“Linda Bauld”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Linda C. Bauld {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRCPE|FRSE}} (born June 2, 1970) is the Bruce and John Usher Chair of Public Health in The Usher Institute at the University of Edinburgh.^[1] She is the President of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Europe and Deputy Director of the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies.^[2] She also holds the CRUK/BUPA Chair in Behavioural Research for Cancer Prevention at Cancer Research UK. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCPE) in 2017.

Early life and education

Bauld was born in Edinburgh. Her parents emigrated to Canada from Scotland in 1979 when she was a child.^[3] She spent her teenage years on Vancouver Island.^[3] and attended Glenlyon Norfolk School in Victoria.{{fact|date=November 2018}} She completed high school at the top of her graduating class (dux) in 1987 and was awarded a Governor General's Medal by the Province of British Columbia. She spent a year in Grenoble, France as an exchange student between 1987 and 1988. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Political Science at the University of Toronto in 1993. During her time as an undergraduate she was involved in the Hart House Debating Society and competed in public speaking and debating competitions in the USA and Canada. In 1991 she was awarded best individual debater at the North American Debating Championship.{{fact|date=November 2018}} She earned her PhD in social policy at the University of Edinburgh.^[4]^[3]

Career and research

After her PhD, Bauld joined the University of Kent as a postdoctoral fellow in 1997.^[3] Subsequently she joined the Department of Social Policy at the University of Glasgow, as a Lecturer in 2000 and initially continued her post-doctoral research there, which had focused on the patient experience and funding of health and social care services for older people .^[5] In 1998, while still at Kent, her research moved from a focus on older people and end of life services to the primary prevention of conditions that could cause disability and early mortality in later life. She conducted the first evaluation of National Health Service (NHS) smoking cessation services, which were at the time unique in the world as free at the point of use services for smokers who wanted to quit .^[6] While at the University of Glasgow she continued to build a research portfolio in prevention and public health and contributed to several national evaluations of area-based initiatives including Health Action Zones and the New Deal for Communities. In 2006 Bauld moved to the University of Bath where she was appointed as Reader and subsequently Professor and Head of Department of Social and Policy Sciences. Also in 2006, Bauld was made the Government of the United Kingdom's scientific adviser on tobacco control, and held this position until 2010.^[7]

In more recent research her focus has remained on the leading preventable causes of Non-Communicable Diseases, particularly cancer. She explored whether financial incentives could be used to change smoker's behaviour.^[6] She campaigned to support women to stop smoking during pregnancy.^[8]^[9] Bauld found that NHS approaches to smoking cessation were effective in helping smokers to quit, and that group treatment can be more effective than one-to-one.^[10] She found that younger, more deprived and pregnant smokers had the lowest short term quit rates.^[10] She chairs the smoking pregnancy challenge group.^[3]

She joined the University of Stirling in 2011. In 2013 she led Health First, an independent alcohol strategy for the UK.^[11] The study looked at excessive drinking in the UK and called for tougher restriction on alcohol marketing.^[11] It called for the empowerment of licensing authorities, who could control alcohol availability in their jurisdiction.^[11] She conducted a UK-wide survey with YouGov and identified that the majority of people thought the UK's relationship with alcohol was unhealthy.^[11] She became Deputy Director at the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), a Consortium involving 13 Universities, in 2014.^[12] She found that mass media campaigns have little impact in reducing alcohol consumption.^[5] In 2014 Bauld was appointed as Cancer Research UK's Prevention Champion, a two-day a week secondment.^[13]^[7] This role works across preventable risk factors for cancer in the UK and further afield.^[14] She demonstrated that offering financial incentives to pregnant smokers may help them to stop, in the world's largest trial on this topic to date.^[15] Along with colleagues at CRUK, UKCTAS and Public Health England, she established the UK Electronic Cigarette Research Forum in 2016.

