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词条 List of African-American statewide elected officials
释义

  1. Governors

     Territorial governors 

  2. Lieutenant-governors

  3. Attorneys general

     Territorial attorneys general 

  4. Secretaries of state

  5. Labor Commissioners

  6. Auditors or comptrollers

  7. Superintendents of education

  8. Treasurers

  9. Secretaries of Corrections

  10. Public Utilities Commissioners

  11. References

This is a list of African-American statewide elected executive officials in the United States. These state constitutional officers have their duties and qualifications mandated in state constitutions. This list does not include those elected to serve in non-executive branches of government, such as justices of the state supreme courts or at-large members of the state legislatures. This list also excludes federal legislators, such as the two members of the United States Senate elected from each state or at-large members of the United States House of Representatives.

Governors

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Governor|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Governor
PortraitNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotes
P. B. S.|Pinchback|P. B. S. Pinchback}}
{{small|(1837–1921)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisianaformat=mdy|1872|12|9}}format=mdy|1873|1|13}}Elevated from Lieutenant Governor.
Term ended.
Douglas|Wilder}}[1]
{{small|(born 1931)}}		African AmericanDemocraticVirginiaformat=mdy|1990|1|13}}format=mdy|1994|1|15}}Term limited
Deval|Patrick}}
{{small|(born 1956)}}		African AmericanDemocraticMassachusettsformat=mdy|2007|1|4}}format=mdy|2015|1|8}}Retired
David|Paterson}}
{{small|(born 1954)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|2008|3|17}}format=mdy|2010|12|31}}Elevated to office from Lieutenant Governor.
Retired

Territorial governors

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Governor|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Governor
PortraitNameEthnicityPartyTerritoryTerm startTerm endNotes
{{sortname|Walter|Washington}}}}
{{small|(1915–2003)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|1967|11|7}}format=mdy|1979|1|2}}Appointed as Mayor-Commissioner before being elected in his own right
Lost renomination
{{sortname|Marion|Barry}}
{{small|(1936–2014)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|1979|1|2}}format=mdy|1991|1|2}}Retired
format=mdy|1995|1|2}}format=mdy|1999|1|2}}Retired
Sharon|Pratt|Sharon Pratt Kelly}}
{{small|(born 1944)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|1991|1|2}}format=mdy|1995|1|2}}Lost renomination
Anthony|Williams|Anthony A. Williams}}
{{small|(born 1951)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|1999|1|2}}format=mdy|2007|1|2}}Retired
Adrian|Fenty}}
{{small|(born 1970)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|2007|1|2}}format=mdy|2011|1|2}}Lost renomination
Vincent|Gray|Vincent C. Gray}}
{{small|(born 1942)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|2011|1|2}}format=mdy|2015|1|2}}Lost renomination
Muriel|Bowser}}
{{small|(born 1972)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|2015|1|2}}present

