likes of services such as Netflix, and its French media outlets to better compete against the dominant Québecor Média.^[20] The merger was notably opposed by a coalition of competing cable providers (which included Cogeco, EastLink, and Vidéotron{{emdash}}the last of which is also owned by Québecor Média, who felt that Bell's control of a majority of Canadian media would harm consumer choice, and lead to increased carriage fees which could cripple smaller cable companies.^[21]

BCE's first proposal was denied by the CRTC in October 2012; the commission believed that the combined company would have had too much market power. Soon afterward, Bell and Astral began to negotiate a second proposal that would involve selling most of Astral's English-language television channels in order to quell fears by the CRTC.^[22]^[23]^[24] On March 18, 2013, the Competition Bureau cleared the revised proposal, which called for the sale of several channels and radio stations to Corus Entertainment and other parties.^[25] Unlike the previous deal, which would have given Bell a 42% share of the English-language television market, the new deal would only give Bell a total market share of 35.7%, but still increase its French-language market share to 23% (in comparison to 8% before).^[26] Following hearings by the CRTC in May 2013,^[27] the CRTC approved Bell's acquisition of Astral Media on June 27, 2013. The deal is subject to conditions, including the requirement to provide fair treatment to its competitors, to not impose "restrictive bundling practices" on Astral's premium movie channels, invest $246.9 million over the next seven years on Canadian-produced programming, and to maintain the operation and local programming levels of all of its television stations through 2017. The CRTC also approved Bell's proposed exemptions for maintaining ownership of Montreal's CKGM.^[28]^[29]

On June 6, 2013, Bell announced that Bravo would be its first network to implement a TV Everywhere service, which would allow subscribers to Bravo on participating television service providers to stream video on demand content and the Bravo channel live via the Bravo Go app. Apps for some of its other networks were also released over the following months.^[30]

Layoffs, new partnerships

In December 2014, Bell Media launched CraveTV, a subscription video on-demand service.^[31] Initially, the service was available only through television providers; Bell Media president Kevin Crull argued that Bell did not want the service to cannibalize its linear television business, because its content "[would not] exist if you didn't have the traditional TV system. So you really can't sustainably have one without the other."^[32]

On April 9, 2015, Crull stepped down as president of Bell Media, and was replaced by Mary Ann Turcke, the subsidiary's former head of media sales. The move came following allegations reported by The Globe and Mail that, after the CRTC's March 2015 decision to mandate that pay television providers offer a la carte packages, Crull ordered all Bell-owned news properties, including CTV News, not to air any interviews with or footage depicting CRTC head Jean-Pierre Blais during reports regarding the decision. Although the CTV News Channel program Power Play and a report aired on local evening newscasts complied with Crull's order, the CTV National News that night defied Crull's demand by airing a story on the changes that included remarks by Blais. CTV News president Wendy Freeman, Ottawa bureau chief Robert Fife, and the program's anchor Lisa LaFlamme felt that the inclusion of remarks by Blais were necessary due to the nature of the story. In response to the dismissal, BCE CEO George A. Cope explained that the journalistic independence of its news operations were "paramount importance to our company and to all Canadians".^[33]^[34]

Shortly after taking the position, Turcke was criticized for remarks that considered the use of virtual private network services to evade geo-blocking and access the U.S. version of subscription video on demand service Netflix to be "stealing".^[35]^[36]^[37]

In late-August 2015, Bell Media began a series of layoffs, which included directors and vice presidents. On November 6, 2015, additional layoffs of 380 jobs from production, editorial, sales, and administrative roles in Toronto and Montreal were revealed.^[38] On November 17, 2015, further cuts were made, which included high-profile on-air talent from radio and television properties in Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver.^[39]

On November 20, 2015, Corus announced that it would wind down the operation of Movie Central, a premium television service that had been granted exclusivity in Western Canada, and cede its regional monopoly to Bell Media's The Movie Network, which was similarly restricted to Eastern Canada, allowing it to become available nationwide in 2016. Bell Media subsequently announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to all current HBO programming in Canada (rights previously shared with Corus due to its joint venture HBO Canada).^[40]