She is interested in the evaluation of complex public health interactions and how they can inform health policy. She has conducted research on overweight and obesity, tobacco control, drug and alcohol use and inequalities in health.^[7]^[16] She is the principal investigator of the Tobacco Control Capacity Programme, a global challenge research funds and Cancer Research UK supported program in south Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.^[17] in 2017 Bauld demonstrated that pregnant women were almost two times as likely to quit if they were supported by the point of their first midwife appointment.^[18]^[19]^[20]

Bauld believes that the biggest impact on preventing cancer will be through policy and population level changes.^[21] She is concerned about the rise in cancers that are caused by obesity, and the fact that only 15 % of people are aware that obesity is a cause of cancer.^[22]^[23]^[24] She is concerned that 70 % of millennials will be dangerously overweight before they reach middle age.^[25] In her CRUK role, she has called on a ban for junk food adverts before 21:00, funding to be spent on obesity prevention policies. ^[24]^[26]

Bauld joined the University of Edinburgh in August 2018.^[7] She serves as Bruce and John Usher Chair of Public Health at The Usher Institute.^[7] The Bruce and John Usher Chair is the oldest Professorship of Public Health in the UK.^[27] It was jointly endowed following donations by Alexander Low Bruce and family, and the proprietors of William Younger’s brewery, and Sir John Usher of Usher’s distillery. Bauld is the first woman to hold the Chair and follows Professor Raj Bhopal and other prominent Usher Chairs including Francis Albert Eley Crew, Sir John Brotherston and William Garraway.

She spoke at the 2018 New Scientist Live.^[28] She is on the scientific advisory board for electronic cigarette vaping products at the Government of Canada.^[29] She has contributed to The Conversation.^[30]

Awards and honours

Personal life

Bauld has a son and a daughter with Professor Ken Judge, a social policy academic who served as Director of the King’s Fund Policy Institute in the 1980s and 90s.{{fact|date=November 2018}} They divorced in 2010.{{fact|date=November 2018}} Bauld remarried in 2013 and lives with her second husband and children in Edinburgh.{{fact|date=November 2018}}

