“Krstaš-barjak”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The krstaš-barjak ({{lang-sr|крсташ-барјак}}; from krst, "cross", barjak, "flag, banner"){{Cref2|a}} refers to various war flags with crosses in the centre, part of Montenegro tradition,^[1] originating from medieval military flags.^[2] It is known that Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) adopted the Byzantine cross flag^[3] (divellion, which was purple and had a golden cross in the center).^[4] According to Serbian epic poetry, during the Ottoman period, hajduks had war flags with crosses (krstaš-barjak) or icons of saints (svetački barjak).^[5] The krstaš-barjak is mentioned in poems of the Kosovo Cycle;^[6]^[7] knight Boško Jugović bears it at the battle of Kosovo (1389).^[8] It was used as the general rebel flag during the Serbian Revolution (1804–17), and as the secondary flag of the supreme commander (Karađorđe 1804–13; Miloš Obrenović 1815–17).^[3] It was adopted as a military flag by the Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910) and Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918).^[9] The Montenegrin war flag used in the Battle of Vučji Do (1876) was red with a white cross pattée in the center and a white border, and tradition holds that it was adopted from the war flag of Kosovo which found itself in Montenegro after surviving knights brought it there.^[10] In Peroj (in Croatia), it is held that their ancestors (who migrated from Montenegro) had a war flag used at Kosovo in their possession.^[11]

1. ^{{cite book|title=NIN: nedeljne informativne novine|issue=2923–2930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QIUAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Politika|p=44|quote=}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Stanojević|first=Stanoje|authorlink=Stanoje Stanojević|title=Iz naše prošlosti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omhJAQAAIAAJ|year=1934|publisher=Geca Kon|page=83|quote=}}
3. ^¹{{cite book|last=Kostić|first=Lazo M.|title=O zastavama kod Srba: istoriska razmatranja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KHRAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|location=Munich|quote=}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Milićević|first=Milić|title=Grb Srbije: razvoj kroz istoriju|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyNYAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|p=22}}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Vojni muzej JNA|title=Vesnik|volume=1–3|publisher=Vojni muzej JNA|location=Belgrade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfwfAAAAMAAJ|year=1954|p=141|quote=}}
6. ^{{cite journal|author=Zora|title=Narodna odbrana|volume=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVUoAQAAMAAJ|year=1937|publisher=Zora|p=212|quote=}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Đurić|first=Vojislav|title=Narodne junačke pesme najstarijih vremena: Pretkosovske i kosovske|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNg-AQAAIAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Znanje|p=128}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Rootham|first=Helen|title=Kossovo: Heroic Songs of the Serbs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ul5yhri185gC&pg=PA34|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Cosimo, Inc.|isbn=978-1-61640-436-9|p=34}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Markuš|first=Jovan B.|title=Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Crne Gore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ODorAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Svetigora|p=73|quote=}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ivanović|first=Filip|year=2006|title=Problematika autokefalije Mitropolije Crnogorsko-primorske|publisher=Unireks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mP6OAAAAMAAJ|p=93|quote=}}
11. ^{{cite book|last=Barjaktarević|first=Mirko|year=1991|editor=Reljić, Ljubomir|title=O poistovećivanju verske i nacionalne pripadnosti|journal=Гласник Етнографског музеја у Београду|issue=54-55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-AmnCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA259|publisher=Etnografski muzej u Beogradu|p=259|quote=}}
12. ^{{cite book|last=Karadžić|first=Vuk|authorlink=Vuk Karadžić|title=Српски рjечник, истолкован њемачким и латинским риjечма|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWxcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT248|year=1818|p=248}}

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