| 词条 | Belvoir Castle |
| 释义 |
| name = Belvoir Castle | native_name = | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Belvoir Castle.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Belvoir Castle | map_type = Leicestershire | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within Leicestershire | map_size = | map_dot_label = | relief = | former_names = | alternate_names = | etymology = | status = | cancelled = | topped_out = | building_type = | architectural_style = Gothic Revival | classification = | location = North East Leicestershire | address = | location_city = | location_country = England | coordinates = {{coord|52|53|40.2|N|0|46|57.22|W|display=inline}} | altitude = {{convert|138|m|ft}} | current_tenants = | namesake = | groundbreaking_date = 1067 | start_date = | stop_date = | est_completion = | topped_out_date = | completion_date = | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | relocated_date = | renovation_date = 1801–1832 | closing_date = | demolition_date = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland | landlord = | affiliation = | height = | architectural = | tip = | antenna_spire = | roof = | top_floor = | observatory = | diameter = | circumference = | weight = | other_dimensions = | structural_system = | material = | size = | floor_count = | floor_area = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = James Wyatt | architecture_firm = | developer = | engineer = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | main_contractor = | awards = | designations = | known_for = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_engineer = | ren_str_engineer = | ren_serv_mengineer = | ren_civ_engineer = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_contractor = | ren_awards = | rooms = | parking = | url = | embed = | embedded = | references = | footnotes = }} Belvoir Castle ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|v|ər|audio=En-belvoir_castle.ogg}} {{respell|BEE|vər}}[1]) is a stately home in the English county of Leicestershire, overlooking the Vale of Belvoir ({{gbmapping|SK820337}}). It is a Grade I listed building.[2] A corner of the castle is still used as the family home of the Manners family and remains the seat of the Dukes of Rutland, most of whom are buried in the grounds of the mausoleum there. The castle remains privately owned, but is open to visitors. The castle is near several villages, including Redmile, Woolsthorpe, Knipton, Harston, Harlaxton, Croxton Kerrial and Bottesford and the town of Grantham. Antiquarian John Leland wrote in the 16th century, "the castle stands on the very nape of a high hill, steep up each way, partly by nature, partly by the working of men's hands."[3] HistoryFirst castleA Norman castle originally stood on the high ground within the wapentake of Framland, overlooking the adjacent wapentake of Winnibriggs.[4] in Lincolnshire and dominating both.[5] It was built on the land of Robert de Todeni of the Doomsday Book, and inherited from him by William d'Aubigny. It then eventually passed to William's granddaughter Isabel, who married Robert de Ros circa 1234. Belvoir was a royal manor until it was granted to Robert de Ros in 1257. He was given a licence to crenellate in 1267.[6] When that family died out in 1508, the manor and castle passed to George Manners, who inherited the castle and barony through his mother. His son was created Earl of Rutland in 1525. Second castleThe Norman castle had been in ruins since 1464 and , in 1528, Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland started construction of a new castle. It was completed in 1555.[7][7] Much of the stone for this building came from Croxton Abbey and Belvoir Priory following their dissolution.[7]{{rp|22}} In the early 17th century, castle servants Joan, Margaret and Phillipa Flower were accused of murdering the 6th Earl's two young sons by witchcraft. Joan died while in prison and Margaret and Phillipa were hanged.[8] During the English Civil War, it was one of the more notable strongholds of the king's supporters and King Charles spent a night here on his way into Lincolnshire.[7]{{rp|30}} Third castleIn 1649, the castle was destroyed by Parliamentarians. A new building was started in 1654 which was designed as a large family home[9]{{rp|8}} by the architect John Webb. Work was completed by 1668[9]{{rp|32}} and cost £11,730 ({{Inflation|UK|11730|1668|r=-4|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} The 9th Earl was created Duke of Rutland in 1703. Belvoir Castle has been the home of the Manners family for five hundred years and seat of the Dukes of Rutland for over three centuries. Fourth castleBetween 1799 and 1816 the castle was rebuilt in the romantic Gothic Revival style to designs by James Wyatt, but on 26 October 1816 it was almost destroyed by a fire.