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词条 Limestone Calcined Clay Cement
释义

  1. History

  2. Composition

  3. Environmental impact

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) is a low-carbon cement[1][2][3][4] developed by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, IIT-Delhi, IIT-Bombay, Technology and Action for Rural Development (TARA), IIT-Madras, and the Central University of Las Villas (Cuba).[5][6][7] The cement can reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) related to manufacturing by 30% as compared to ordinary portland cement.[8][9][10][11] In 2014, the LC3 project received 4m CHF in Research and Development funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).[12][13][14][15]

History

Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) stems from research by the Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne. It is the result of an ongoing cooperation between EPFL and partners in India and Cuba on developing low carbon and resource efficient raw materials for cement manufacturing.[16][17][18][7] In 2014, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation provided CHF 4 million in funding for the research and development of LC3.[19][20] Testing and standardisation[7] was carried out by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, IIT-Delhi, IIT-Bombay, Technology and Action for Rural Development (TARA), IIT-Madras, and the Central University of Las Villas (Cuba).[21] Part of the research focused on specific thematic areas of cement research including hydrate assemblages, pore structure, rheology, reactivity (chemistry), durability and mechanical properties, production, environmental sustainability, and cost effectiveness.[22][23][24]

Composition

The main components of LC3 are clinker, calcined clay, limestone, and gypsum.[25][26][27] Its manufacturing process involves synergetic hydration.[28][29] Adding large amounts of calcined clay and ground limestone to concrete mixtures,[30][31] the aluminates from the clay interact with the calcium carbonates from the limestone.[32][33] The additional alumina in the metakaolin reacts with the ground limestone, leading to a less porous material than other cements and providing equal strength with higher levels of clinker substitution.[34][35][36]

Environmental impact

Limestone Calcined Clay Cement is a low-carbon alternative to the standard Portland cement.[37][38] LC3 can reduce CO2 emissions related to cement manufacturing of cement by reducing the amount of clinker, replacing it with limestone and calcined clays.[39][40] Low-grade kaoline clays can be used for the production of LC3 and are abundantly available in many parts of the world.[41][42]

