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词条 Kitty's Amelia (1803 ship)
释义

  1. Career

     Slave voyage #1  Slave voyage #2  Slave voyage #3  Slave voyage #4 

  2. Fate

  3. Notes, citations, and references

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Header caption=Hide header=Ship country=FranceShip flag=Ship yard number=Ship owner=Ship homeport=Ship commissioned=Ship builder=Ship name=Jeune AmélieShip namesake=Ship laid down=Ship launched=1802Ship captured=1803Ship fate=Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=United KingdomShip flag=Ship name=Kitty's AmeliaShip ordered=Ship builder=FranceShip owner=Thomas Clarke, LiverpoolShip laid down=Ship launched=Ship acquired=By purchase of a prizeShip commissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship honours=Ship captured=Ship fate=Foundered early February 1809; disappears from Lloyd's Register after 1809Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship tons burthen=272[1] (bm)Ship length=Ship beam=Ship draught=Ship hold depth=Ship sail plan=Full rigged shipShip propulsion=Ship complement=*1804:40[1]
  • 1807:42[1]
Ship armament=*1804:18 x 6&9-pounder guns[1]
  • 1807:6 × 9&6-pounder guns + 12 × 18-pounder carronades[1]
Ship notes=
}}

Kitty's Amelia was Jeune Amélie launched in France in 1802. A British letter of marque captured her in 1803 and she became a Liverpool-based slave trader. Between 1804 and 1807 she made four slave-trading voyages but her chief claim to fame is that she performed the last legal slaving voyage for a British vessel. She was reported wrecked in 1809.

Career

In 1803 the letter of marque and slaver Kitty captured the French ship Jeune Amèlie as she was returning from the Indian Ocean with a cargo of sugar, indigo, spices, and muslin.[2]{{refn|Kitty was a 20-year old ship, of 366 tons (bm), built in Liverpool. Her owner was Clarke & Co.[3] Her master, Alexander Macdonald, had received a letter of marque on 9 August 1803. She was armed with twelve 9&12-pounder guns, and had a crew of 50 men.[1] (Alternatively, she was armed with twenty-four 9-pounder guns.[3])|group=Note}}

Kitty's Amelia enters Lloyd's Register in 1804 with Nuttall, master, and Thomas Clarke, owner.[4]

Slave voyage #1

Thomas Nuttall received a letter of marque on 17 January 1804.[1] She sailed in February in company with Laurel and Urania. They were out only a few days when they encountered a French warship. Although they took some casualties, they were able to escape.[2] A database of slave voyages by Liverpool-based vessels shows Kitty Amelia, Nuttall, master, sailing to Cuba, though it does not specify where she gathered her human cargo.[5] Kitty's Amelia was back in Liverpool by October, having returned from Havana with a cargo of sugar, cowhides, and cotton.[2]

Slave voyage #2

Nuttall sailed in December in company with Thomas and Juno.[2] Kitty's Amelia sailed to West Central Africa and St Helena. Having gathered her cargo of slaves, Kitty's Amelia sailed for St Barts,[5] at the time a Swedish colony. (The Swedes did not abolish the slave trade until 1813.) Near Saint Kitts crewmembers attempted a mutiny, a mutiny that Nuttall foiled. However, three mutineers managed to reach {{HMS|Saint Lucia|1803|6}} and accused Nuttall of having engaged in transgressions relating to the transportation of slaves. The accusations forced Nuttall to remain in the Caribbean to answer the charges. Kitty's Amelia{{'}}s mate, Thomas Forest, sailed her back to Liverpool from St Barts with a cargo of sugar and cotton.[2]

Slave voyage #3

Nuttall, having returned to Liverpool after having refuted the charges against him, resumed command of Kitty's Amelia, and in May 1806 sailed her to the Bight of Biafra and Gulf of Guinea islands.[2][5] Kitty's Amelia arrived in Barbados, and then sailed to Trinidad, having repulsed an attack by a French privateer. Nuttall was again forced to remain in the Caribbean, and Forest again sailed her back to Liverpool. Her return cargo consisted of ivory, hides, palm oil, cotton, coffee, indigo, and sugar.[2]