References

1. ^¹²³{{Google scholar id}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ukctas.net/|title=UKCTAS - UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies|website=Ukctas.net|accessdate=18 November 2018}}
3. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite web|url=https://conference.ncri.org.uk/focus-on-the-scientific-committee-4/|title=Focus on the Scientific Committee {{!}} 2018 NCRI Cancer Conference|website=Conference.ncri.org.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-30}}
4. ^¹{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Edinburgh|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/21490|hdl=1842/21490|title=Older patient participation in multi-disciplinary decision-making : discharge planning in Scotland and British Columbia, Canada|first= Linda C.|last=Bauld|date=1998|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.641388}}|website=Ed.ac.uk|oclc= 606130751}} {{free access}}
5. ^¹{{Cite journal|last=Young|first=Ben|last2=Lewis|first2=Sarah|last3=Katikireddi|first3=Srinivasa Vittal|last4=Bauld|first4=Linda|last5=Stead|first5=Martine|last6=Angus|first6=Kathryn|last7=Campbell|first7=Mhairi|last8=Hilton|first8=Shona|last9=Thomas|first9=James|date=2017|title=Effectiveness of mass media campaigns to reduce alcohol consumption and harm: a systematic review|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=390|pages=S98|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33033-7|issn=0140-6736|pmid=29329359 |pmc=5913684}}
6. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/psychology/events/2013/118.html|title=2013: Linda Bauld {{!}} School of Psychological Science {{!}} University of Bristol|last=Bristol|first=University of|website=Bristol.ac.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-30}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{Cite news|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/usher/news-events/news-2018/new-appointment-professor-linda-bauld|title=New appointment: Professor Linda Bauld|work=The University of Edinburgh|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Tappin|first=David|last2=Bauld|first2=Linda|last3=Purves|first3=David|last4=Boyd|first4=Kathleen|last5=Sinclair|first5=Lesley|last6=MacAskill|first6=Susan|last7=McKell|first7=Jennifer|last8=Friel|first8=Brenda|last9=McConnachie|first9=Alex|date=2015|title=Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=350|pages=h134|doi=10.1136/bmj.h134|issn=1756-1833|pmid=25627664}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bauld|first=Linda|last2=Oncken|first2=Cheryl|date=2017|title=Smoking in Pregnancy: An Ongoing Challenge|journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research|language=en|volume=19|issue=5|pages=495–496|doi=10.1093/ntr/ntx034|issn=1462-2203|pmid= 28403476}}
10. ^¹{{Cite journal|last=Bauld|first=L.|last2=Bell|first2=K.|last3=McCullough|first3=L.|last4=Richardson|first4=L.|last5=Greaves|first5=L.|date=2009|title=The effectiveness of NHS smoking cessation services: a systematic review|doi=10.1093/pubmed/fdp074|journal=Journal of Public Health|volume=32|issue=1|pages=71–82|issn=1741-3842}}
11. ^¹²³{{Cite news|url=https://www.britishlivertrust.org.uk/experts-call-for-uk-wide-tough-action-on-alcohol-pricing/|title=Health First: Experts call for UK wide tough action on alcohol pricing - British Liver Trust|date=2013-03-01|work=British Liver Trust|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-US}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.uknscc.org/uknscc2013_presentation_176.php?show=bio|title=UKNSCC - UK National Smoking Cessation Conference|website=Uknscc.org|access-date=2018-10-30}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-cigarette-summit.com/speakers/|title=Speakers » E-Cigarette Summit 2018|website=E-Cigarette Summit 2018|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://openforumevents.co.uk/speakers/professor-linda-bauld/|title=Professor Linda Bauld {{!}} Open Forum Events|website=Openforumevents.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/news/heart-and-lungs/gift-vouchers-can-help-pregnant-smokers-quit/|title=Gift vouchers can help pregnant smokers quit|website=Nhs.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-30}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.org.uk/Who-we-are/Linda-Bauld-biography.aspx|title=Linda Bauld biography - IAS|website=Ias.org.uk|access-date=2018-10-30}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ukctas.net/overview.html|title=GCRF - Tobacco Control Capacity Programme|website=Ukctas.net|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/archive/2017/02/schemessuccessatstoppingmums-to-besmoking/|title=Scheme’s success at stopping mums-to-be smoking|date=2017-02-16|work=Press Office|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-GB}}
19. ^{{Citation|last=David Newell|title=Prof Linda Bauld on smoking in pregnancy, STV 28/11/17|date=2017-11-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDFH5Q4YjZs|access-date=2018-10-30}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.totallywicked-eliquid.co.uk/vaped/new-report-shows-support-for-vaping-during-pregnancy/|title=New report shows support for vaping during pregnancy - Vaped|date=2018-07-09|work=Vaped|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-GB}}
21. ^{{Citation|title=NCRI 2016 {{!}} How to prevent cancer at the population level|url=https://www.vjoncology.com/video/58uk5mmw3bo-how-to-prevent-cancer-at-the-population-level/|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-30}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/this-not-fat-shaming-cancer-research-uk-stands-anti-obesity-campaign-backlash/1458472|title='This is not about fat shaming': Cancer Research UK stands by anti-obesity campaign after backlash|access-date=2018-10-30}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-43502144|title=Rise in cancers 'caused by weight'|last=Therrien|first=Alex|date=2018-03-23|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-GB}}
24. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-45601052|title=Obesity to be 'main cancer risk in women'|date=2018-09-24|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-GB}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/26/millennials-set-to-be-the-fattest-generation-of-britons-research-shows|title=Millennials set to be the fattest generation of Britons, research shows|last=Campbell|first=Denis|date=2018-02-26|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/college/campaigners-call-action-tackle-childhood-obesity|title=Campaigners call for action to tackle childhood obesity {{!}} Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|website=Rcpe.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
27. ^{{Cite journal|last=Group|first=British Medical Journal Publishing|date=1902-06-28|title=The John Usher Institute of Public Health of the University of Edinburgh|journal=British Medical Journal|language=en|volume=1|issue=2165|pages=1610–1611|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.2165.1610|issn=0007-1447}}
28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://live.newscientist.com/speakers/linda-bauld|title=Linda Bauld|work=New Scientist Live 2018|access-date=2018-10-30|language=en-GB}}
29. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/about-health-canada/public-engagement/external-advisory-bodies/vaping-products/biographies.html#a3|title=Biographies: Scientific Advisory Board on Vaping Products - Canada.ca|last=Canada|first=Health|website=Canada.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/linda-bauld-115131|title=Linda Bauld|website=The Conversation|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}
31. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/linda-bauld/|title=Professor Linda Caroline Bauld FRSE|date=2019-03-15|website=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-15}}