| 词条 | 8×50mmR Mannlicher |
| 释义 |
| name = 8×50mmR Mannlicher | image = 8x50R Mannlicher.jpg | image_size = 110px | caption = | origin = Austria-Hungary | type = Rifle cartridge | service = | used_by = Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Italy | wars = World War I, World War II | designer = | design_date = 1890 (M. 90) | manufacturer = | production_date = | number = | variants = | is_SI_specs = yes | parent = 8×52mmR Mannlicher | case_type = Rimmed, bottleneck | bullet = 8.15 | neck = 9.03 | shoulder = 12.01 | base = 12.48 | rim_dia = 14.11 | rim_thick = 1.38 | case_length = 50.38 | length = 76.21 | case_capacity = | rifling = | primer = | max_pressure = | max_cup = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = | is_SI_ballistics = | bwunit = | bw1 = 244 | btype1 = M90 RN | vel1 = 1950. | en1 = 2060. | bw2 = 244 | btype2 = M93 RN | vel2 = 2035. | en2 = 2244. | bw3 = | btype3 = | vel3 = | en3 = | bw4 = | btype4 = | vel4 = | en4 = | bw5 = | btype5 = | vel5 = | en5 = | test_barrel_length = 30 | balsrc = }}Note: Not to be confused with the French 8×50mmR Lebel cartridge. The Austro-Hungarian 8×50mmR Mannlicher or 8×50mmR M93 is a service cartridge dating back to the days of semi-smokeless powder. It was later replaced by (and many weapons were rechambered for) the 8×56mmR cartridge.{{cn|date=January 2019}} HistoryM90In approximately 1890, the Austro-Hungarian Empire converted the older, black powder filled 8×52mmR Mannlicher round into a semi-smokeless cartridge, following upon the heels of France's 8 mm Lebel cartridge, the first smokeless military round. This new round was designated 8mm M.1890 scharfe Patrone or "nitro-Patrone". It was loaded with the same 244gr bullet but carried a 43gr charge of "Gewehrpulver" ("rifle powder", Austria-Hungary's name for their version of smokeless powder, which was actually a "semi-smokeless" powder{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}). The new semi-smokeless loading pushed the bullet to a velocity of {{convert|1,950|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} in the converted M.88/90 and M.86/90 Mannlicher rifles. M93In 1893 the loading was once again updated with the perfection of a completely smokeless powder by the Austro-Hungarians. This new loading was designated 8mm M.1893 scharfe Patrone, it was loaded with the same bullet as the two previous loadings but used a 43gr charge of the new Gewehrepulver M.1892. This improved ballistics slightly to {{convert|2035|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} out of the long M.88/90 and later M.95 long rifles, it was about {{convert|200|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} less out of the repetier-carabiner M.90 and M.95. Current useThe IOF.315 Sporting Rifle uses this cartridge under the title of .315. The 8×50mmR Mannlicher cartridge has a long history of sporting use in India, as it was a simple matter to modify the Lee–Enfield action to accommodate the 8×50mmR in place of the .303 inch cartridge, thus providing a solution to the British colonial administration's ban on civilians possessing rifles chambering British military cartridges while offering a cartridge of similar capabilities. British gunmakers BSA produced sporting versions of the Lee–Enfield military rifle, chambered in "8mm (.315")" from well before World War I until at least the 1930s. The British-founded "Rifle Factory Ishapore" continues to manufacture Lee–Enfield sporting rifles in this chambering. HandloadingReloadable cartridge cases can be produced by reforming and trimming 8×56mmR Mannlicher or 7.62×54mmR Mosin–Nagant Russian brass. Standard .323" 8mm S-bullets are correct for this caliber though best results are obtained from open-base bullets that can expand to fit the .329" bore. RCBS offers both reforming and reloading dies. When reloading for "wedge-lock" Mannlicher rifles such as the M.88, M.86/88, M.86/90 or M.88/90 chamber pressures should be kept low for safety. Rifles such as the Mannlicher M.95 using a stronger rotating-bolt design can be loaded to higher pressures. References*{{cite web |url=http://www.municion.org/8mann/8mann.htm |title=8 x 50 R Mannlicher - MUNICION.ORG |work=municion.org |accessdate=February 14, 2013}}{{DEFAULTSORT:8by50mmR Mannlicher}} 5 : 8×50mmR Mannlicher firearms|Military cartridges|Pistol and rifle cartridges|Rimmed cartridges|Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1890 |
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