“Kyosho Inferno”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Designed by Yuichi Kanai^[2] the Kyosho Inferno is a 1/8 scale, four-wheel-drive, off-road competition buggy which was first released in late 1991 as the successor to the Kyosho Turbo Burns^[3]. As with the Burns series that came before it, each model has several versions with different factory specifications to suit specific target markets. The first model, now referred to as the "classic Inferno" was produced from late 1991 to the end of 1993 and won every IFMAR world championship during its production run. With 8 IFMAR titles under its belt, the Kyosho Inferno has been the most successful RC car in its scale and deserves the "fire" themed brand name which has been in use since the release of the Kyosho Burns in 1988. ^[2]

General History

Background

The first generation of Infernos were produced from late 1991 to 1996 and shared only a few parts with its predecessor the Kyosho Turbo Burns. The Inferno was almost a complete redesign based on experiences in competition to increase performance, durability and ease of maintenance. Any similarity with the Burns series of cars was lost with the introduction of the Inferno MP5 in 1995 which introduced design characteristics which can still be found in the current MP10 more than 20 years later.

With the introduction of the Inferno, Kyosho also chose to sell partially assembled, entry level kits and introduced their own line of budget GS engines.

As with the Burns predecessor, it was possible to start with the most affordable car and upgrade to a full option, competition ready vehicle when the skill and budget allowed. Alternatively one could also buy a competition car for far less than the cost of the individual optional parts.

It is often not known that the MP (Model Project) nomenclature, which is synonymous with Kyosho buggies from the MP5 onward, was already in use at Kyosho for the Burns series and first Inferno series of cars. Burns MP1, Turbo Burns MP2, Inferno MP3, Turbo Inferno MP4.^[2]

The versatility of this platform also enabled Kyosho to create 1:8 scale road and rally cars called the "Super Eight GP LANDMAX 4WD"^[4] and the Inferno ST (Stadium Truck) series. The Landmax were based on the original Inferno chassis until 2001, and then the MP7.5 chassis until 2008. The ST series is still going strong today although the components used bare little resemblance to the buggy which is in use today. The classic Inferno also had a smaller sibling in 1:10 scale call the Kyosho Inferno 10^[5] which in turn lead to other "mini" versions of the Inferno in later years.

Timeline^[6]

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PlotArea = left:120 bottom:20 top:0 right:20

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DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy

Period = from:10/01/1991 till:{{#time: m/d/Y }}

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3

ScaleMajor = increment:3 start:1992

ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1992

Colors =

 id:Inferno  value:blue      legend:Inferno id:DX  value:blue    legend:DX id:Turbo    value:blue    legend:Turbo id:DXII value:blue   legend:DXII id:MP5 value:gray(0.8)   legend:MP5 id:MP5EVO1 value:gray(0.8)   legend:MP5EVO1 id:MP5EVO2 value:gray(0.8)  legend:MP5EVO2 id:MP6 value:red  legend:MP6 id:MP6sport value:red  legend:MP6sport id:MP6Int value:red  legend:MP6Int id:MP75 value:green  legend:MP75 id:MP75K1 value:green  legend:MP75K1 id:MP75K2 value:green  legend:MP75K2 id:MP75sports value:green  legend:MP75sports id:MP75K3 value:green  legend:MP75K3 id:MP777 value:orange  legend:MP777 id:MP777SP1 value:orange  legend:MP777SP1 id:MP777SP2 value:orange  legend:MP777SP2 id:MP777WC value:orange  legend:MP777WC id:MP9 value:gray(0.6)  legend:MP9 id:MP9TKI2 value:gray(0.6)  legend:MP9TKI2 id:MP9TKI3 value:gray(0.6)  legend:MP9TKI3 id:MP9TKI4 value:gray(0.6)  legend:MP9TKI4 id:MP10 value:purple  legend:MP10

BarData =

 bar:Inferno text:"Inferno 4WD (MP3)" bar:DX text:"Inferno DX (MP3)" bar:Turbo  text:"Turbo Inferno (MP4)" bar:DXII text:"Inferno DX II (MP3)" bar:MP5 text:"MP5" bar:MP5EVO1 text:"MP5 EVO 1" bar:MP5EVO2 text:"MP5 EVO 2" bar:MP6 text:"MP6" bar:MP6sport text:"MP6 Sport" bar:MP6Int text:"MP6 International" bar:MP75 text:"MP 7.5" bar:MP75K1 text:"MP 7.5 Kanai 1" bar:MP75K2 text:"MP 7.5 Kanai 2" bar:MP75sports text:"MP 7.5 Sports v1-v4" bar:MP75K3 text:"MP 7.5 Kanai 3" bar:MP777 text:"MP 777" bar:MP777SP1 text:"MP 777 SP1" bar:MP777SP2 text:"MP 777 SP2" bar:MP777WC text:"MP 777 SP2 WC" bar:MP9 text:"MP 9" bar:MP9TKI2 text:"MP 9 TKI2" bar:MP9TKI3 text:"MP 9 TKI3" bar:MP9TKI4 text:"MP 9 TKI4" bar:MP10 text:"MP 10"

