“Lapua Cartridge Factory explosion”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Lapua Cartridge Factory explosion ({{lang-fi|Lapuan patruunatehtaan räjähdys}}) was an industrial disaster in an ammunition factory in Lapua, Finland on 13 April 1976. Forty workers, the vast majority of them women,^[1] were killed and 60 people injured. This was Finland's worst industrial disaster.^[2]

Event

The explosion occurred at 07:43, totally destroying the building.^[3] The blast was heard up to {{convert|20|km}} away.^[4] Most of the injured had been in the factory at the time, but some outside were injured by shrapnel.^[5] Of the dead, thirty-five were women. Fifty-two children under the age of 16 lost at least one parent in the accident.^[5]

A strike by telephone engineers meant that there was reduced communication in Lapua at this time,^[3] as many of the circuits had not been fully repaired after the winter and the telephone exchange was quickly overwhelmed as relatives phoned searching for information.^[4] Rescue efforts were hampered by the fact that fires were still burning, causing several of the remaining cartridges to explode at sporadic intervals.^[6] Beginning at 08:05, the injured began to be transferred to the district hospital in Seinäjoki.^[3] Staff at this hospital had already received training in preparation for a major incident, as the town was located at a railway junction.^[4] Medical staff were concerned that the clothing worn by victims of the incident could include live ammunition which could be accidentally set off.^[5] Military helicopters brought blood supplies from Helsinki for transfusions.^[5]

Response

The same day, the Minister of Defence, Ingvar S. Melin, visited the health centre in the town and the Parliament of Finland observed a minute's silence.^[5] Many of the funerals were broadcast live on Finnish television.^[1]^[5] The accident resulted in an enhanced level of crisis support from the Finnish authorities and donations from private individuals came in from across the nation to help.^[1]

Investigation

Debris from the scene was taken to the laboratory of the Finnish Defence Forces for analysis,^[7] In November 1976 investigators found that the explosion had begun with a machine which dispensed gunpowder and had spread from there, causing a chain reaction.^[8] Investigators tested numerous possible scenarios, among them the theory that rust had caused the machine to malfunction or that a foreign object had lodged in the machine. However, a definitive cause of the explosion was never discovered.^[8] Investigators speculated that poor ventilation in the factory had caused a buildup of gunpowder dust, which was then ignited by a spark.^[4] The accident resulted in new legislation in the armaments industry which brought in stricter safety measures.^[7]

In 1978 legal action against the factory's owners began; this ended in 1982 with all defendants being acquitted.^[8] Just a few weeks after the explosion, the decision was taken to rebuild the factory. It was rebuilt {{convert|6|km}} from the city centre.^[8]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://m.mtv.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/artikkeli/kuvat-suomen-tuhoisimmasta-rajahdyksesta-40-vuotta-arkkurivi-hiljensi-koko-kansan/5831464?mtv_ref=twb_uutiset_uusimmat |title=Suomen tuhoisimmasta räjähdyksestä 40 vuotta – arkkurivi hiljensi koko kansan |last= |first= |publisher=MTV3 |date=10 April 2016 |access-date=2 July 2016 |language=Finnish |trans-title=Finland's devastating explosion 40 years on: the rows of coffins silenced the entire nation}}
2. ^{{cite book |last=Sumiala |first=Johanna |date=2013 |title=Media and Ritual: Death, Community, and Everyday Life |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6SPnOXv6OhgC&pg=PA95 |location= |publisher=Routledge |page=95 |isbn=0415684323}}
3. ^¹²{{cite journal |last=Kekki |first=Pertti |date=May 1978 |title=The operation of a health centre after a catastrophe in Finland |url=http://bjgp.org/content/bjgp/28/190/298.full.pdf |journal=The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners |publisher= |volume= |issue= |pages=298–301 |doi= |access-date=2 July 2016}}
4. ^¹²³{{cite web |url=http://m.mtv.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/artikkeli/lapuan-rajahdys-taytti-sairaalan-murheellisinta-oli-seurata-omaisiaan-etsineita/5831460 |title=Lapuan räjähdys täytti sairaalan |last= |first= |publisher=MTV3 |date=10 April 2016 |access-date=2 July 2016 |language=Finnish |trans-title=The Lapua explosion filled the hospital}}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite news |last=Harju |first=Jukka |date=10 April 2016 |title=Lapuan patruunatehtaan räjähdys koskettaa yhä |trans-title=The Lapua Cartridge Factory explosion still affects people |url=http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/a1460169049987 |language=Finnish |newspaper=Helsingin Sanomat |location=Helsinki, Finland |access-date=3 July 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://m.mtv.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/artikkeli/nelja-tarinaa-lapuan-tuhoisasta-rajahdyksesta-siina-hetkessa-se-iski-se-oli-aitini-tyopaikka/5831458 |title=Neljä tarinaa Lapuan tuhoisasta räjähdyksestä |last= |first= |publisher=MTV3 |date=10 April 2016 |access-date=2 July 2016 |language=Finnish |trans-title=Lapua's devastating explosion in 4 stories}}
7. ^¹{{cite journal |last= |first= |date=May 1978 |title=A twelve-month undertaking|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xD3yAAAAMAAJ&q=lapua+factory+explosion&dq=lapua+factory+explosion|journal=Work, Health, Safety|publisher=Institute of Occupational Health |volume= |issue= |pages=38–39 |doi= |access-date=2 July 2016}}
8. ^¹²³{{cite news |last=Jaakkonen |first=Pasi |date=13 April 2016 |title=Tapahtumat hetki hetkeltä 13.4.1976: Lapuan patruunatehtaan räjähdyksessä kuoli silmänräpäyksessä 40 ihmistä|trans-title=Events moment by moment 13 April 1976: The Lapua cartridge factory explosion killed 40 people in an instant|url=http://www.iltasanomat.fi/kotimaa/art-2000001157324.html |language=Finnish |newspaper=Ilta-Sanomat |location=Helsinki, Finland |access-date=4 July 2016}}