See also

  • Green cement
  • Cement
  • Limestone
  • Portland cement

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2014/06/23/green-cement-to-help-reduce-carbon-emissions/#543ecb255b93|title=Green Cement To Help Reduce Carbon Emissions|work=Forbes}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.orangenews9.com/indo-swiss-proj-in-low-carbon-cement-to-get-boost/|title=Indo-Swiss proj in low-carbon cement to get boost|work=Orange News}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://sourceable.net/green-cement-reduces-carbon-footprint-by-40/|title=Green Cement Reduces Carbon Footprint by 40%|work=Sourceable}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://precast.org/2015/11/green-cement/|title=Green Cement|work=Precast}}
5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOv5CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=green+cement+lc3&source=bl&ots=L17asb9ICo&sig=ogj3-Rl7z-_xH55O7_yq7teEwkQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz0NbQmM_MAhVB1hQKHZ8TB3YQ6AEIQzAG#v=onepage&q=green%20cement%20lc3&f=false|title=Green Building with Concrete: Sustainable Design and Construction, Second Edition|last=Sabnis|first=Gajanan M.|date=2015|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=1498704115|page=57}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aggbusiness.com/sections/general/news/epfl-plans-new-building-material-for-us1-trillion-development-plan/|title=EPFL plans new building material for US$1 trillion development plan|work=AGG Business}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/indoswiss-collaboration-makes-lc3-cement-less-energy-intensive/article6453109.ece|title=Making cement less energy intensive|work=The Hindu}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environmentalleader.com/2014/06/25/researchers-test-low-carbon-cement/|title=Researchers Test Low-Carbon Cement|work=Environmental Leader}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://sourceable.net/green-cement-reduces-carbon-footprint-by-40/#|title=Green Cement Reduces Carbon Footprint by 40%|work=Sourceable}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/cement-which-reduces-co2-emission-developed_1474506.html|title=Cement which reduces CO2 emission developed|work=Z News}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2014/07/17/IITs-Team-up-to-Develop-Eco-friendly-Cement/article2333706.ece|title=IITs Team up to Develop Eco-friendly Cement|work=The New Indian Express}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://actu.epfl.ch/news/a-new-greener-cement-to-meet-future-demand/|title=A new, greener cement to meet future demand|work=News Mediacom}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-20/news/66730974_1_global-cement-market-rural-development-demand|title=Indo-Swiss project in low-carbon cement to get boost in India|work=Economic Times}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greentechlead.com/news/green-cement-that-reduce-carbon-footprint-by-40-17360|title=Green cement that reduce carbon footprint by 40%|work=Green Tech Lead}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tdg.ch/dossiers/geneve/epfl-developpe-ciment-ecologique/story/26517929|title=L'EPFL développe un ciment écologique|work=Tribune de Geneve}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/allied-industries/indo-swiss-project-in-low-carbon-cement-to-get-boost-in-india/49039334|title=Indo-Swiss project in low-carbon cement to get boost in India|work=ET Realty}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newmaterials.com/News_Detail_Limestone_calcined_clay_cement_lc3_to_cut_co2_emissions_by_up_to_30_13413.asp#axzz3E20BN9si|title=Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) to cut CO2 emissions by up to 30%|work=New Materials International}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bi-constructionnews.com/en_article_New_Cement_Blend_to_cut_CO2_Emissions_by_up_to_30_.news|title=New Cement Blend to cut CO2 Emissions by up to 30%|work=Construction news}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://lenews.ch/2014/06/18/epfls-cement-discovery/|title=EPFL’s cement discovery|work=Le News}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-IITs-develop-cement-low-on-carbon-content/articleshow/43763848.cms|title=Three IITs develop cement low on carbon content|work=Times of India}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Switzerland-join-hands-to-reduce-energy-consumption/articleshow/43224425.cms|title=India, Switzerland join hands to reduce energy consumption|work=Times of India}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globaleventslist.elsevier.com/events/2017/12/international-conference-on-calcined-clays-for-sustainable-concrete/|title=International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete|work=Global Events}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://sourceable.net/green-cement-reduces-carbon-footprint-by-40/#|title=Green Cement Reduces Carbon Footprint by 40%|work=Sourceable}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.swissnexindia.org/about/yosi/india-and-switzerland-as-innovation-partners/|title=India and Switzerland as Innovation Partners|work=SwissNex}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecoconstruction-india.com/interviews/dr-soumen-maity--development-alternatives-da|title=LC3|work=eConstruction}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bluewin.ch/fr/infos/suisse/2014/6/17/l-epfl-met-au-point-un-ciment-moins-polluant-.html|title=Ecologie: un ciment moins polluant développé en Suisse|work=Bluewin}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newmaterials.com/News_Detail_Limestone_calcined_clay_cement_lc3_to_cut_co2_emissions_by_up_to_30_13413.asp#axzz47xX0QJKY|title=Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) to cut CO2 emissions by up to 30%|work=New Materials}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/cement-which-reduces-co2-emission-developed_1474506.html|title=Cement which reduces CO2 emission developed|work=Z News}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.enerzine.com/1037/17360+un-nouveau-ciment-ecologique-pour-repondre-aux-besoins-futurs+.html|title=Un nouveau ciment écologique pour répondre aux besoins futurs|work=Enerzine}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2014/06/23/green-cement-to-help-reduce-carbon-emissions/#22a1049a5b93|title=Green Cement To Help Reduce Carbon Emissions|work=Forbes}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/article/19390 |title=Clay and Limestone Cement Could Cut Carbon Emissions |work=Landscape Online |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624041105/http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/article/19390 |archivedate=2016-06-24 |df= }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcement.com/publications/preview/WorldCement/WorldCement-April-2016-Preview.pdf|title=April 2016 Edition|work=World Cement}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://amerika21.de/2015/10/133892/kuba-zement-produktion|title=Kuba produziert Öko-Zement für den Weltmarkt|work=Amerika21}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277648554_Effect_of_fineness_in_clinker-calcined_clays-limestone_cements|title=Effect of fineness in clinker-calcined clays-limestone cements|work=Research Gate}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-20/news/66730974_1_global-cement-market-rural-development-demand|title=Indo-Swiss project in low-carbon cement to get boost in India|work=Economic Times}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.orangenews9.com/indo-swiss-proj-in-low-carbon-cement-to-get-boost/|title=Indo-Swiss proj in low-carbon cement to get boost|work=Orange News}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.schweizerbauer.ch/vermischtes/allerlei/oeko-zement-erzeugt-40-prozent-weniger-klimagase-16537.html|title=Öko-Zement erzeugt 40 Prozent weniger Klimagase|work=Schweizerbauer}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tdg.ch/dossiers/geneve/epfl-developpe-ciment-ecologique/story/26517929|title=L'EPFL développe un ciment écologique|work=Tribune de Geneve}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theconcreteproducer.com/concrete/advancements-in-stronger-greener-concrete_o.aspx|title=Advancements In Stronger, Greener Concrete|work=The Concrete Producer}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eldestapeweb.com/que-es-el-cemento-ecologico-n11039|title=¿Qué es el cemento ecológico?|work=El Destape}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/IITs-working-on-new-cement-blend-to-cut-down-carbon-footprint/articleshow/38447040.cms|title=IITs working on new cement blend to cut down carbon footprint|work=Times of India}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/global-warming/switzerland-to-help-india-cut-down-greenhouse-emissions/articleshow/43278317.cms|title=Switzerland to help India cut down greenhouse emissions|work=Economic Times}}

External links

  • http://www.LC3.ch

2 : Cement|Low-energy building
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