PlotData=

 width:11 bar:Inferno from:10/01/1991 till:10/01/1993      color:Inferno bar:DX from:01/01/1992 till:04/12/1994 color:DX bar:Turbo  from:04/02/1994 till:04/12/1995       color:Turbo bar:DXII from:01/01/1995 till:12/12/1996 color:DXII bar:MP5 from:01/01/1995 till:01/12/1998 color:MP5 bar:MP5EVO1 from:01/01/1996 till:01/12/1997 color:MP5EVO1 bar:MP5EVO2 from:01/01/1997 till:01/12/1998 color:MP5EVO2 bar:MP6 from:01/01/1998 till:12/12/2001 color:MP6 bar:MP6sport from:12/01/1999 till:12/12/2002 color:MP6sport bar:MP6Int from:12/01/1998 till:12/12/2001 color:MP6Int bar:MP75 from:12/01/2000 till:12/12/2004 color:MP75 bar:MP75k1 from:12/10/2000 till:12/12/2001 color:MP75k1 bar:MP75k2 from:12/12/2001 till:12/12/2002 color:MP75k2 bar:MP75sports from:12/12/2001 till:12/12/2009 color:MP75sports bar:MP75k3 from:12/12/2002 till:12/12/2004 color:MP75k3 bar:MP777 from:12/10/2004 till:12/12/2008 color:MP777 bar:MP777SP1 from:12/10/2004 till:12/12/2005 color:MP777SP1 bar:MP777SP2 from:12/12/2005 till:12/12/2006 color:MP777SP2 bar:MP777WC from:12/12/2006 till:12/12/2008 color:MP777WC bar:MP9 from:12/10/2008 till:12/12/2010 color:MP9 bar:MP9TKI2 from:12/10/2010 till:12/12/2012 color:MP9TKI2 bar:MP9TKI3 from:12/10/2012 till:01/12/2016 color:MP9TKI3 bar:MP9TKI4 from:01/01/2016 till:12/30/2018 color:MP9TKI4 bar:MP10 from:01/01/2019 till:end color:MP10}}

Classic Inferno (late 1991–1996)

Models & Specifications

As with its predecessor, Kyosho released an intermediate level car first which contained several performance parts. Not long after, this would be followed by a more affordable "DX" version and then a high performance "Turbo" version. The cars were typically released in kit form however Kyosho chose to release "DX" entry level models partially assembled making the car more attractive for customers who were completely new to the hobby. Depending on the country of release the DX models would also include Kyosho's own GS engine which was already set up and ready to run. This further reduced the complexity and made an otherwise highly technical hobby more approachable for a larger audience.

The success of this approach can be seen in the extent to which budget DX cars, that are available second hand, have been upgraded by their owners over time as they gained skill and confidence in the hobby. The Inferno's popularity also spawned a large number of 3rd party suppliers^[7] that provided additional performance accessories such as brake discs, carbon fiber plates etc. Original Kyosho parts for these cars were still mostly given the "BS" and "BSW" nomenclature from the Burns series of cars and were also partially compatible with them. Later models received part numbers starting with IF and IFW.

After winning every world championship during its production run, the classic Inferno was phased out in favor of the MP5 in 1995.

Inferno 4WD, item no. 3281 (late 1991 – late 1993)

As the successor to the Turbo Burns, the classic Inferno not only had a couple of the same parts, but also had a similar body design and countersunk chassis plate. The similarities were largely superficial however with only the following parts being interchangeable with its predecessor.

The car introduced many new design elements and notable improvements which would largely continue in subsequent Inferno models

Inferno DX; item no. 3290h (1992–1994)

Just like the Burns series, the "DX" referred to the entry-level specification car. Unlike the Burns, however, this DX came partially assembled and some metal parts such as the exhaust and shock absorbers were replaced with plastic parts. An overview of the differences can be seen in the table below. The BS121 ring and pinion gears where made from a cheaper alloy material instead of the steel gears which were found in the Classic and Turbo versions of the car^[9].

Unlike the Inferno 4WD und Turbo Inferno, the chassis of the car had additional holes to mount the Kyosho GS21-CR series engine. This particular engine is recognizable by its heat-sink which has vertical instead of the more common horizontal fins^[10]. An interesting cost saving measure was also the lack of countersunk holes in the chassis which would have required an extra production step. This had not been seen since the original Burns.

