| 词条 | Kokshetau National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Kokshetau National Park | alt_name = Көкшетау (ұлттық парк) | iucn_category = II | photo = Зерендинские сопки.jpg | photo_caption = Lake Zerenda in Kokshetau Park | photo_width = 300 | map = Kazakhstan| relief = 1 | map_caption = Location of park in Kazakhstan | location = Aqmola Region, Karaganda Region | nearest_city = Astana | coordinates = {{coords|53|15|N|68|26|E|region:KZ|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|182076|ha|acres km2 sqmi|lk=on|0}} | established = {{start date|1996}} | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | website= http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/novosti | governing_body = Committee of Forestry and Fauna of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kazakhstan }} Kokshetau National Park (Kazakh: Көкшетау (ұлттық парк)) features the unique landscape, archaeological sites, and recreational opportunities of the Kazakh Uplands of Northern Kazakhstan. Located in the transition zone between the Siberian taiga (to the north) and the southern steppes, the terrain is an "island" of forests, lakes, and mountains surrounded by steppe.[1] Kokshetau is located in Zerendi District, Aqmola Region and Aiyrtau District, North Kazakhstan Region. The park boundary is {{convert|45|km|mi}} west of the city of Kokshetau itself, and {{convert|275|km|mi}} northwest of the capital city of Astana. TopographyKokshetau is located in the forest-steppe and steppe region of the Kokshetau Uplands of Northern Kazakhstan. The terrain is one of low mountains and hills, undulating alluvial plains with a complex networks of streams, and a number of significant lakes in lacustrine depressions.[2] There are five main sectors in the park:
EcoregionThe park is in the Kazakh upland ecoregion (WWF #0811), a relatively small area in northern Kazakhstan characterized by temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. The Kazakh uplands occur in two patches, one centered on Kokshetau National Park to the northwest of Astana, and another to the southeast of Astana.[3] This ecoregion has been relatively isolated from development, and has been a haven for rare species. ClimateThe climate in the Kokshetau region is "Humid continental climate, cool summer subtype" (Koeppen Classification Dfb. This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold winters.[4] Precipitation averages 13 mm per year (maximum in summer). Average temperature ranges from {{convert|-16.1|C|F}} in January to {{convert|19.7|C|F}} in July.[5] {{climate chart|Kokshetau, Kazakhstan) |-20.5 |-11.6 |13 |-20.4 |-11 |11 |-13.4 |-3.9 |9 |-1.5 |8.4 |19 |5.5 |18.6 |31 |11.4 |24.5 |41 |13.6 |25.9 |69 |10.5 |22.9 |45 |5.1 |17.5 |25 |-2.2 |6.8 |24 |-11 |-3 |15 |-16.5 |-8.1 |13 |float = right |clear = right |units = |source = [https://en.climate-data.org/location/2170/ Climate-Data.org] }} Plants and animalsThe area is characterized by meadow steppe, and predominantly pine (Pinus Sylvestris) forests with birch and aspen. Common shrubs are juniper, rose hips, hawthorne, and willow. Much of the steppe area has been affected by past plowing and grazing. Scientists have recorded 597 species of vascular plants, 36 of which are relic boreal species reflecting forest island nature of the area.[6] The park is well known for fish in its various lakes, commonly pike, roach, and carp. 363 species of vertebrates are known in the park: 224 birds, 51 mammals, 5 reptiles, 1 amphibian, and 19 species of fish. Almost half of the mammal species are rodents, with representatives from the steppes, desert and forest, such as the southern birch mouse, the steppe lemming, and the Jungar hamster. The presence of large numbers of rodents attracts predators, including fox, wolf, badger, stoats and weasels. Larger mammals include wild boar, elk, and a significant population of Siberian Roe Deer.[7] TourismKokshetau Park is developed, with 14 hiking trails (over 200 km), four bus excursion routes, and two water-routes (totaling 18 km). Many of the hiking trails run along sensitive wetlands next to wet pine and birch stands, and traffic is regulated by group and size.[8] Tourist hotels are available nearby, and the park supports campsites and tourist support facilities. The more developed tourist routes and us routes visit archaeological sites, such as Kurgan burial mounds, recreational complexes, forests, waterfalls, and caves.[9] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Kokshetau|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/novosti|website=Official website of the park|publisher=Kokshetau National Park|accessdate=8 June 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Relief|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/relyef|website=Official Website of Kokshetau|publisher=Kokshetau National Park|accessdate=9 June 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Kazakh uplands|url=http://www.globalspecies.org/ecoregions/display/PA0811|website=Ecoregions of the World|publisher=GlobalSpecies.org|accessdate=19 June 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web | title = Koeppen | url = http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf | website = World Map of the Koeppen-Gieger Climate Classification, Updated | author= M. Kottek | publisher= Meteoroligische Zeitschrift, June 2006| accessdate = 2015-08-01|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Climate - Kokshetau|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/2170/|website=Climate-Data.org|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=19 June 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Flora of Kokshetau|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/flora-rastitelynyy-mir|website=Official Website|publisher=Kokshetau National Park|accessdate=19 June 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Fauna of Kokshetau|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/fauna-ghivotnyy-mir|website=Official park website|publisher=Kokshetau National Park|accessdate=19 June 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Tourism in Kokshetau|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/turistskaya-i-rekreacionnaya-deyatelynosty|website=Official Website of Kokshetau National Park|publisher=Kokshetau National Park}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Tourist Routes in Kokshetau|url=http://www.kokshe.gnpp.kz/content/turistskie-marshruty|website=Official Website of Kokshetau Park|publisher=Kokshetau National Park|accessdate=19 June 2017}} External links
5 : National parks of Kazakhstan|Geography of Akmola Region|Geography of Karaganda Region|Tourist attractions in Akmola Region|Tourist attractions in Karaganda Region |
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