| 词条 | Kocho (Iraq) |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Kocho |native_name = Koço |other_name = كوجو |settlement_type = Village |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Iraq |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = Kocho within Iraq |coordinates = {{coord|36|10|N|41|44|E|region:RU|display=inline}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}} |subdivision_type1 = Governorate |subdivision_name1 = Ninawa Governorate |population_total = 2000 (before ISIS massacre)[2] |timezone = GMT+3 |utc_offset = +3 }} HistoryKocho is like the entire region of Sinjar, one of the most controversial areas in northern Iraq and belongs to the disputed territories of northern Iraq. According to article 140 of the Iraqi constitution, a referendum should decide on the status of the village and the fate of its inhabitants. Since 2003, the village has been occupied by Kurdish Peshmerga troops, who escaped from the village on 2 August 2014. On 3 August 2014, the Islamic State took control over the whole village. On 25 May 2017, Iraqi forces and Yazidi militias liberated the village from ISIS.[3][4][5][6] In March 2019, mass grave exhumations began in Kocho.[7][8] PopulationIn Kocho only Yazidis lived and these were mainly farmers.[9] Notable PersonsThe Yazidi Human rights activists Nadia Murad and Lamiya Aji Bashar were born in Kocho.[10][11][12][13] Massacre of Yazidis from KochoOn 3 August 2014, the Islamic State committed genocide against the Yazidis. The massacre could only happen because the Kurdish Peshmerga had fled from the ISIS and left the Yazidis defenseless.[14][15] The Islamic State had imprisoned the Yazidi for 12 days in the village and then gave the Yazidis an ultimatum of three days, the Yazidis were to convert to Islam, or the IS would kill them all, since the Yazidis refused to convert to Islam, the massacre started on the 15th. August 2014. The IS separated the men from the women and children and took them all to the secondary school of the village, where the people had to hand over their mobile phones and jewelry. An estimated 1826 Yazidis lived in the village of Kocho. The Islamic State beheaded about 600 Yazidi men, some were burned or shot alive. The bodies of the people, including some who were alive, were all thrown into mass graves. Subsequently, the IS abducted more than 1,000 Yazidi children and women from the village. The under-14s were taken to IS military camps where they were trained to become IS terrorists, and the Yazidi women and girls were held as slaves and sexually abused.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Previously, 90 Yazidis (including 12-year-old boys) were shot dead by IS terrorists in the neighboring village of Qiniyeh on 3 August 2014.[26] Bibliography
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-04/two-years-after-genocide-a-reflection-on-the-yezidi-community|title=The Yezidi Genocide, Two Years Later|last=|first=|date=|website=US News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=CJJFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&dq=kocho+jesiden&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2w6iH5ebYAhUSfFAKHapOD3c4ChDoAQg4MAU#v=onepage&q=kocho&f=false|title=Die Psychologie des IS: Die Logik der Massenmörder|last=Kizilhan|first=Jan Ilhan|date=2016-10-10|publisher=Europa Verlag GmbH & Company KG|isbn=9783958901155|language=de}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/128591/PW69.pdf|title=Iraq's Disputed Territories|last=|first=|date=|website=United States Institute of Peace|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-21}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/after-years-of-murder-and-enslavement-by-isil-iraq-s-yazidis-are-determined-to-liberate-their-own-homeland-1.6912|title=After years of murder and enslavement by ISIL, Iraq’s Yazidis are determined to liberate their own homeland|work=The National|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/blog/shingal-irakische-truppen-und-milizen-befreien-ezidische-doerfer/|title=Shingal: Irakische Truppen und Milizen befreien êzîdîsche Dörfer {{!}} ÊzîdîPress|website=www.ezidipress.com|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-20}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-yazidis-nadia/former-yazidi-sex-slave-makes-tearful-return-to-her-iraqi-village-idUSKBN18S5MR|title=Former Yazidi sex slave makes tearful return to her Iraqi village|last=|first=|date=|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 7. ^{{cite web |agency=Associated Press |last1=Salim |first1=Salar |title=Iraq begins exhuming mass grave in Sinjar region |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/iraq-begins-exhuming-mass-grave-in-sinjar-region/2019/03/16/6b66fb04-47ec-11e9-94ab-d2dda3c0df52_story.html |website=The Washington Post |accessdate=17 March 2019 |language=en |date=16 March 2019}} 8. ^{{cite web |agency=AFP |title=Iraq opens first IS mass grave in Yazidi region |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190315-iraq-opens-first-mass-grave-yazidi-region |website=France 24 |accessdate=17 March 2019 |language=en |date=15 March 