Lieutenant-governors

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent lieutenant governor|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting lieutenant governor
PortraitNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotes
Oscar|Dunn}}
{{small|(1826–1871)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisianaformat=mdy|1868|6|27}}format=mdy|1871|11|22}}Died
Alonzo|Ransier|Alonzo J. Ransier}}[2]
{{small|(1834–1882)}}		African AmericanRepublicanSouth Carolina}}format=mdy|1870|12|3}}format=mdy|1872|12|7}}Retired to run successfully for South Carolina's 2nd congressional district
P. B. S.|Pinchback|P. B. S. Pinchback}}
{{small|(1837–1921)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisianaformat=mdy|1871|12|6}}format=mdy|1872|12|9}}Elevated to Governor
Richard|Gleaves|Richard Howell Gleaves}}
{{small|(1819–1907)}}		African AmericanRepublicanSouth Carolinaformat=mdy|1872|12|7}}format=mdy|1876|12|14}}Lost reelection
Caesar|Antoine}}
{{small|(1836–1921)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisianaformat=mdy|1873|5|22}}format=mdy|1877|4|24}}Lost reelection
Mervyn|Dymally|Mervyn M. Dymally}}[3]
{{small|(1926–2012)}}		African American, Indian AmericanDemocraticCaliforniaformat=mdy|1975|1|6}}format=mdy|1979|1|8}}Lost reelection
George|Brown|George L. Brown}}
{{small|(1926–2006)}}		African AmericanDemocraticColoradoformat=mdy|1975|1|14}}format=mdy|1979|1|10}}Retired
Douglas|Wilder}}
{{small|(born 1931)}}		African AmericanDemocraticVirginiaformat=mdy|1986|1|18}}format=mdy|1990|1|12}}Retired to run successfully for Governor
Joe|Rogers|Joe Rogers (politician)}}
{{small|(1964–2013)}}		African AmericanRepublicanColoradoformat=mdy|1999|1|12}}format=mdy|2003|1|14}}Retired
Jennette|Bradley}}
{{small|(born 1952)}}		African AmericanRepublicanOhioformat=mdy|2003|1|13}}format=mdy|2005|1|5}}Resigned to become Ohio Treasurer
Michael|Steele}}[4]
{{small|(born 1958)}}		African AmericanRepublicanMarylandformat=mdy|2003|1|15}}format=mdy|2007|1|17}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senator of Maryland
David|Paterson}}
{{small|(born 1954)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|2007|1|1}}format=mdy|2008|3|17}}Elevated to Governor
Anthony|Brown|Anthony G. Brown}}
{{small|(born 1961)}}		African AmericanDemocraticMarylandformat=mdy|2007|1|17}}format=mdy|2015|1|21}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor
Malcolm Smith
{{small>(born 1956)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|2009|1|7}}format=mdy|2009|6|8}}Resigned
Jennifer|Carroll}}
{{small|(born 1959)}}		African AmericanRepublicanFloridaformat=mdy|2011|1|4}}format=mdy|2013|3|12}}Resigned
Boyd|Rutherford}}
{{small|(born 1957)}}		African AmericanRepublicanMarylandformat=mdy|2015|1|21}}present
Jenean|Hampton}}
{{small|(born 1958)}}		African AmericanRepublicanKentuckyformat=mdy|2015|12|8}}present
Justin|Fairfax}}
{{small|(born 1979)}}		African AmericanDemocraticVirginiaformat=mdy|2018|1|13}}present
Sheila|Oliver}}
{{small|(born 1952)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Jerseyformat=mdy|2018|1|16}}present
{{small>(born 1982)}}African AmericanDemocraticMichiganFormat=mdy|2019|1|1}}present
{{small>(born 1986)}}African AmericanDemocraticWisconsinformat=mdy|2019|1|7}}present
{{small>(born 1965)}}African AmericanDemocraticIllinoisJanuary 14, 2019present

Attorneys general

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent attorney general|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting attorney general
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Edward|Brooke|Edward Brooke}}
{{small|(1919-2015)}}		African AmericanRepublicanMassachusettsformat=mdy|1963|1|3}}format=mdy|1967|1|3}}Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate seat from Massachusetts[5]
Roland|Burris|Roland Burris}}
{{small|(1937-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticIllinoisformat=mdy|1991|1|14}}format=mdy|1995|1|9}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Illinois[6]
Pamela|Carter|Pamela Carter}}
{{small|(1949-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticIndianaformat=mdy|1993|1|13}}format=mdy|1997|1|16}}Retired[7][8]
Thurbert|Baker|Thurbert Baker}}
{{small|(1952-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticGeorgiaformat=mdy|1997|6|1}}format=mdy|2011|1|10}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Georgia[9]
Peter C.|Harvey|Peter C. Harvey}}
{{small|(1952-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Jerseyformat=mdy|2003|6|16}}format=mdy|2006|1|30}}Retired.[10]
Kamala|Harris|Kamala Harris}}
{{small|(1964-present)}}		African American
Indian American
Jamaican American		DemocraticCaliforniaformat=mdy|2011|1|3}}format=mdy|2017|1|3}}Retired to run successfully for U.S. Senate from California[11]
Curtis|Hill|Curtis Hill}}
{{small|(?-present)}}		African AmericanRepublicanIndianaformat=mdy|2017|1|9}}present[12]
Letitia|James|Letitia James}}
{{small|(1958-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|2019|1|1}}present[13]
Kwame|Raoul|Kwame Raoul}}
{{small|(1964-present)}}		African American
Haitian American		DemocraticIllinoisformat=mdy|2019|1|14}}present[14]
Aaron|Ford|Aaron D. Ford}}
{{small|(1972-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNevadaformat=mdy|2019|1|7}}present[15]
Keith|Ellison|Keith Ellison}}
{{small|(1963-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticMinnesotaformat=mdy|2019|1|7}}present[16]