On January 6, 2016, iHeartMedia announced that it had partnered with Bell Media to launch a localized version of its online radio service iHeartRadio in Canada.^[41] On January 14, 2016, CraveTV became available as a standalone service without requiring an existing television subscription.^[42]

On May 4, 2016, Bell acquired rights to the programming and branding of Canadian specialty channel Gusto TV. The channel was shut down, and re-launched on September 1, 2016, replacing M3 under its existing Category A license.^[43]^[44]^[45]

On January 31, 2017, Bell Media announced that it planned to perform another round of layoffs in 24 locations, citing various developments across Canada's broadcasting industry, as well as the impact of recent regulatory decisions (such as one that prevents the federal simsub rules from being used on the Super Bowl, whose Canadian broadcast rights are currently owned by Bell Media).^[46]

Randy Lennox era

On February 27, 2017, Turcke left Bell to join the National Football League as president of NFL Media. She was succeeded as president by Randy Lennox.^[47] That month, Bell also announced that it had partnered with record executive Scott Borchetta to develop a new, international television format that would "uncover, develop, and promote pop culture's next musical superstars", and "leverage Bell Media's massive reach and extensive platforms to showcase musicians on the national and international stage."^[48] CTV officially announced the new series, The Launch, in April 2017.^[49]

On June 7, 2017, Wow Unlimited Media announced that it would acquire a specialty channel from the company (later revealed to be Comedy Gold)^[50] to form a new network targeting children and young adults, and provide children's television content for Bell's over-the-top ventures. As part of the purchase, BCE will take 3.4 million common voting shares in the company.^[51]

On August 9, 2017, Bell announced that it would acquire Larche Communications' four Ontario radio stations, pending CRTC approval.^[52]

On October 17, 2017, Bell Media announced its intent to acquire Historia and Séries+—two French-language networks whose Astral-owned stakes were divested during its acquisition by Bell—from Corus Entertainment for $200 million.^[53] On May 28, 2018, both transactions were blocked by the Competition Bureau, citing a condition on the Bell/Astral deal which forbade Bell from re-acquiring properties divested in the sale for 10 years after its completion.^[54]

On January 23, 2018, Bell Media announced that it had reached licensing agreements with Starz Inc. and Lionsgate, and that TMN Encore would be rebranded under the Starz brand in 2019, featuring its programming.^[55]^[56] The following month, Bell launched SnackableTV, a streaming video app with short-form content from Bell Media properties and other sources.^[57]

In April 2018, Bell Media acquired a controlling stake in the Pinewood Toronto Studios complex.^[58] In May 2018, Bell Media announced that it, along with several other parties, would contribute French-language content to Radio-Canada's subscription streaming service Ici Tou.tv Extra.^[59]

In May 2018, Bell Media laid off 17 employees, resulting in the cancellation of Discovery's Daily Planet and Space's Innerspace.^[60]

On June 7, 2018, during the CTV upfronts, it was announced that four Bell Media specialty channels would re-brand in 2019, with Bravo, Comedy Network, Gusto, and Space respectively becoming CTV Drama, CTV Comedy, CTV Life, and CTV Sci-Fi. Two new ad-supported video-on-demand platforms were also announced: CTV Movies and CTV Vault. These rebrandings and launches will be incorporated into a larger, unified digital platform containing content from all six services.^[61]^[62]^[63] Later that day, it was also announced that Bell Media was one of two Canadian companies that had acquired a stake in the Montreal-based comedy festival Just for Laughs.^[64]

On August 16, 2018, Vice Media announced a long-term output deal with Bell Media, which will see its networks and properties hold rights to Viceland programming in Canada.^[65]

Operations

Bell Media's largest division is Bell Media Television, which owns the following broadcast television assets:

Bell Media Television also owns 40 cable television specialty channels, frequently in partnership with U.S. companies which operate similar channels, and primarily concentrated in the following genres:

Through its Bell Media Radio division, the company is also Canada's largest private-sector radio broadcaster and operates a localized version of iHeartMedia's iHeartRadio platform in Canada, even owning the radio syndication company Orbyt Media, which supplies its American programming from iHeartMedia's Premiere Networks division.