Turbo Inferno; item no. 31346 (1994–1995)

Continuing the model naming of the Burns series, the first series of Inferno cars also used the name "Turbo" to signify the car with the largest number of performance parts. Visually the Turbo Inferno could easily be identified by the anodized blue chassis plate and larger capacity, blue shock absorbers. Interestingly Kyosho did not include the blue anodized plates which were mounted in the steering and center differential of the Inferno DXII which was released on year later. The Turbo Inferno also included newly designed green wheels, a green spoiler, and unique "high grip" tires (part W5646H) which were supplied from the factory. Other than that the car was very similar in specification to the Inferno 4WD as can be seen in the comparison table below. The new, rigid plastic spoiler was the first departure from the Lexan versions which had been used until that point and would remain standard equipment on all future Inferno models.

Inferno DX II Ltd.; item no. 31552 (1995–1996)

The DXII used pieces from the initial classic Inferno 4WD, first Inferno DX and Turbo Burns. Most notable differences from the first DX were:

In addition the DXII had all blue anodized plates (with the exception of the chassis), and an additional hole in the chassis to accommodate a pull start. Some DXII kits also included the GS21-X engine. This engine had a new, larger head with horizontal fins to compensate for the overheating issues of the previous GS21-CR.^[11] The new head was available in plain aluminum (part 6520-31) and later with a blue anodized head (part 6520-31bl)^[12] to match the other blue plates on the car.

As there was no entry-level "Sports" version of the subsequent MP5 model the Inferno DXII remained Kyosho's entry-level car until 1996. Kyosho would not release another entry level 1/8 Buggy until the MP6 Sports in 1999.

Overview of main differences between classic Inferno models

Notable optional parts

Several of the optional parts which were available for the Turbo Burns could also be used on the first Inferno series, and vice versa.

However, the most sought after optional parts which were unique to this first edition of Inferno cars were the BSW-54 special radio post and BSW-55 special diff housing which added rigidity, as well as the BSW86 special servo saver which offered more responsive and accurate steering. The later MP5 and MP6 had similar parts which however were not compatible with the classic Inferno.

The BSW-55 special diff housing and BSW-82 One Way Diff are among the most rare and expensive parts on the second-hand market^[14]^[15].

One of the more common, and frequently discussed optional parts are the hardened BSW-1 and BSW-2 differential gears^[13]. It is also the only series of infernos that had 3 different specifications of differentials (depending on the country of sale). As can be seen in the table above the budget Inferno DX models used a cheaper alloy gear set (BS-121), while the mid-range Inferno 4WD cars came with the BS-14 from the Burns generation, and the Turbo Inferno was supplied with the BS-14 or the optional BSW-1 and BSW-2 set depending on the country of sale.^[13]

Box art and marketing material

The Inferno series continued the same style of box art and marketing material of its predecessor using mostly studio pictures of assembled and painted models. The only exception was the Turbo Inferno which came in a plane white and green box with a drawn outline of the car on the front^[16]. The Inferno and Inferno DX/DXII came with a box which had an integrated handle.

Collectibillity and current popularity (1996–)

As with the Burns, the most collectible of this initial line-up is the Turbo version. This is in part due to its rarity, especially in good condition. Collectors specifically look for cars on which the blue anodized chassis has no damage, as well as unused tires as these are very hard to find as spare parts. The demand and value on the second hand market is however significantly lower than the Turbo Burns which preceded it, with near mint condition cars with box often selling for less than 200 US Dollars. Collectors are also interested in the first DX in its original configuration as these were typically upgraded by their owners over time. Their original Kyosho engine, plastic shock absorbers and exhaust being discarded for higher performance parts

Due to the low re-sale value and an abundance of spare parts, as well as reproduction parts such as new bodies and decals^[17], the Inferno 4WD and Turbo Inferno are a good choice for entry and intermediate level RC buggy enthusiasts.

In lieu of noise restrictions and the advances of battery and brushless technology, some cars are also being converted to an electric powertrain^[18].

Inferno MP5 & MP6 (1995–2002)

Models and specifications

The MP5 was the first of kyosho's 1:8 buggy line up to use the "MP" (Model Project), name in public and was largely a clean break from it predecessors as far as the "BS" and "BSW" parts compatibility is concerned. The few remaining parts which are still compatible with the previous Burns cars (MP1-MP2) include the 19mm hex wheels (which would later be changed to 17mm on the Inferno 7.5 as a new industry standard), and the fuel tank. A few other parts such as the wing design, shock absorbers and brake discs were carried across from the Turbo Inferno.

The MP5/MP6 also included some new design features which remain with the current Inferno line up.

