| 词条 | .600 Nitro Express |
| 释义 |
|name= .600 Nitro Express |image= |caption= |origin= United Kingdom |type=Rifle |service= 1915-1916 |used_by= British Army |wars= World War 1 |designer= W.J. Jeffery & Co |design_date= 1899 |manufacturer= |production_date=1900–present |number= |variants= |is_SI_specs=no |parent= |case_type=Rimmed, tapered |bullet= .620 |neck= .648 |shoulder= |base= .697 |rim_dia= .805 |rim_thick= |case_length= 3 |length= 3.68 |case_capacity=211.4 |rifling= |primer= Kynoch # 40 |max_pressure= |max_cup= |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= | is_SI_ballistics = | bw1 = 900 | btype1 = | vel1 = 2050 | en1 = 8400 | bw2 = 900 | btype2 = | vel2 = 1950 | en2 = 7600 | bw3 = 900 | btype3 = | vel3 = 1850 | en3 = 6840 | test_barrel_length = 28 | balsrc = Barnes,[1] Kynoch[2] and C.I.P Data[1] }} The .600 Nitro Express is a large bore Nitro Express rifle cartridge developed by W.J. Jeffery & Co for the purpose of hunting large game such as elephant. DesignThe .600 Nitro Express is a slightly tapered walled, rimmed, centerfire rifle cartridge designed for use in single-shot and double rifles.[4] The cartridge fires a {{convert|.620|in|mm|abbr=on}} diameter, {{convert|900|gr|g|abbr=on}} projectile with three powder loadings, the standard being {{convert|100|gr|g|abbr=on}} of cordite at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1850|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}, whilst there is also a {{convert|110|gr|g|abbr=on}} loading which generates muzzle velocity of {{convert|1950|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|120|gr|g|abbr=on}} loading which generates a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2050|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}.[1][6] Because of the recoil forces generated by this cartridge, rifles chambered in it typically weigh up to {{convert|16|lb|kg|abbr=on}}.[1][6] HistoryThe .600 Nitro Express was developed by London gunmakers W.J. Jeffery & Co. Sources vary about the date of its introduction,{{refn|group=note|The majority of W.J. Jeffery & Co's records were lost or destroyed during World War 2.[4]}} although it would seem in 1900 the first .600 Nitro Express rifle was produced by W.J. Jeffery & Co, a {{convert|15|lb|kg|abbr=on}} double barrelled hammer rifle. Jefferys produced around seventy rifles in .600 Nitro Express in four actions, double barrelled hammer break-open, single barrelled break-open, falling block and double barrelled break-open with and without ejectors.[4] Until the introduction of the .700 Nitro Express in 1988, the .600 Nitro Express was the most powerful commercially available hunting rifle cartridge in the world. Aside from W.J. Jeffery & Co, several gunmakers have and continue to offer rifles chambering this .600 Nitro Express, although in 2009 it was estimated by Holland & Holland that only around one hundred .600 Nitro Express rifles have ever been produced to that time.[1][12] WWI serviceIn 1914 and early 1915, German snipers were engaging British Army positions with impunity from behind steel plates that were impervious to .303 British ball ammunition. In an attempt to counter this threat, the British War Office purchased sixty-two large bore sporting rifles from British rifle makers, including four .600 Nitro Express rifles, which were issued to Regiments. These large bore rifles proved very effective against the steel plates used by the Germans, in his book Sniping in France 1914-18 MAJ H. Hesketh-Prichard, DSO, MC stated they "pierced them like butter."[13][14][15] Stuart Cloete, sniping officer for the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, stated "We used a heavy sporting rifle - a .600 Express. These had been donated to the army by big game hunters and when we hit a plate we stove it right in. But it had to be fired standing or from a kneeling position to take up the recoil. The first man who fired it from the prone position had his collar bone broken."[16] UseThe .600 Nitro Express, along with the .577 Nitro Express, was a specialist backup weapon for professional elephant hunters. Too heavy to be carried all day and used effectively, it was usually carried by a gun bearer. It was used when in thick cover and when an effective shot at the heart and lungs was not possible.[12] In his African Rifles and Cartridges, John "Pondoro" Taylor says the shock of a head shot from a .600 Nitro Express bullet is enough to knock an elephant out for up to half an hour.[6] Prominent usersIn the course of his career "Pondoro" Taylor owned and used two .600 Nitro Express double rifles, the first was regulated for 110 gr loadings, the second was a W.J. Jeffery & Co double rifle that weighed 16 lb with {{convert|24|in|mm|abbr=on}} barrels and was regulated for 100 gr loadings. He states he was very fond of his Jeffery .600 which he used as a second backup rifle to a Jeffery .400 Jeffery Nitro Express, and with it he killed between 60 and 70 elephants.[6] Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Karl Larsen and Major Percy Powell-Cotton all used W.J. Jeffery & Co .600 Nitro Express rifles extensively.[6][21][22]Parent caseIn 1929 Holland & Holland produced the .600/577 Rewa by necking down the .600 Nitro Express to accept a {{cvt|.582|in|mm}} bullet.[23] Notes1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20171205154758/http://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-ii/tabiical-en-page130.pdf C.I.P. 600 N.E. (online-PDF 97 KB))] 2. ^1 Edgar N. Barclay, Big game shooting records: together with biographical notes and anecdotes on the most prominent big game hunters of ancient and modern times, H. F. & G. Witherby, London, 1932. 3. ^1 2 3 4 Frank C. Barnes, Cartridges of the World, ed 13, Gun Digest Books, Iola, 2012, {{ISBN|9781440230592}}. 4. ^1 MAJ H. Hesketh-Prichard, DSO, MC, Sniping in France 1914-18: With Notes on the Scientific Training of Scouts, Observers and Snipers, Helion & Company, Solihull, 2013, {{ISBN|1-874622-47-7}}. 5. ^1 Imperial War Museums, ".600 3 inch Nitro Express & Kynoch", iwm.org.uk, retrieved 14 September 2017. 6. ^1 Kynoch Ammunition, "Big Game Cartridges", www.kynochammunition.co.uk, [https://www.webcitation.org/6VGMyyMfL?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kynochammunition.co.uk%2Fcartridge%2520collection.html archived] 18 January 2017. 7. ^1 The Spanish Association of Cartridge Collectors, ".577 Rewa", municion.org, retrieved 15 July 2018. 8. ^1 2 3 Paul Roberts, “Nitro big game rifles”, ezine.nitroexpress.info, [https://www.webcitation.org/6VGN7HnE3?url=http://ezine.nitroexpress.info/NickuduFiles/ASG-PDF/PULP1069.pdf archived] 1 January 2015. 9. ^1 Ian D. Skennerton, The British sniper: British & Commonwealth sniping & equipments 1915-1983, I.D. Skennerton, Margate Australia, 1984, {{ISBN|9780949749031}}. 10. ^1 Douglas Tate, "Sporting guns that went to war", The Field Magazine, Vol 324 No 7321, August 2014, pp 100–103. 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 John Taylor, African rifles and cartridges, Sportsman’s Vintage Press, 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-940001-01-2}}. 12. ^1 Sarah Wheeler, Too Close to the Sun: The Audacious Life and Times of Denys Finch Hatton, Random House, London, 2006, {{ISBN|9780099450276}}. 13. ^1 2 Terry Wieland, Dangerous-game rifles, ed 2, Down East Books / Shooting Sportsman Press, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-89272-807-7}}. See also
References{{Reflist|35em|refs=[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]}} External links
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