In addition, Bell Media also owns television & radio production studios and websites associated with all of the above properties, as well as the TheLoop.ca (formerly Sympatico.ca) Internet portal previously operated through Bell Canada.

Corporate logos

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Bell Media President Kevin Crull – Canada's Media System and Vertical Integration|url=http://www.cbj.ca/bell_media_president_kevin_crull_canada_s_media_system_and_verti/|publisher=Canadian Business Journal|accessdate=2015-03-08}}
2. ^Order Referring back to the CRTC a Decision Respecting Nation's Capital Television Incorporated, 28 April 1987
3. ^Decision CRTC 96-251, June 21, 1996
4. ^Decision CRTC 97-39, January 31, 1997
5. ^Decision CRTC 97-527, August 28, 1997
6. ^Broadcast Dialogue newsletter, January 21, 1999 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304175349/http://www.broadcastdialogue.com/pdfs/newsletters/1999/nl19990121_6_32.pdf |date=March 4, 2009 }}
7. ^BCE announces $2.3 billion bid for CTV, CBC.ca, February 25, 2000 (modified November 11, 2000); accessed August 9, 2006
8. ^"BGM Ownership Deal Closes {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202033123/http://www.cnw.ca/en/releases/archive/August2006/30/c9716.html |date=December 2, 2007 }}", BGM press release, August 30, 2006
9. ^Bell Globemedia Completes Financing to Pay for CHUM Limited Shares {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222027/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2006/07/c3905.html |date=2007-09-30 }}, BGM press release, September 7, 2006
10. ^Canada's Rogers Radio acquires Edmonton top 40 station 91.7 The Bounce {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627032732/http://www.radio-info.com/news/canadas-rogers-broadcasting-buys-edmonton-chr-bounce-fm |date=2010-06-27 }} -- Retrieved 2010-06-22
11. ^Canada's Rogers Radio acquires 102.3 Bob FM in London, Ontario {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804172359/http://www.radio-info.com/news/canadas-rogers-broadcasting-buys-bob-fm-in-london-ontario |date=2011-08-04 }} -- Retrieved 2010-06-22
12. ^Toronto`s rhythmic station Flow 93.5 is sold to CTVglobemedia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630220920/http://www.radio-info.com/news/torontos-urban-flow-935-is-sold-to-the-chum-radio-group |date=2010-06-30 }} -- Retrieved 2010-06-24
13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2010/2010-964.htm | title = ARCHIVED - Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2010-964 | author = Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission | date = 2010-12-23 | publisher = Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission | access-date = 2016-03-21 }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2010/10/c8677.html|title=Bell to acquire 100% of Canada's No.1 media company CTV|publisher=CNW Group|author=Bell Canada|date=2010-09-10|accessdate=2010-09-10}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/companies/article/915934--torstar-completes-first-stage-of-ctvglobemedia-sale|title=Torstar completes first stage of CTVglobemedia sale|work=Toronto Star|date=2011-01-04|accessdate=2011-01-09}}
16. ^CRTC approves BCE’s purchase of CTVglobemedia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305155104/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/com100/2011/r110307.htm |date=2015-03-05 }}, CRTC, March 7, 2011
17. ^Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2011-163, Change in effective control of CTVglobemedia Inc.'s licensed broadcasting subsidiaries, CRTC, March 7, 2011
18. ^CRTC approves BCE's purchase of CTVglobemedia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629000000/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20110307/crtc-approves-ctvglobemedia-purchase-by-bce-110307/ |date=June 29, 2011 }}
19. ^{{cite web|title=BCE and Rogers team up to buy 75 percent of MLSE(Toronto Maple Leafs)|accessdate=9 December 2011}}
20. ^{{cite web|last=Sturgeon|first=Jamie|title=Bell snaps up Astral Media for $3.38-billion|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/03/16/bce-snaps-up-astral-media-for-3-38-billion/|publisher=Financial Post|accessdate=29 April 2012}}