Like its predecessors, the MP3 and MP4 Infernos, the MP5 & MP6 won every IFMAR title during their production run, first in its standard form and later with the EVO editions.^[20] The MP5 and MP6 are visually nearly identical using the same body and wheels, however the MP6 had a longer chassis and wider rear track. Prior to the MP6 this relatively small change was also available on the MP5 in form of a long wheelbase conversion kit. ^[21]

MP5, item no. 31551 (1995–1998)

As with the previous Burns and Inferno models Kyosho released an intermediate level car first. Unlike its predecessors, however, no entry level MP5 was produced.

The MP5 won the world championship in 1996^[22], and was marketed as a competition buggy with many in-house options being made available within its first year of production. ^[23]

MP5 EVO1, item no. 31664 (1996–1997)

With the "EVO" branding Kyosho distanced itself from the "Turbo" nomenclature used for the marketing of previously upgraded vehicles. It was released in 1996 and included a few parts from the options catalog^[24]. Unlike the standard MP5 which was supplied with the white wheels and wing that were featured on the box art, the EVO1 was supplied with a set of green wheels and a green wing. The car was sold for one year before being replaced by the EVO2.

MP5 EVO2, item no. 31781 (1997–1998)

The EVO2 was based closely on the car which won the 1996 World Championship^[25] Among various options the most noticeable difference to the previous MP5 models was the longer chassis and rear wishbones which were later used for the MP6. The chassis extension was also available as an upgrade package for previous MP5s.^[26] Unlike the previous 2 models, this car was not supplied with wheels or a wing. ^[25]

MP6, item no. 31891 (1998–2002)

The MP6 was essentially a standard MP5 with the longer chassis and wishbones used for the MP5 EVOII, and stronger, blue anodized shock towers. In addition to the shock towers, all other Aluminum plates on the MP6 models were also anodized in blue. The unique feature of this "standard" MP6 is the gold anodized chassis plate which is highly sought after in good condition.

A special edition was later released featuring the large capacity shocks of the MP6 International^[27]^[28].

MP6 Sport, item no. 31951 (1999–2002)

Formerly referred to as the "DX" for the Burns and classic Inferno series of cars, the "Sport" was the entry level car for the MP6 range. It had similar specification changes as the Inferno DXII and was also supplied with a Kyosho GS21 engine with a blue head to match the blue theme of the car (part 6520-31bl) ^[29] . Kyosho supplied the sport with a 3mm chassis instead of the 2,5mm of the standard MP6^[30]. This may lead one to believe that this was a stronger version to outlive the driving of a novice driver, however the 2,5mm was actually made from a harder alloy. As with the "DX" cars, it was possible to upgrade this car to a standard or international version but at a significantly greater cost than if one had bought the internationsl kit directly.

MP6 International, item no. 31892 (1998–2002)

The term MP6 "International" was used instead of the "EVO" nomenclature used to describe performance versions of the MP5 series. The word "International" would not be used in this context again but would reappear from the MP9 TKI2 to TKI4, with the "TKI" standing for "Team Kyosho International". Unlike the MP5 EVO which only had a selection of optional parts, the MP6 featured almost every available option.^[31] As most of these options were already available for the MP5, the MP6 International could be released only one year after sales for the standard MP6 started.

Overview of main differences between MP5 & MP6 models

Notable Optional parts

Most of the in-house optional parts were available on the MP6 international and where relatively common compared to the Burns and Classic Inferno options due to the volume of cars that Kyosho was producing and selling by this point. As with the Classic Inferno, the most rare part is the special aluminum center diff, which in this case had part number IFW-8. It was essentially very similar to the plastic parts they replaced and much less complex that the BSW-55 aluminum differential of the classic Inferno. As it was not provided with the MP6 International, unlike almost all other optional parts, one could assume that Kyosho did not consider it a cost effective or desirable item.

Box Art and Marketing Material

Unlike previous models, the cars on the front of the box of the MP5 and MP6 series were shown with bodies which were unpainted, clearly showing the internals of the car. Only a part of the front of the car had a semi transparent indication of the official paint scheme which could be found on the cars depicted on other parts of the box and in the marketing material.

Also, unlike the previous inferno models, the box art was largely the same regardless of the version of the car. The main box art showed the initial version of the car (standard MP5 or MP6), with different iterations being indicated by a label at the bottom right corner of the box. ^[32]

An exception to the was the MP6 sport which had a clearly distinguishable box-art, and a car with a painted body. ^[33]

To an extent, Kyosho used different colored wheels and wings to highlight the versions of the car on the main box-art however the color coding of these parts was sometimes not the same between the pictures seen in on the box and catalogs, and those which were available in the box.