[10] The loss - including pictures by Titian, Rubens, Van Dyck, and Reynolds - was estimated at £120,000. ({{Inflation|UK|120000|1816|r=-4|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} Rebuilt to largely the same designs by Elizabeth Manners, the wife of the 5th Duke at a cost of £82,000 ({{Inflation|UK|82000|1832|r=-4|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) {{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} the castle was largely completed by 1832. The architect Sir James Thornton[9]{{rp|50}} (who was the Duke's friend and chaplain and Vicar of Bottesford[11]) was chiefly responsible for this rebuilding, and the result bears a superficial resemblance to a medieval castle, its central tower reminiscent of Windsor Castle. Whilst visiting Belvoir castle in the 1840s, Anna, Duchess of Bedford, found that the normal time for dinner was between 7:00 and 8:30 p.m. An extra meal called luncheon had been created to fill the midday gap between breakfast and dinner, but as this new meal was very light, the long afternoon with no refreshment at all left people feeling hungry. She found a light meal of tea (usually Darjeeling) and cakes or sandwiches was the perfect balance. The Duchess found taking an afternoon snack to be such a perfect refreshment that she soon began inviting her friends to join her. Afternoon tea quickly became an established and convivial repast in many middle and upper class households.[12] The castle is open to the public and contains many works of art. The highlights of the tour are the lavish staterooms, the most famous being the Elizabeth Saloon (named after the wife of the 5th Duke), the Regents Gallery and the Roman-inspired State Dining Room. The Queen's Royal Lancers regimental museum of the 17th and 21st Lancers was established here in 1964, but was required to leave in October 2007. The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum is now at Thoresby Hall. EstateThe castle sits in an estate of almost {{convert|15000|acres|km2}}.[13] NameThe castle's name means beautiful view. The name Belvoir is a Norman import by the French-speaking invaders, but the native Anglo-Saxon population was unable to pronounce such a foreign word,{{dubious|date=September 2017}} preferring to call it "Beaver Castle" – a usage which persists today. MausoleumThe traditional burial place of the Manners family was St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford. Since elevation to the dukedom in 1703 most Dukes have been buried in the grounds of the mausoleum at Belvoir Castle. The mausoleum at Belvoir Castle was built by The 5th Duke of Rutland, following the death of his wife, Elizabeth Howard (1780-1825), daughter of The 5th Earl of Carlisle. After its construction, most of the 18th century monuments in Belton Church were moved to the mausoleum which then became the family's main place of burial. Burials in the mausoleum
Present useA corner of the castle is still used as the family home of the Manners family. Several films and television programmes have used it as a location, notably the 1980 film Little Lord Fauntleroy starring Sir Alec Guinness. The castle itself was used as a location for The Da Vinci Code — it represented Castel Gandolfo, the Pope's summer residence. It also featured in the 1985 film Young Sherlock Holmes starring Nicholas Rowe and Alan Cox. In September 2007, it was used as a location for The Young Victoria. In the 2001 Jim Henson production of The Real Story, the castle is where the giant bones have been discovered. The kitchen scenes of Hill House were filmed here for the 1999 version of The Haunting which is a remake of the 1963 version. The castle was used as one of several stand-ins for Buckingham Palace for the 1991 comedy film King Ralph.[14] Belvoir Castle is the host of Belvoir Fireworks,[15] an annual pyrotechnic and firework competition that takes place in mid-August. The grounds also host Belvoir Cricket Club[16] in Knipton, a village cricket club with teams playing in various leagues across Nottinghamshire. The 1st XI play in the Nottinghamshire Premier League. In 2009, Belvoir Castle hosted the CLA Game Fair.[17] In August 2010, the castle's website was mistakenly hacked and taken over by an Algerian group who blanked the pages and inserted anti-Semitic texts in Arabic. The hackers had mistaken Belvoir Castle for Belvoir Fortress, which is located in Israel.[18] In September 2010, the Belvoir Wassailers—the castle's own male voice choir—was reformed at the request of the Duchess. Directed by Robert-John Edwards, and accompanied on the piano by Paul Emmett, the Belvoir Wassailers performed at the castle's annual Belvoir by Candlelight celebration in December 2010. The choir is currently working on a variety of new material, including popular and folk music. In November 2014, Emma Manners, Duchess of Rutland appointed Timothy Grayson as the castle's poet-in-residence.[19] Briery Wood Heronry is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the grounds.[20]Belvoir Castle was used as a stand-in for Windsor Castle in the second series of British television series The Crown.