Territorial attorneys general

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent attorney general|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting attorney general
PortraitNameEthnicityPartyTerritoryTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Karl|Racine|Karl Racine}}
{{small|(1963-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDistrict of Columbiaformat=mdy|2015|1|2}}present

Secretaries of state

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Secretary of State|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Secretary of State
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Jonathan Clarkson|Gibbs|Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs}}
{{small|(1821-1874)}}		African AmericanRepublicanFlorida18681872Appointed Superintendent of Public Instruction
Pierre G. DeslondeAfrican AmericanRepublicanLouisiana18721876Retired
James|Lynch|James D. Lynch}}
{{small|(1839–1872)}}		African AmericanRepublicanMississippi18691872Retired
Hiram|Revels|Hiram Rhodes Revels}}
{{small|(1827-1901)}}		African AmericanRepublicanMississippi18721873Retired
Hannibal C. CarterAfrican AmericanRepublicanMississippi18731873Retired
M.M. McLeodAfrican AmericanRepublicanMississippi18731873Retired
James HillAfrican AmericanRepublicanMississippi18741878Retired
Francis|Cardozo|Francis Lewis Cardozo}}
{{small|(1836-1903)}}		African AmericanRepublicanSouth Carolina18681872Elected State Treasurer
Henry|Hayne|Henry E. Hayne}}
{{small|(b.c. 1840-???)}}		African AmericanRepublicanSouth Carolina18721877Resigned
Richard|Austin|Richard H. Austin}}
{{small|(1913-2001)}}		African AmericanDemocraticMichiganformat=mdy|1971|1|1}}format=mdy|1995|1|1}}Lost re-election[17]
C. Delores|Tucker|C. Delores Tucker}}
{{small|(1927-2005)}}		African AmericanDemocraticPennsylvaniaformat=mdy|1971|1|20}}format=mdy|1977|8|21}}Fired[18]
Basil|Paterson|Basil Paterson}}
{{small|(1926-2014)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|1979|1|1}}format=mdy|1983|1|1}}Retired[19]
Vel|Phillips|Vel Phillips}}
{{small|(1923-2018)}}		African AmericanDemocraticWisconsinformat=mdy|1979|1|3}}format=mdy|1983|1|3}}Lost re-nomination[20]
Jesse|McCrary|Jesse J. McCrary Jr.}}
{{small|(1937-2007)}}		African AmericanDemocraticFloridaformat=mdy|1978|7|19}}format=mdy|1979|1|2}}Retired
Myra|McDaniel|Myra McDaniel}}
{{small|(1932-2010)}}		African AmericanDemocraticTexasformat=mdy|1984|8|6}}format=mdy|1987|1|26}}Retired[21]
Hannah|Atkins|Hannah Atkins}}
{{small|(1923-2010)}}		African AmericanDemocraticOklahoma19871991Retired
Vikki|Buckley|Vikki Buckley}}
{{small|(1948-1999)}}		African AmericanRepublicanColorado19941999Died[22]
Lonna|Hooks|Lonna Hooks}}
{{small|(?-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanNew Jersey19941998Retired
Ken|Blackwell|Ken Blackwell}}
{{small|(1948-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanOhioformat=mdy|1999|1|8}}format=mdy|2007|1|8}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for governor
DeForest|Soaries|DeForest Soaries}}
{{small|(1951-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanNew Jerseyformat=mdy|1999|1|1}}format=mdy|2002|1|1}}Retired
Regena|Thomas|Regena Thomas}}
{{small|(?-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Jersey20022006Retired
Nina|Mitchell Wells|Nina Mitchell Wells}}
{{small|(?-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Jerseyformat=mdy|2006|1|19}}format=mdy|2010|1|19}}Retired
Robyn|Crittenden|Robyn Crittenden}}
{{small|(?-?)}}		African AmericanRepublicanGeorgiaformat=mdy|2018|11|8}}format=mdy|2019|1|14}}Appointed by governor to fill predecessor's remaining term, retired
Jesse|White| Jesse White (politician)}}
{{small|(1934-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticIllinoisformat=mdy|1999|1|11}}present
Tahesha|Way|Tahesha Way}}
{{small|(?-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Jerseyformat=mdy|2018|1|16}}present