Collectibillity and current popularity (2002–)

At the time of writing in 2018, the MP5 & MP6 are slowly attaining "classic" car status^[34] and are not yet particularly sought after on the second hand market. Because of this, good condition MP5 Evo2's or MP6 Internationals are still affordable and parts cars are readily available. This can enable starting hobbyist to have what was once world championship winning technology for a relatively low price. Optional parts are also more readily available and cheaper than those for its Burns and Inferno predecessors.

The MP6 Sports did not have a good reputation due to its relatively high price and low performance^[30] and is typically only sought after by enthusiasts looking to complete a collection. As with the Inferno DX prices for these in good, original condition are relatively high as owners typically discarded the original, low cost parts.

Inferno MP7.5 (2000–2004, 2009 for "Sports" models)

Models and specifications

After nearly 5 years of evolution rather than revolution with the MP5 and MP6 series of cars, Kyosho released the MP 7.5 which was redesigned from the ground up. The ".5" allegedly stands for the 5 consecutive IFMAR World Championships which had been won by the Inferno series at the time of its release.^[35]

MP7.5, item no. 31081 (2000–2004)

As with the other Infernos before it, this first release would provide a good intermediate level car, which could be upgraded to competition specifications relatively quickly. As with the later Kanai competition versions, the selection of the radio gear, motor and muffler were left to the buyer and were not included in the kit.

MP7.5 Sports v1, item no. 31192 (2001–2005) , v2 item no. 31276 (2005–2009), v3 item no. 31278 (2009), v4 item no. 31279 (2009)

Following the tradition of previous generations of the Inferno series, the entry level "Sports" variant was released a year after the initial mid-range car. It was largely pre-built (often branded as a "Ready Set")^[36], and was supplied with Kyosho's own GX-21 engine, a pre-painted body and the necessary remote control hardware. It was setup to be easy to drive, with a wide power band and with a price tag of under 400 US Dollars it was aimed at casual and novice drivers.^[37] In line with previous DX and Sports version there are a significant number of differences in the type and quality of parts between this entry level car, and the intermediate and competition variants. ^[38] During its production cycle there were 4 different releases of the MP7.5 Sports which had slightly different specifications and different color body shells, wheels and wings.

As there was no entry level model for the MP777 which succeeded the MP7.5 in 2005, Kyosho continued manufacturing the Sports versions of the MP 7.5 until 2009 at which point the MP777 was also discontinued.

MP7.5 Kanai 1, item no. 31191 (2000–2001)

This was the first ever car in the Kyosho line up to bare the name of its designer and factory race driver Yuichi Kanai. Yuichi Kanai developed all of the Kyosho 1/8 off road buggies from the Kyosho Turbo Burns onward ^[2] and was actively competing with the MP7.5 at the time. His name was used for the editions of the car that were released with a selection of the modifications he developed during the race seasons. The Kanai editions were aimed to be competition ready cars for experienced, competitive drivers.

MP7.5 Kanai 2, item no. 31271 (2001–2002)

The Kanai 2 was an evolution of the Kanai 1 and focused on improved strength and steering geometry, and had double disk brakes^[39].

MP7.5 Kanai 3, item no. 31273 (2002–2004)

This was the final version of the MP7.5 which incorporated the lessons learned from the preceding IFMAR championships and other races in which the MP7.5 competed. This car relied less on completely re-designed parts but instead on slight modifications to existing parts to improve the setup and reliability of the car. ^[40] As with other performance variants, this model did not include items such as radio equipment, engine and mufflers as the ideal selection of these were highly dependent on both the track and the driver. In its original condition, the Kanai 3 can be recognized through its milled out chassis and titanium screws. ^[41]

Collectibillity and current popularity (2008–)

The MP7.5 has many years to go before it becomes a classic. Due to the volumes that Kyosho produced it and the fact that there were no special, limited editions of the car, they are also of limited interest to collectors. They do however provide an excellent platform for brushless electric conversion with Kyosho^[42] and many 3rd party suppliers providing conversion kits. They are one of the most common and most economical secondhand Kyosho 1/8 scale cars available on the second hand market. This makes the 7.5 an excellent car for beginners who are looking for relatively modern technology with an abundance of replacement and performance parts with the option to convert to brushless if desired.

Inferno MP777 (2004–2008)

Models and specifications

The MP777 was released in 2004 to celebrate 6 successive titles at the IFMAR world championships.^[2] The fact that this car was more of an evolution than a revolution compared to its predecessor is reflected through the retention of the number 7 as the first character of the model number. The main focus of the MP777 was increased durability, better fine tuning options, and improved handling characteristics by moving the center of gravity.