21. ^{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Julia|title=Cable company opposition to Bell's Astral purchase heats up|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/08/07/cable-company-opposition-to-bells-astral-purchase-heats-up/|publisher=Financial Post|accessdate=19 September 2012}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Astral confirms talks with BCE to resurrect takeover deal|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/astral-confirms-talks-with-bce-to-resurrect-takeover-deal/article5369161/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=17 November 2012|location=Toronto|date=16 November 2012}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-574|url=http://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2012/2012-574.htm|publisher=CRTC|accessdate=18 October 2012}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=CRTC kills BCE-Astral merger deal|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/crtc-kills-bce-astral-merger-deal/article4621510/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=18 October 2012|location=Toronto|date=18 October 2012}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Competition Bureau clears Corus acquisition of Astral assets|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/competition-bureau-clears-corus-acquisition-of-astral-assets/article9886090/|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=Canadian Press|accessdate=20 March 2013|location=Toronto|date=18 March 2013}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Competition Bureau OK's BCE-Astral deal, with conditions|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2013/03/04/business-bell-astral-competition.html|publisher=CBC News|accessdate=5 March 2013}}
27. ^{{cite web |title=Bell resistant to CRTC's TSN 690 proposal |url=https://montrealgazette.com/business/Bell+shoots+down+idea+selling+profitable+radio+station+keep/8345313/story.html |publisher=Montreal Gazette |accessdate=8 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508232611/http://www.montrealgazette.com/business/Bell%2Bshoots%2Bdown%2Bidea%2Bselling%2Bprofitable%2Bradio%2Bstation%2Bkeep/8345313/story.html |archivedate=8 May 2013 |df= }}
28. ^{{cite news|title=CRTC approves Bell/Astral deal with conditions|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/tech_news/2013/06/27/crtc_approves_bellastral_deal_with_conditions.html|work=Toronto Star|accessdate=5 July 2013|date=27 June 2013}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=CRTC approves Bell-Astral merger|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2013/06/27/business-bell-astral-crtc-decision.html|work=CBC|accessdate=5 July 2013}}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Bell Media to give subscribers full online access to Bravo|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-media-to-give-subscribers-full-online-access-to-bravo/article12377681/|work=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=6 June 2013|location=Toronto|date=6 June 2013}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-medias-cravetv-limited-to-tv-subscribers-costs-4-a-month/article21920967/|title=Bell Media's Cravetv launches with low-cost subscription|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2018-03-14}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=CraveTV 'not cannibalizing' resources away from traditional TV, says Bell Media president|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/12/03/cravetv-to-launch-next-week-as-bell-takes-on-netflix-shomi/?__lsa=e981-8360|accessdate=December 12, 2014|work=Financial Post}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Bell media head Kevin Crull departs over journalistic meddling|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-ousts-media-head-kevin-crull-over-journalistic-meddling/article23864190/|accessdate=9 April 2015|work=The Globe and Mail|date=9 April 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Bradshaw|first1=James|title=Bell head meddled in news coverage|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-head-meddled-in-ctv-news-coverage/article23607402/|accessdate=9 April 2015|work=The Globe and Mail|date=25 March 2015}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Accessing U.S. Netflix is 'stealing,' new Bell Media president says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-media-president-urges-behavioural-shift-to-prevent-stealing/article24783094/|accessdate=11 July 2015|work=The Globe and Mail}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Netflix 'stealing' comment nets backlash for Bell Media chief|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/tech_news/2015/06/04/netflix-stealing-comment-nets-backlash-for-bell-media-chief.html|website=Toronto Star|accessdate=11 July 2015}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Netflix 'stealing' comment shows Boomers are out of touch 0|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/06/09/netflix-stealing-comment-shows-boomers-are-out-of-touch|accessdate=11 July 2015|work=Toronto Sun|publisher=Postmedia Network}}
