| 词条 | Lennart Ljung (general) |
| 释义 |
| name = Lennart Ljung | image = Lennart Ljung.jpg | image_size = 250px | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Karl Hilmer Lennart Ljung | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|03|13|df=y}} | birth_place = Sollefteå, Sweden | death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|11|19|1921|03|13|df=y}} | death_place = Stockholm, Sweden | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial_coordinates = | allegiance = Sweden | branch = Swedish Army | serviceyears = 1944–1986 | rank = General | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = Army Staff (1972–74) General Staff Corps (1972–74) Defence Staff (1976–78) Supreme Commander (1978–1986) | battles = Soviet submarine U 137 | battles_label = | awards = Order of the Sword | memorials = | spouse = | relations = | laterwork = Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff }}Karl Hilmer Lennart Ljung (13{{nbsp}}March 1921 – 19{{nbsp}}November 1990) was a Swedish Army general and Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1978 to 1986. During Ljung's eight years as Supreme Commander many events of importance for Swedish security and defense policy occurred. Sweden had five different governments under four prime ministers from different political sides. Olof Palme was murdered, the submarine incidents culminated with the Soviet submarine U 137 running aground in Karlskrona and the decision of developing a new fighter aircraft came through.[1] CareerLjung was born in Sollefteå, Sweden, the son of captain Hilmer Ljung and his wife Greta (née Gustafsson).[2] He passed his studentexamen in Gävle in 1941 and his officers exam in 1944.[3] He became a second lieutenant in the Swedish Army Signal Troops in 1944[2] and attended the Royal School of Signals in 1950 and the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1952 to 1954. Ljung was promoted to captain in the Swedish Army Signal Troops in 1953 and attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas from 1956 to 1957 when he became captain of the General Staff.[3] Ljung served at the Northern Scanian Infantry Regiment (I 6) from 1960 to 1961 when he became major of the General Staff. Ljung was teacher of strategy at the Royal Swedish Armed Forces Staff College from 1962 to 1963 and attended the Swedish National Defence College in 1963.[3] He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1964 and served at the Gotland Regiment (P 18) from 1965 to 1966. He was promoted to colonel in 1966 and was head of the Operation Management 2 of the Defence Staff in 1966.[2] He was after that commanding officer of the Uppland Signal Regiment (S 1) from 1968 to 1971, section chief of the Military Area Staff of the Eastern Military Area (Milo Ö) from 1971 to 1972 and was promoted to major general in 1972. The same year he became Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps and acting military commander of the Western Military Area (Milo V) in 1974. Ljung was promoted to lieutenant general in 1976 and was Chief of the Defence Staff from 1976 to 1978.[2] Time as Supreme CommanderIn 1978 he was promoted to general and appointed Supreme Commander.[2] Ljung's time as Supreme Commander was marked by major transformations in the Swedish Armed Forces and by the constant financial pressure.[4] It also consisted of renewal of the war planning, major military equipment projects, such as the Saab JAS 39 Gripen, a new kind of armed forces training and reorganization of both the leadership and the command organization. The handling of the submarine incidents and the systematic continuing submarine incursions also caused great strain on him.[4] Ljung was Supreme Commander during the submarine incident in Karlskrona when the Soviet submarine U 137 in October 1981 ran aground in Blekinge archipelago. By then he had a close collaboration with Prime Minister Thorbjörn Fälldin and was very prominent throughout the incident. His report on the whole situation excluded the possibility that the submarine accidentally ended up in Swedish territory, and he pursue in the coming years the issue of higher allocations to the military to fight the submarine intrusions which was considered coming from the Soviet Union. According to Robert Dalsjö's doctoral thesis, Ljung was the last Supreme Commander who knew the secret peacetime cooperation with NATO, and also the one who discontinued the cooperation.[5] In 1986, Ljung left the position of Supreme Commander and retired from military service and became chief of His Majesty's Military Staff.[4] Personal lifeIn 1947, Ljung married Gertrud Öhman (1922–2005), the daughter of furrier August Öhman and Anna (née Nilsson). They had two children, Lars (born 1948),[3] a retired colonel and senior adviser of the Folke Bernadotte Academy[6] and Ann-Marie (born 1953).[3] Lennart Ljung died in 1990 and was buried in Söderhamn cemetery.[7] Dates of rank