MP777, item no. 31777 (2004–2008)

Among the main changes to the layout and construction of the MP777 there was a newly positioned center of gravity, as well as longer stroke for the rear suspension and more suspension pin angles. The durability was improved through additional components such as a muffler guard to prevent damage from lateral hits, guarded front hubs, and even a newly designed "dish type" wheel to prevent dirt from getting in the a axels on muddy tracks. ^[43] Although these changes do not seem significant they provided the foundation to win the IFMAR championship title that followed in Indonesia in 2006.^[44]

MP777 SP 1, item no. 31778 (2004–2005)

The SP1 had a number of upgrades including traction control front differential, a machined Duralumin engine mount, various blue anodized alloy parts and also had a set of dampers which had a special coating on the inside to reduce friction. ^[45]

MP777 SP 2, item no. 31779 & 31779S21 (2005–2006)

The SP2 had a couple of differences which were not apparent in the marketing material as this used the same care as the SP1.^[46]^[47] These included a wheelbase which had been lengthened by 4mm while the engine and R/C system had been moved 1.5mm to the rear to improve the stability and steering characteristics. ^[48]

There was also a special edition with item number 31779S21 which included a Sirio S21BK EVO-2 engine, exhaust and manifold.

MP777 WC, item no. 31780 & 31780S21 (2006–2008)

The MP777 WC Team Edition Kit came with a S21BK EVO-2 STI Motor. The car was a replica of the one which won the 7th IFMAR world championship.^[49]

Collectibillity and current popularity (2008–)

The MP777 has many years to go before it becomes a classic, and because of the large number that were produced they are not very rare (with the exception of the "s21" model numbers with the Sirio engine). Therefore most are of limited interest to collectors. They do however provide an excellent platform for brush-less electric conversions with Kyosho^[42] and many 3rd party suppliers providing conversion kits.

Inferno MP9 (2008–2018)

Models and specifications

Similar to Microsoft skipping Windows 9, or Apple the iPhone 9, the emission of an Kyosho MP8 model indicated a revolution between the new MP9 and the previous MP7X models. Despite being redesigned from the ground up, the process apparently only took 6 months.^[2] A true indication of this revolution is the fact that the MP9 also embraced the new brushless electric motor technology from the factory in addition to the traditional two stroke engine.^[50] It shares almost no parts with the previous MP7X generation and from the second car onward the abbreviation "TKI" which stands for "Team Kyosho International" was added to the model name which had not been used before.

The MP9 has been less successful over its lifetime that the other Inferno models with only one win in 2010 by US driver Cody King ^[51], however there is also now considerably more competition as the cost of engineering and production of the vehicles has decreased over time. Nevertheless it has won many other competitions and also earned a respectable second place at the IFMAR in 2016. ^[52]

MP9, item no. 31782 & 31783 (2008–2010)

Although the internals of the car were new from the ground up ^[2], the body still harked back to the long swooping lines and curves of previous Inferno models. This would start to change from the TKI2 model onward. Different from the MP6 and MP7.5 generations, the budget conscious version of the MP9 no longer used the "Sports" branding. Instead it was simply known as number 31783. As with previous entry level cars, the focus lay on keeping the overall characteristics and functionality of the car the same, with the main cost savings being in the materials and level of finish applied to the individual components .^[53] There were no "ready-set" pre-assembled cars in this first release.

MP9TKI2, item no. 31784, 31785, 31785CK, 31785JT, 31786 & 31787 (2010–2012)

With the ever increasing speed of the cars, aerodynamics of the body started to play a more important role. This was also noticeable in the marketing material for later models. ^[54] The "cabin" section of the body became more steeply racked and the back of the body was tapered upwards towards the spoiler. These changes started a shift away from the traditional drawn out, rounded lines that started with the Turbo Burns back in the late 1980s. The TKI2 started with a semi-assembled 31784 ^[55] and a regular un-assembled 31785 kit. ^[56]

Another first was the launch of limited edition models named after Kyosho team drivers Cody King^[57] who one the IFMAR championship in 2010, and Jaret Tebo who set the fastest qualifying time.^[58] They had set numbers 31785CK and 31785JT respectively. The cars were released to celebrate the 8th IFMAR victory and featured the same engine as the championship winning car. Depending on the model, either Cody King's or Jaret Tebo's signatures were engraved on the mufflers. As with the MP777 there was also a general World Championship "WC" car released which was not driver specific. It had item number 31786 ^[59] followed by a semi-assembled "Spec A" version of the same car with item number 31787^[60]. This was the final release for the TKI2 range of cars.

