| 词条 | Lawrence O. Brockway |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Lawrence Olin Brockway | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date |1907|09|23}} | birth_place = Topeka, Kansas | death_date = {{death date and age |1979|11|17 |1907|09|23}} | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = American | fields = Physical chemistry | workplaces = University of Michigan | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = Linus Pauling | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = Lawrence Bartell, Isabella Karle, Jerome Karle | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = ACS Award in Pure Chemistry {{small|(1940)}} | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }}Lawrence Olin Brockway (1907-1979) was a physical chemist who spent most of his career at the University of Michigan, where he developed early methods for electron diffraction.[1] Early life and educationBrockway was born on September 23, 1907, in Topeka, Kansas.[2] He attended the University of Nebraska and received his B.S. in 1929 and his M.S. a year later. He then moved to the California Institute of Technology, where he was one of the first graduate students of Linus Pauling. He and Pauling were interested in the physics of interatomic interactions and focused their efforts on the structure of chalcopyrite, which established Brockway's interest in electron diffraction as a method for studying molecular structure.[3] Brockway received his Ph.D. in 1933.[1] He spent the next several years as a research fellow at Caltech and then received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1937 to spend the following year at the University of Oxford and Royal Institution.[2][4] Academic careerAfter returning to the United States in 1938, Brockway joined the faculty at the University of Michigan, where he reached the rank of full professor in 1945 and remained until he assumed professor emeritus status at the end of 1976. During his career at Michigan he was noted as a committed educator and continued teaching specialized seminars after his retirement.[4] Brockway's research interests focused primarily on continued development of electron diffraction, which he began studying as a graduate student, and broadened later to include surface chemistry and thin films.[1] Brockway received the American Chemical Society Award for Pure Chemistry in 1940.[5] He held a number of leadership positions in scientific societies: he helped to found the American Crystallographic Association and served as its president in 1953, as well as serving in various capacities with the International Union of Crystallography and with the National Research Council. In addition, he consulted for external institutions working on defense-related projects during World War II and for industrial interests thereafter.[1] Brockway was the Ph.D. advisor of future Michigan chemist Lawrence Bartell[6] and of 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Jerome Karle, as well as his wife and scientific collaborator Isabella Karle.[7][8]{{rp|89}} Brockway died on November 17, 1979.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Memorial: Lawrence O. Brockway|url=http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/lawrence-o-brockway/memorial|website=University of Michigan Faculty History Project|accessdate=10 March 2017}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Brockway, Lawrence O.}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lawrence O. Brockway|url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/lawrence-o-brockway/|website=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation|accessdate=10 March 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=The Crystal Structure of Chalcopyrite|url=https://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2010/01/14/the-crystal-structure-of-chalcopyrite/|website=The Pauling Blog|publisher=Oregon State University Libraries|accessdate=10 March 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Memoir: Lawrence O. Brockway|url=http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/lawrence-o-brockway/memoir|website=University of Michigan Faculty History Project|accessdate=10 March 2017|date=1 January 1977}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=ACS Award in Pure Chemistry|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/acs-award-in-pure-chemistry.html|website=American Chemical Society|accessdate=10 March 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Hargittai|first1=István|last2=Hargittai|first2=Magdolna|title=Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists|date=2003|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9781783261116|chapter=5: Lawrence S. Bartell}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Jerome Karle - Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/karle-bio.html|website=Nobelprize.org|accessdate=10 March 2017}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=Cynthia C.|title=Remembering the Manhattan Project: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy|date=27 January 2005|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9789814481786}} 5 : American physical chemists|California Institute of Technology alumni|University of Michigan faculty|1907 births|1979 deaths |
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