38. ^{{cite news|title=Bell Media to cut 270 jobs in Toronto, 110 in Montreal|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-media-to-cut-jobs-in-toronto-montreal/article27130545/?|accessdate=22 November 2015|work=The Globe and Mail}}
39. ^{{cite news |last=Bateman |first=David |date=November 18, 2015 |title=Bell Media mass job cut affects TV personalities|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/18/bell-media-mass-job-cut-affects-tv-personalities.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |access-date=November 19, 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Bell buys HBO rights across Canada as Corus backs out of pay TV|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bell-buys-hbo-rights-across-canada-as-corus-backs-out-of-pay-tv-1.3328375|accessdate=22 November 2015|agency=Canadian Press}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=iHeartRadio joins Canada's streaming market through partnership with Bell|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/iheartradio-joins-canadas-streaming-market-through-partnership-with-bell/article28028272/|accessdate=7 January 2016|work=The Globe and Mail}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=CraveTV now available to all Canadians with Internet|url=https://lfpress.com/2016/01/14/cravetv-now-available-to-all-canadians|website=London Free Press|agency=Canadian Press|publisher=Postmedia Network|accessdate=14 January 2016}}
43. ^{{cite web|title=Ottawa's Gusto TV to expand after deal with Bell Media|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/life/food/ottawas-gusto-tv-to-expand-after-deal-with-bell-media|website=Ottawa Citizen|accessdate=5 May 2016}}
44. ^{{cite web|title=Bell Media goes for Gusto, eyes lifestyle channel launch|url=http://realscreen.com/2016/05/04/bell-media-acquires-indie-gusto-tv/|website=Realscreen|accessdate=5 May 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=UPDATED: Bell TV dropping several channels, including CNBC, Shopping Channel|url=https://cartt.ca/article/updated-bell-tv-dropping-several-channels-including-cnbc-shopping-channel|website=Cartt.ca|accessdate=24 August 2016}}{{subscription required}}
46. ^{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Emily|title=Bell Media cites CRTC Super Bowl ad policy as a factor in latest round of layoffs|url=http://business.financialpost.com/fp-tech-desk/bell-media-cites-crtc-super-bowl-ad-policy-in-latest-round-of-layoffs|website=Financial Post|accessdate=1 February 2017}}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Bell Media juggling executives as president leaves for job at NFL|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bell-media-head-leaves-for-job-at-nfl/article34152044/|website=The Globe and Mail|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
48. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7678083/scott-borchetta-big-machine-bell-media-tv-talent-property|title=Scott Borchetta's Big Machine, Canada's Bell Media Ring Up Deal on New TV Talent Property|work=Billboard|access-date=2018-01-23}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bellmedia.ca/pr/press/ctv-unveils-the-launch-a-new-six-part-original-music-series-and-international-tv-format/|title=CTV Unveils THE LAUNCH, A New Six-Part Original Music Series and International TV Format - Casting for the Next Big Breakout Artist Open Now!|publisher=Bell Media|accessdate=23 November 2017}}