MP9TKI3, item no. 31788 & 31888 & 31889T1 (2012–2016)

The TKI3 was a relatively minor evolution of the TKI2 focusing on strengthening certain components and re-positioning of some parts to further optimize the handling. ^[61] The big change in the TKI3 line-up was the introduction of a ready-set car which was completely pre-assembled and featured metal parts that were stamped rather than machined to further reduce the cost.^[62] There were two model numbers, 31888 and 31889T1 which both had KE21R engines. Based on Kyoshos archive, the 31889T1 was roughly 25% cheaper than a regular, un-assembled version (approx. 60.000 vs. 80000 Yen), yet included an engine and all necessary electronics.^[62] The car appeared to be less of a compromise compared to previous "Sports" iterations and offered a more competitive car for entry level enthusiast. Continuing the public's interest in "ready-set" cars, the MP9TKI3 was also released as a palm sized Mini-Z version which could be driving indoors and had item number 32081BB. This was the first indication of a true commercialization for the Kyosho Inferno brand.

MP9TKI4, item no. 33001, 33007, 30898 & KYO33011B (2016–2018)

In 2016 the TKI4 earned a respectable second place at the IFMAR championships however the changes between the TKI3 and TKI4 were probably among the smallest between Kyosho releases. This can be seen from the parts available in the TKI3 upgrade pack provided by Kyosho.^[52] . This car was also available as a partially assembled "Spec-A" variant with number 33007. The innovation which might have been missing between the TKI3 and TKI4 was definitely compensated for by the MP9e brushless Kit with number 30898. This was the first electric 1:8 off-road buggy that Kyosho had released from the factory and showed the company embracing an entirely different type of technology which not only brings drastic changes to the way a car handles and performs but also requires entirely new parts and a different layout to maintain similar handling characteristics.

In 2018 an important milestone was reached as the TKI4 welcomed the 10th anniversary of the MP9 series of cars (number KYO33011B). 10 years is the longest production run of any of the 1/8 Kyosho off-road models. This edition also includes many optional parts in the standard kit and is the highest spec. TKI4.^[54] Even more impressive is that in 2018 one also celebrated 30 years since the release of the MP1 Burns series which essentially set the foundation for all the 1:8 Kyosho Buggy's that followed. .

Inferno MP10 (2019–)

Models and specifications

MP10, item no. 33015 (2019–)

In January 2019 Kyosho released the new MP10 marking an end to the 10-year production cycle of the MP9. The new car was redesigned from the ground up and Kyosho goes to great lengths to show this by illustrating the main changes to the MP9 in detail on the MP10's webpage. ^[63]

External references and citations

External references

Works cited

1. ^Insert formatted reference
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25. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamiyaclub.com/showroom_model.asp?cid=114210|title=Kyosho MP5 EVO2 Unboxing|last=|first=|date=|website=Tamiya Club|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/gp/148807212@N06/71p5ti|title=MP6 Standard special large shock edition|last=|first=|date=|website=Flickr|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/gp/148807212@N06/92W457|title=MP6 Standard, special large shock edition|last=|first=|date=|website=Flickr|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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30. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.offroad-cult.org/Tracktest/Inferno%20MP6%20SPORTS/Kyosho%20MP6%20Sports.htm|title=MP6 Sports review|last=|first=|date=|website=Offroad Cult|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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36. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.infernosonly.com/Kyosho_Inferno_Sports_4_Ready_Set_p/kyo31279t2-b.htm|title=Inforno Sports v4 for sale at Infernosonly.com|last=|first=|date=|website=www.infernosonly.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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38. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?130955-Differences-between-Inferno-MP7-5-and-Sports-version|title=RC Groups, differences between MP7.5 Standard and MP7.5 Sports.|last=|first=|date=|website=RCGroups.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
39. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcuniverse.com/forum/rc-1-8th-scale-buggies/2370135-whats-kyosho-difference-print.html|title=MP7.5 Differences|last=|first=|date=|website=www.RCUniverse.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
40. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcmart.com/kyosho-31273-inferno-mp75-yuichi-kanai-p-6078.html|title=RC Mart MP7.5 Kanai 3|last=|first=|date=|website=RC Mart|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
41. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rctech.net/forum/nitro-off-road/813208-kyosho-mp7-5-kanai.html|title=RCTech MP7.5 Kanai|last=|first=|date=|website=RC Tech|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
42. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/ifw451.html|title=Kyosho Inferno Brushless Conversion Kit|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
43. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.winrctech.com.hk/product_sub2_sub1.php?id=35&sid=7&bid=1&cc=1|title=MP777 Specs|last=|first=|date=|website=www.winrctech.com.hk|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
44. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rccaraction.com/2012-ifmar-18-scale-off-road-world-championships-are-almost-here/|title=List of IFMAR Winners 1986 to 2010|last=|first=|date=|website=www.rccaraction.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
45. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31779.html|title=MP777 SP1 on Kyosho website|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
46. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31779.html|title=MP777 SP2 on Kyosho website|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
47. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kyosho.com/jpn/fun/magazine/pdf/rcw0510_1.pdf|title=Kyosho sales brochure|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
48. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.winrctech.com.hk/product_sub2_sub1.php?id=36&sid=7&bid=1&cc=1|title=MP777 SP2 Specs|last=|first=|date=|website=www.winrctech.com.hk|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
49. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31780s21.html|title=Kyosho MP777 WC 31780S21|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
50. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/30898.html|title=MP9e TKI4 on Kyosho Website|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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52. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.de/Kyosho-Inferno-TKI4-Buggy-Upgrade/dp/B01F3XLZ70|title=Kyosho TKI3 to TKI4 upgrade kit|last=|first=|date=|website=www.amazon.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
53. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31783.html|title=MP9 71783 Entry Level model|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
54. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.amainhobbies.com/kyosho-inferno-mp9-tki4-10th-anniversary-special-edition-1-8-nitro-buggy-kit-kyo33011b/p733364|title=MP9 TKI4 10 anniversary edition at Amainhobbies|last=|first=|date=|website=www.ammainhobbies.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
55. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/discontinued/dis-rccar/gpoffroad/31784.html|title=MP9 item no.31784 semi assembled on kyosho website|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31785.html|title=MP9 TKI2 31785|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
57. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/discontinued/dis-rccar/gpoffroad/31785ck.html|title=MP9 TKI2CR Cody King Special|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
58. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/discontinued/dis-rccar/gpoffroad/31785jt.html|title=MP9 TKI2JT Jaret Tebo special edition|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
59. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/discontinued/dis-rccar/gpoffroad/31786.html|title=MP9 TKI2 31786 Semi Assembled|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
60. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31787.html|title=MP9 TKI2 WC Limited Edition Spec-A|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
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62. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/31889t1.html|title=MP9 TKI3 Ready Set|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
63. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rc.kyosho.com/en/inferno-mp10/|title=Inferno MP10 on Kyosho main page|last=|first=|date=|website=www.kyosho.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}