Slave voyage #4

Kitty's Amelia underwent coppering and repairs in 1807.[21][6] Then on July 1807 Thomas Forrest received a letter of marque for Kitty's Amelia.[1] The Act for the abolition of the slave trade had passed Parliament in 1806 and took effect on 1 May 1807. However, Kitty's Amelia had received clearance to sail 27 April, before the deadline. Thus, when she sailed on 27 July, she did so legally. This was the last legal slave voyage for an English vessel.[7] On her voyage she carried a supercargo, Captain Hugh Crow (or Crowe),[8] who was a renowned and successful slave trader.{{refn|Amongst other vessels, he had captained {{ship||Will|1797 ship|2}}, and before sailing on Kitty's Amelia, Ceres and {{ship||Mary|1806 ship|2}}.[9]|group=Note}} On the way to Bonny, Forrest died and Crow took command.{{refn|In his memoirs, Crow states that he commanded Kitty's Amelia from June 1807, and makes no mention of Forrest.[10]|group=Note}}

On 27 October 1807 five slavers, one of them Kitty's Amelia, left Bunce Island; they constituted the last legal convoy of British slavers. Because they were engaged in a legal voyage, they qualified for a British Royal Navy escort in the form of the 16-gun sloop {{HMS|Favorite|1806|6}}, under the command of Lieutenant Frederick Hoffman (acting). The voyage to Barbados from Sierra Leone took seven weeks. Several times during the voyage Hoffman visited the slave ships under his care and found them orderly and clean, and the slaves healthy.[8] Kitty's Amelia delivered her cargo to Jamaica.[5] In contrast with Hoffman's assessment of the state of health aboard the slave ships, Crow, in his memoir, recalled that Kitty's Amelia had lost 30 whites and 50 blacks to sickness on the voyage, the whites included her two doctors, who had died shortly after she arrived at Jamaica. He further noted that many of the other slavers that had hurried to beat the deadline for the end of the slave trade had lost twice as many blacks.[11]

After loading a cargo for Liverpool, Crow decided to remain at Kingston to deal with some affairs. He entrusted the command of Kitty's Amelia to his friend Captain Thomas Brassey, who had sailed out on the schooner St George, which also belonged to Kitty's Amelia{{'}}s owners.[12] Brassey left Jamaica in April 1808 and sailed to Liverpool with a cargo of beeswax, palm oil, elephants' teeth, Madeira wine, rum, sugar, and coffee,[2] arriving on 30 June.[13]

Then in 1808 her master became Roberts. She last appears in Lloyd's Register in 1809 with Roberts, master, and trade Liverpool-The {{not a typo|Brazils}}.[14]

Fate

Lloyd's List reported that Kitty's Amelia had foundered in early February 1809 off Maldonado, Uruguay.[15] She is no longer listed in the 1810 Lloyd's Register.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793–1815"; p.92 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709083440/http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.htm |date=2015-07-09 }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lees (2013).
3. ^1 [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005667087?urlappend=%3Bseq=291 Lloyd's Register (1803), Seq. №K80.]
4. ^[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005667095?urlappend=%3Bseq=618 Lloyd's Register (1804), Supplement, Seq. №K1.]
5. ^1 2 3 [https://www.academia.edu/12826440/Liverpool_Slave_Ship_Voyages_Database Liverpool Slave Ship Voyages Database].
6. ^Crow 1830), p.133.
7. ^BBC: Abolition of Transatlantic Slave Trade
8. ^1 Grindal (2016).
9. ^Crow (1830), pp.77–82.
10. ^Crow (1830), pp.135–6.
11. ^Crow (1830), pp.157–9.
12. ^Crow (1830), p.169.
13. ^Tradesman, "Shipping List, Vol. 1, 1 August 1808, p.168.
14. ^1 [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005676385?urlappend=%3Bseq=237 Lloyd's Register (1809), Seq. №K65.]
15. ^Lloyd's List №4350.
Citations{{reflist|30em}}References
  • Cameron, Gail & Stan Crooke (1992) Liverpool – Capital of the Slave Trade. (Picton Press). {{ISBN|1873245041}}
  • Crow, Hugh (1830) Memoirs of the late Captain Hugh Crow, of Liverpool; comprising a narrative of his life, together with descriptive sketches of the western coast of Africa; particularly of Bonny ... To which are added, anecdotes and observations illustrative of the Negro character. Compiled chiefly from his own manuscripts, etc. (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green).
  • Grindal, Peter (2016) Opposing the Slavers: The Royal Navy's Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade. (I.B.Tauris). ASIN: B01MYTNUEH
  • Lees, Andrew (2013) Liverpool: The Hurricane Port. (Random House). {{ISBN|978-1780575483}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kitty's Amelia (1803 ship)}}

7 : 1802 ships|Ships built in France|Captured ships|Slave ships|Age of Sail merchant ships|Merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Maritime incidents in 1809
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