50. ^{{Cite news|url=https://cartt.ca/article/carttca-interview-bell-media-president-randy-lennox-talks-rich-uncles-teeter-totters-and-ty|title=The Cartt.ca Interview: Bell Media president Randy Lennox talks rich uncles, teeter-totters and Ty Cobb|work=Cartt.ca|access-date=2017-10-30|language=en}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://kidscreen.com/2017/06/08/wow-unlimited-to-acquire-channel-from-bell-media/|title=Wow Unlimited to acquire channel from Bell Media|first=Regan|last=Reid|date=June 8, 2017|accessdate=June 9, 2017|work=Kidscreen|publisher=Brunico Communications}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellmedia.ca/pr/press/bell-media-to-acquire-four-ontario-radio-stations-from-larche-communications-inc/|title=Bell Media to Acquire Four Ontario Radio Stations from Larche Communications Inc.|publisher=Bell Media|language=en|access-date=2017-08-10}}
53. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.fagstein.com/2017/10/17/bell-buys-series-historia/|title=Corus agrees to sell Séries+ and Historia to Bell Media for $200 million|last=Faguy|first=Steve|date=October 17, 2017|accessdate=October 18, 2017}}
54. ^{{Cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/telecom/media/analysts-predict-steeper-corus-dividend-cut-after-watchdog-blocks-200-million-sale-of-tv-stations-to-bell|title=Analysts predict steeper Corus dividend cut after watchdog blocks $200-million sale of TV stations to Bell|date=2018-05-28|work=Financial Post|access-date=2018-05-28|language=en-US}}
55. ^{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/starz-canada-bell-media-deal-expansion-1202673392/|title=Starz Expands Into Canada With Bell Media Pact|last=Littleton|first=Cynthia|date=2018-01-23|work=Variety|access-date=2018-01-23|language=en-US}}
56. ^{{Cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2018/01/in-first-global-foray-starz-sets-long-term-deal-with-bell-to-enter-canada-1202266954/|title=In First Global Foray, Starz Sets Long-Term Deal With Bell To Enter Canada|last=Hayes|first=Dade|date=2018-01-23|work=Deadline|access-date=2018-01-23|language=en-US}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8098100/bell-media-snackabletv-app-launch-clips|title=Bell Media Launches SnackableTV App With 'The Launch,' HBO Clips|work=Billboard|access-date=2018-06-08}}
58. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/canadas-bell-media-buys-control-pinewood-toronto-studios-1097872|title=Canada's Bell Media Buys Control of Pinewood Toronto Studios (Exclusive)|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2018-04-02|language=en}}
59. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-are-quebec-media-slightly-ahead-of-our-time/|title=Are Quebec media slightly ahead of our time?|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2018-06-07}}
60. ^{{Cite news|url=https://lfpress.com/business/bell-media-cancels-two-shows-lays-off-17-positions/wcm/95e624e2-1fea-4dc9-bc40-246564f4824d|title=Bell Media cancels shows 'Daily Planet' and 'Innerspace,' lays off 17 positions|date=2018-05-24|work=The London Free Press|agency=Canadian Press|access-date=2018-05-25|language=en-US}}
61. ^{{Cite news|url=http://worldscreen.com/tvcanada/bell-media-reveals-ctv-branded-bouquet-of-channels/|title=Bell Media Reveals CTV-Branded Bouquet of Channels|date=2018-06-07|work=TVCANADA|publisher=Worldscreen|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en-US}}
62. ^{{Cite news|url=https://cartt.ca/article/bell-media-creates-digital-super-hub-new-vod-services-rebranded-channels|title=Bell Media creates digital super-hub for new VoD services, rebranded channels|work=Cartt.ca|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en}}
63. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2018/06/07/ctv-unveils-their-fall-programming-slate-for-2018.html|title=Magnum P.I. reboot, new Jann Arden comedy on CTV's fall lineup|work=Toronto Star|access-date=2018-06-07|language=en}}
64. ^{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/bell-media-groupe-ch-among-group-that-has-acquired-just-for-laughs|title=Bell Media, Groupe CH among group that has acquired Just For Laughs|date=2018-06-08|work=Montreal Gazette|access-date=2018-06-08|language=en-US}}
65. ^{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2018/08/vice-canada-bell-media-1202446524/|title=Vice Is Back In Business In Canada After Striking Long-Term Deal With Bell Media|last=White|first=Peter|date=2018-08-16|work=Deadline|access-date=2018-08-16|language=en-US}}
66. ^21 is CTV's official count, which includes {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628143005/http://www.ctvglobemedia.com/en/locations/ |date=2013-06-28 }} all stations in the CTV Atlantic and CTV Northern Ontario groups, as well as the CFCN-TV semi-satellite in Lethbridge, but not any other semi-satellites.