General History

Background

Timeline[6]

Classic Inferno (late 1991–1996)

Models & Specifications

Inferno 4WD, item no. 3281 (late 1991 – late 1993)

Inferno DX; item no. 3290h (1992–1994)

Turbo Inferno; item no. 31346 (1994–1995)

Inferno DX II Ltd.; item no. 31552 (1995–1996)

Overview of main differences between classic Inferno models

Notable optional parts

Box art and marketing material

Collectibillity and current popularity (1996–)

Inferno MP5 & MP6 (1995–2002)

Models and specifications

MP5, item no. 31551 (1995–1998)

MP5 EVO1, item no. 31664 (1996–1997)

MP5 EVO2, item no. 31781 (1997–1998)

MP6, item no. 31891 (1998–2002)

MP6 Sport, item no. 31951 (1999–2002)

MP6 International, item no. 31892 (1998–2002)

Overview of main differences between MP5 & MP6 models

Notable Optional parts

Box Art and Marketing Material

Collectibillity and current popularity (2002–)

Inferno MP7.5 (2000–2004, 2009 for "Sports" models)

Models and specifications

MP7.5, item no. 31081 (2000–2004)

MP7.5 Sports v1, item no. 31192 (2001–2005) , v2 item no. 31276 (2005–2009), v3 item no. 31278 (2009), v4 item no. 31279 (2009)

MP7.5 Kanai 1, item no. 31191 (2000–2001)

MP7.5 Kanai 2, item no. 31271 (2001–2002)

MP7.5 Kanai 3, item no. 31273 (2002–2004)

Collectibillity and current popularity (2008–)

Inferno MP777 (2004–2008)

Models and specifications

MP777, item no. 31777 (2004–2008)

MP777 SP 1, item no. 31778 (2004–2005)

MP777 SP 2, item no. 31779 & 31779S21 (2005–2006)

MP777 WC, item no. 31780 & 31780S21 (2006–2008)

Collectibillity and current popularity (2008–)

Inferno MP9 (2008–2018)

Models and specifications

MP9, item no. 31782 & 31783 (2008–2010)

MP9TKI2, item no. 31784, 31785, 31785CK, 31785JT, 31786 & 31787 (2010–2012)

MP9TKI3, item no. 31788 & 31888 & 31889T1 (2012–2016)

MP9TKI4, item no. 33001, 33007, 30898 & KYO33011B (2016–2018)

Inferno MP10 (2019–)

Models and specifications

MP10, item no. 33015 (2019–)

External references and citations

External references

Works cited

Timeline^[6]