Awards and decorations
Honours
References1. ^{{cite journal |journal=Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademiens handlingar och tidskrift |year=2010 |publisher=Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences |title=I huvudet på en ÖB. Ljungs tjänstedagböcker är en guldgruva |trans-title=In the mind of a Supreme Commander. Ljung's service diaries are a gold mine |location=Stockholm |first=Olof |last=Santesson |number=3 |page=154 |language=sv}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |date=1984 |title=Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1985 |trans-title=Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1985 |location=Stockholm |publisher=Norstedt |language=Swedish |isbn=91-1-843222-0 |url=http://runeberg.org/vemardet/1985/0701.html |page=701}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |editor1-last=Davidsson |editor1-first=Åke |date=1968 |title=Vem är vem?. 5, Norrland : supplement, register |trans-title=Who is Who?. 5, Norrland : supplements, directory |edition=2nd |location=Stockholm |publisher=Vem är vem |language=Swedish |url=http://runeberg.org/vemarvem/norr68/0814.html |page=790}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal |url=http://www.koms.se/content/uploads/2013/06/TiS-nr-4-1991.pdf |journal=Tidskrift i sjöväsendet |title=Minnesteckningar Lennart Ljung |trans-title=Memorandum Lennart Ljung |year=1991 |publisher=Kungl Örlogsmannasällskapet |location=Carlskrona |first=Lennart |last=Lindgren |format=PDF |number=4 |page=217 |language=sv}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dn.se/debatt/sveriges-samarbete-med-nato-viktigare-an-hittills-kant/ |newspaper=Dagens Nyheter |title=Sveriges samarbete med Nato viktigare än hittills känt |trans-title=Sweden's cooperation with NATO more important than hitherto known |last=Dalsjö |first=Robert |date=24 July 2006 |access-date=2 February 2007 |language=sv}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ipstc.org/media/documents/Newsletter_Quarter_01_Jan_To_Mar_2013.pdf |publisher=International Peace Support Training Center |title=Crisis Information Management (CIM) Course |page=12 |format=PDF |access-date=19 November 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://gravar.se/S%C3%B6derhamns%20Pastorat/3857/Karl+Hilmer+Lennart%20Ljung |publisher=Gravar.se |title=Karl Hilmer Lennart Ljung |access-date=19 November 2015 |language=Swedish}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kungahuset.se/monarkinhovstaterna/ordnarochmedaljer/medaljer/medaljer/sokmedalj.4.30963a1811be3fda3ab800012080.html?medaljar=0&medaljtyp=0&medaljnamn=lennart+ljung |publisher=Royal Court of Sweden |title=Sök medaljförläning |access-date=21 July 2016 |language=Swedish}} 9. ^{{cite journal |url=http://livhusarernaskamratforening.se/wp-content/uploads/sites/1725/2016/07/livhusaren_2003.pdf |journal=Livhusaren |title=Husarer i utlandstjänst |first1=Ronny |last1=Modigs |first2=Magnus |last2=Lindström |year=2003 |publisher=Livhusaren |location=Skövde |language=Swedish |id={{LIBRIS|2289794}} |page=4}} Further reading
| title = Chief of the Army Staff General Staff Corps | years = 1972–1974 | before = Karl Eric Holm | after = Gösta Hökmark }}{{Succession box | title = Commander (acting) of the Western Military Area | years = 1974–1976 | before = Claës Skoglund | after = Nils Personne }}{{Succession box | title = Chief of the Defence Staff | years = 1976–1978 | before = Gunnar Eklund | after = Bengt Schuback }}{{Succession box | title = Supreme Commander | years = 1978–1986 | before = Stig Synnergren | after = Bengt Gustafsson }}{{s-court}}{{Succession box |title=Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff |before=Stig Synnergren |years=1986–1990 |after=Bror Stefenson}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ljung, Lennart}} 8 : 1921 births|1990 deaths|Swedish Army generals|People from Sollefteå Municipality|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences|Knights of the Order of the Sword|20th-century Swedish military personnel|Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College |
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