2019}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=CJJFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&dq=kocho+jesiden&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2w6iH5ebYAhUSfFAKHapOD3c4ChDoAQg4MAU#v=onepage&q=kocho&f=false|title=Die Psychologie des IS: Die Logik der Massenmörder|last=Kizilhan|first=Jan Ilhan|date=2016-10-10|publisher=Europa Verlag GmbH & Company KG|isbn=9783958901155|language=de}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis/ex-captive-of-islamic-state-sheds-tears-on-return-to-village-in-northern-iraq-idUSKBN18S5S1|title=Ex-captive of Islamic State sheds tears on return to village in northe|last=|first=|date=|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0924/Reluctant-champion-How-Nadia-Murad-has-become-the-international-face-of-Yazidi-suffering-and-resilience|title=Reluctant champion: How Nadia Murad has become the international face of Yazidi suffering – and resilience|date=2017-09-24|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2018-01-20|issn=0882-7729}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/books/review/nadia-murad-last-girl.html?referer=https://www.google.de/|title=When Rape Becomes a Weapon of War|last=|first=|date=|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/nadia-murad-emotional-visit-hometown-yazidis/|title=Nadia Murad Makes Emotional Visit to Her Yazidi Hometown|work=Global Citizen|access-date=2018-01-20}} 14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=WRKEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=peshmerga%20fled%20sinjar&f=false|title=The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East|last=Phillips|first=David L.|date=2018-11-29|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781786735768|language=en}} 15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=JxQcDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=peshmerga%20fled%20sinjar&f=false|title=The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity, and My Fight Against the Islamic State|last=Murad|first=Nadia|date=2017-11-07|publisher=Crown/Archetype|isbn=9781524760458|language=en}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/4435297/sinjar-anniversary-yazidi-nadia-murad/|title=Yazidi Activist Nadia Murad Speaks Out on the 'Holocaust' of Her People in Iraq|website=Time|access-date=2018-01-21}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://alshahidwitness.com/isis-horrific-crimes-yazidi-kojo/|title=ISIS Committed The Most Horrific Crimes In Modern Times In The Yazidi Village of Kojo In Iraq - Al Shahid|date=2017-07-04|work=Alshahid|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en-US}} 18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/25/slaves-of-isis-the-long-walk-of-the-yazidi-women|title=Slaves of Isis: the long walk of the Yazidi women|last=Otten|first=Cathy|date=2017-07-25|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-01-20|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://iranian.com/2018/01/10/ash-faces-yezidi-women-islamic-state/|title=With Ash On Their Faces: Yezidi Women And The Islamic State {{!}} The Iranian|last=|first=|date=|work=The Iranian|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Irak-Shengal-als-geopolitisches-Schachbrett-3736706.html?seite=all|title=Irak: Shengal als geopolitisches Schachbrett|last=Dangeleit|first=Elke|website=Telepolis|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-20}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.de/2014/9/2/erschuetternde-beweise-fuer-ethnische-saeuberungen-im-nordirak-durch#|title=Erschütternde Beweise für ethnische Säuberungen im Nordirak durch IS {{!}} Amnesty International|website=www.amnesty.de|language=de|access-date=2018-01-20}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/blog/das-massaker-von-kocho-ein-ueberlebender-berichtet/|title=Das Massaker von Kocho: Ein Überlebender berichtet {{!}} ÊzîdîPress|website=www.ezidipress.com|language=de-DE|access-date=2018-01-20}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/08/testimonies-from-kocho-the-village-isis-tried-to-wipe-off-the-map/|title=Testimonies from Kocho: The village ISIS tried to wipe off the map|website=www.amnesty.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-21}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/140620177|title=Yezidis return to Kocho school where ISIS killed men, enslaved women|last=|first=|date=|website=www.rudaw.net|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-21}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/A_HRC_32_CRP.2_en.pdf|title=ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis|last=|first=|date=2016-06-15|website=OHCHR (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-21}} 26. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/540889bc4.pdf|title=ETHNIC CLEANSING ON A HISTORIC SCALE: ISLAMIC STATE’S SYSTEMATIC TARGETING OF MINORITIES IN NORTHERN IRAQ|last=|first=|date=September 2014|website=Amnesty International|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-01-21}} 2 : Populated places in Nineveh Governorate|Yazidi villages in Iraq |
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