“920th Rescue Wing”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 920th Rescue Wing is part of the Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the United States Air Force. The wing is assigned to the Tenth Air Force of the Air Force Reserve Command.

The 920 RQW is home stationed at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, with additional Geographically Separated Units (GSUs) consisting of the 943d Rescue Group at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona; the 304th Rescue Squadron at Portland Air National Guard Base, Oregon; and the 920th Aerospace Medicine Flight at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia. If mobilized to active duty with the Regular Air Force, the 920 RQW is operationally gained by the Air Combat Command (ACC).

Overview

Headquartered at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, the 920th Rescue Wing is the Air Force Reserve Command's premier combat search and rescue (CSAR) unit. The wing consists of over 1,500 Airmen, trained and equipped to locate and recover U.S. Armed Forces personnel during both peacetime and wartime military operations. Additional missions have included manned spaceflight support, such as providing rescue support for NASA Space Shuttle missions during that program's operation; providing search and rescue support for civilians who are lost or in distress; and lending support in humanitarian and disaster relief operations with the wing's HH-60G Pave Hawk and HC-130P/N Hercules aircraft.

In addition to its aircraft squadrons in Florida and Arizona, the wing also has three additional squadrons in Florida, Arizona and Oregon consisting of Combat Rescue Officers (CROs) and enlisted Pararescuemen, the latter known as PJs. While many CROs and PJs enter the 920 RQW from the active duty Air Force, others are accessed directly into the Air Force Reserve. CRO and PJ Candidates must pass a physical assessment test which has about 15% success rate. An average of eighty people Air Force-wide enter the 2-year training program each year.^[3]

An additional flight-level organization consisting of medical personnel is located in Virginia.

Units

Operations

History

Need for reserve troop carrier groups

During the first half of 1955, the Air Force began detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages. Communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. Continental Air Command (ConAC)'s plan called for placing Air Force Reserve units at fifty-nine installations located throughout the United States. When these relocations were completed in 1959, reserve wing headquarters and wing support elements would typically be on one base, along with one (or in some cases two) of the wing's flying squadrons, while the remaining flying squadrons were spread over thirty-five Air Force, Navy and civilian airfields under what was called the Detached Squadron Concept.^[6]

Although this dispersal was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult. This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 To resolve this, at the start of 1962, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons. This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed. However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for the Cuban missile crisis, with the units being released on 22 November 1962. The formation of troop carrier groups occurred in January 1963 for units that had not been mobilized, but was delayed until February for those that had been.^[7]

Activation of 920th Troop Carrier Group

As a result, the 920th Troop Carrier Group was established at Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee, on 11 February 1963 as the headquarters for the 702d Troop Carrier Squadron, which had been stationed there since November 1957.^[8] Along with group headquarters, a Combat Support Squadron, Materiel Squadron and a Tactical Infirmary were organized to support the 702d.

The group's mission was to organize, recruit and train Air Force Reserve personnel in the tactical airlift of airborne forces, their equipment and supplies and delivery of these forces and materials by airdrop, landing or cargo extraction systems. The group was equipped with Fairchild C-123 Providers for Tactical Air Command airlift operations.

The 920th was one of three groups assigned to the 445th Troop Carrier Wing in 1963,^[9] the others being the 918th Troop Carrier Group at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, and the 919th Troop Carrier Group at Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee. The group continued training with Providers at Memphis until it was inactivated in 1965.

Tactical airlift and weather reconnaissance

In 1973 the group was again activated at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, as the 920th Tactical Airlift Group and equipped with Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft as part of the 459th Tactical Airlift Wing. In 1973 it was redesignated as the 920th Weather Reconnaissance Group and it then flew weather reconnaissance missions with WC-130 Hercules aircraft, including flying into hurricanes from 1976 to 1983 as part of the 403d Rescue and Weather Reconnaissance Wing at Keesler.^[2]

Air rescue

In January 1993, the 301st Rescue Squadron moved from its former base at Homestead Air Force Base, which had been devastated by Hurricane Andrew, to Patrick Air Force Base.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}} In April 1997, the rescue mission at Patrick expanded as the group was reactivated as the 920th Rescue Group, forming a headquarters for the 301st and the 39th Rescue Squadron as the helicopter and fixed wing elements of the 301st Squadron were formed into separate units.^[2]

In one day in March 1993, the group saved 93 elderly residents from rising flood waters at their Tampa area retirement community. The 920th routinely searches the Caribbean for downed aircraft and retrieves critically ill sailors from ships hundreds of miles out in the Atlantic. Most recently, airmen of the 920th Rescue Wing, with aid from the U.S. Coast Guard, made a daring rescue of 28 British seamen from their sinking merchant vessel 270 miles off the east coast of Florida. In 2005, the wing's HC-130 and HH-60 flight crews recorded more than 1,000 lives saved during disaster operations along the Louisiana/Mississippi/Alabama Gulf Coast in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The wing's flight crews fly in weather conditions which often test man and machine or at night using night-vision goggle (NVG) technology. The 920th completes arduous, over-water rescues which frequently require the unit's HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters to be mid-air refueled by their HC-130P Hercules aircraft — a capability not shared by the U.S. Coast Guard's HH-60J and MH-60T Jayhawk helicopters.