[21] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/belvoir-castle?showCookiePolicy=true|title=Belvoir Castle|accessdate=25 September 2014|publisher=Collins Dictionary|date=n.d.}} 2. ^{{IoE|189989|accessdate=17 July 2007}} 3. ^Quoted in Cantor 1977–1978 p. 35. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://opendomesday.org/place/SK8333/woolsthorpe-by-belvoir/ |title=Open Domesday Map: Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir|accessdate=26 October 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~framland/Map/FramlandCs.html |title=Map of Framland showing Belvoir geography|accessdate=26 October 2015}} 6. ^{{citation |last=Cantor |first=Leonard |year=1977–1978 |title=The Medieval Castles of Leicestershire |journal=Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society |volume=53 |url=http://www.le.ac.uk/lahs/downloads/CastlesPagesfromvolumeLIII-4.pdf |format=PDF}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Leicestershire and Rutland|last=Pevsner|first=Nikolaus|publisher=Penguin|year=1984|isbn=0-14-071018-3|editor-last=Williamson|editor-first=Elizabeth|series=Buildings of England|location=London|pages=96}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=BBC News – Witches of Belvoir 'may have been framed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-24748721 |publisher=BBC |date=31 October 2013 |accessdate=28 August 2014 }} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Duchess of Rutland |first1=Rachel |last2=Pruden |first2=Jane |date= |title=Belvoir Castle. 1000 years of Family, Art and Architecture |url= |location= |publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd |page=8 |ISBN=9780711230521}} 10. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Fire at Belvoir Castle |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18161029/007/0002 |newspaper=Morning Post |location=British Newspaper Archive |date=29 October 1816 |access-date=29 July 2016 |via = British Newspaper Archive |subscription=yes }} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=Leicestershire and Rutland|last=Pevsner|first=Nikolaus|publisher=Penguin|year=1984|isbn=0-14-071018-3 |editor-last= Williamson |editor-first= Elizabeth |series= Buildings of England |location= London |pages=97 |origyear=1960 |edition=2nd |id= (with corrections of 1992)}} 12. ^p. 209, Pool, Daniel (1993) "What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew," Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, New York 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mannersarms.com |title=The Manners Arms |publisher=The Manners Arms |date= |accessdate=10 August 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-film-locations.com/King-Ralph-1991 |title=Where was King Ralph filmed? |publisher=British Film Locations |accessdate=31 October 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.belvoirfireworks.co.uk |title=Belvoir Firework Champions – 4 amazing firework displays all on the same night! |publisher=Belvoirfireworks.co.uk |date=27 August 2012 |accessdate=10 August 2013}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.belvoircc.co.uk |title=Belvoir Cricket Club, Knipton |publisher=Belvoircc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=10 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722104615/http://www.belvoircc.co.uk/ |archivedate=22 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 17. ^{{cite web|last=Shooting Politics|title=Shooting Politics, episode 1, 19th August 2009|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPup7nlQQ9s|publisher=fieldsportschannel.tv|accessdate=31 October 2012}} 18. ^Mistaken identity for Algerian hackers 19. ^{{cite news|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723190529/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Leicetser-writer-Poet-Residence-Belvoir-Castle/story-25717314-detail/story.html|title=Leicester writer made poet-in-residence of Belvoir Castle, Leicester Mercury|accessdate=21 July 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1003465&SiteName=briery&countyCode=&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea= |title=Designated Sites View: Briery Wood Heronry, Belvoir | series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest|publisher=Natural England|accessdate = 27 August 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|url = https://lincolnshirereporter.co.uk/2017/02/netflix-crews-filming-season-two-crown-belvoir-castle/ |title=Netflix crews filming season two of The Crown at Belvoir Castle |publisher=Lincolnshire Reporter|accessdate = 13 March 2018}} External links{{Commons category|Belvoir Castle}}
9 : Houses in Leicestershire|Castles in Leicestershire|Gothic Revival architecture in Leicestershire|Grade I listed buildings in Leicestershire|Mock castles in England|Historic house museums in Leicestershire|Gardens in Leicestershire|Gardens by Capability Brown|Burial sites of the Manners family |
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