The wing is also fully integrated into the Air Force's Air and Space Expeditionary Force and previously deployed personnel and equipment to the former Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland on a routine basis in support of NATO operations, and to various locations in Southwest Asia (to include combat zones in Iraq and Djibouti) in support of Operation Desert Storm, Operation Southern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

In 2003 the group became the 920th Rescue Wing and became the parent unit for all combat search and rescue organizations in Air Force Reserve Command as it added the 943d Rescue Group on the west coast.

In 2004, the wing's Regular Air Force associated command was briefly reassigned from Air Combat Command to Air Force Special Operations Command. This was done as part of a USAF and DoD Joint Personnel Recovery Agency initiative to merge all USAF combat search and rescue assets and USAF special operations fixed-wing and rotary-wing airborne infiltration/exfiltration, helicopter air refueling, and combat search and rescue assets into a single command. However, command and control issues unique to the special operations community made it apparent that this was not a preferred arrangement, and in 2006, all combat search and rescue assets in AFSOC were aligned under Air Combat Command as the gaining command in the Continental United States and under Pacific Air Forces foir units in the Alaska Air National Guard.

In 2005, the wing provided extensive rescue and humanitarian support along the U.S. Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina, this less than 48 hours following the return of a significant portion of the wing's assets from an AEF deployment to Djibouti. Most recently (FY 2008), three of the 920th Rescue Wing's subordinate squadrons, the 39th, 301st and 308th Rescue Squadrons, led military units engaged in civilian rescue and relief for recent hurricane-related disasters in southeast Texas, Louisiana, and parts of Mississippi to include Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi. Both Hurricanes Hannah and Ike wreaked havoc upon these states, with the 301st Squadron providing support with HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters, the 39th Squadron with HC-130P Hercules aircraft and the 308th Squadron providing pararescue support.

Members of the Patrick Air Force Base 920th Rescue Wing were honored in January 2018 in the International Maritime Museum Hamburg in Hamburg after saving two German citizens, whose vessel caught fire in July 2017 about 500 nautical miles off of Cape Canaveral. The medal is the organization’s highest recognition awarded to individuals, crews or organizations who either took part in the rescue of Germans, or to German crews who took part in a rescue under extremely difficult or challenging circumstances. The German Maritime Search and Rescue Service presented the 920th Rescue Wing with the Medal of Honor for Rescue in Distress in a special ceremony.^[10]

Lineage

Assignments

Components

Stations

Aircraft

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Colonel Kurt A. Matthews|url=http://www.920rqw.afrc.af.mil/AboutUs/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/746/Article/1044912/colonel-kurt-a-matthews.aspx|publisher=920th Rescue Wing|accessdate=15 February 2017}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²{{cite web |url= http://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/433559/920-rescue-wing-afrc/ |last1=Robertson|first1=Patsy|title=Factsheet 920 Rescue Wing (AFRC)|date=May 13, 2008|publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency|deadurl=no |accessdate=July 16, 2016}}
3. ^{{Cite news | first=R. Norman | last=Moody | title=Parachute jumpers' journey begins at Patrick | url=| work= | publisher=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages= 1A | date=10 October 2010 | id= | accessdate=}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.920rqw.afrc.af.mil/Units.aspx|title=Units|website=www.920rqw.afrc.af.mil|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-16}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.920rqw.afrc.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/704/Article/188939/rescue-wing-activates-new-flight.aspx|title=Rescue Wing activates new flight|newspaper=920th Rescue Wing|access-date=2017-02-16|language=en-US}}
6. ^Cantwell, pp. 156, 169
7. ^Cantwell, pp. 189-191
8. ^Maurer, pp. 707-708
9. ^Ravenstein, pp. 241-242
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/263976/reserve-wing-receives-prestigious-german-maritime-search-and-rescue-award|title=Reserve wing receives prestigious German Maritime Search and Rescue award|last=Maurice|first=Lindsey|date=26 January 2018|work=|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=920th Rescue Wing Public Affairs}}
11. ^920th Rescue Wing – 943 Rescue Group. 920rqw.afrc.af.mil. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
12. ^Components are stationed with wing headquarters, except as noted.