Labor Commissioners

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Labor Commissioner|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Labor Commissioner
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Al|Scott|Al Scott (Georgia politician)}}
{{small|(?-?)}}		African AmericanDemocraticGeorgia19901992Appointed by governor, resigned to serve on State Board of Education
Mike|Thurmond|Mike Thurmond}}
{{small|(1953-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticGeorgiaformat=mdy|1999|1|11}}format=mdy|2011|1|10}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate

Auditors or comptrollers

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Auditor or Comptroller|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Auditor or Comptroller
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Edward|McCabe|Edward P. McCabe}}
{{small|(1850-1920)}}		African AmericanRepublicanKansasformat=mdy|1883|1|8}}format=mdy|1887|1|10}}Failed to win re-nomination
Roland|Burris|Roland Burris}}
{{small|(1937-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticIllinoisformat=mdy|1979|1|8}}format=mdy|1991|1|14}}Retired to run successfully for Attorney General of Illinois
Carl|McCall|Carl McCall}}
{{small|(1935-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Yorkformat=mdy|1993|5|7}}format=mdy|2002|12|31}}Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor
Ralph|Campbell|Ralph Campbell Jr.}}
{{small|(1946-2011)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNorth Carolina19932005Lost re-election
Randy|Brock|Randy Brock}}
{{small|(1943-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanVermontformat=mdy|2005|1|3}}format=mdy|2007|1|4}}Failed to win re-nomination

Superintendents of education

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Superintendent|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Superintendent
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
William|Brown|William G. Brown (Louisiana politician)}}
{{small|(1832-1883)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisiana 1872 1874Failed to get re-election
Thomas|Cardozo|Thomas Cardozo}}
{{small|(1838-1881)}}		African American
Jewish American		RepublicanMississippi 1873 1875Failed to get re-election
Joseph|Corbin|Joseph C. Corbin}}
{{small|(1833-1911)}}		African AmericanRepublicanArkansas 1873 1875Failed to get re-election
Jonathan Clarkson|Gibbs|Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs}}
{{small|(1821-1874)}}		African AmericanRepublicanFlorida18721874Died
Wilson|Riles|Wilson Riles}}
{{small|(1917-1999)}}		African AmericanDemocraticCalifornia 1971 1983Failed to get re-election
Michael|Williams|Michael L. Williams}}
{{small|(1953-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanTexasformat=mdy|2012|8|27}}format=mdy|2015|12|31}}Retired
Carolyn|Stanford Taylor|Carolyn Stanford Taylor}}
{{small|(1957-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticWisconsinformat=mdy|2019|1|7}} present
Tony|Thurmond|Tony Thurmond}}
{{small|(1968-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticCaliforniaformat=mdy|2019|1|7}} present

Treasurers

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Treasurer|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Treasurer
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Antoine|Dubuclet|Antoine Dubuclet}}
{{small|(1810-1887)}}		African AmericanRepublicanLouisiana18681878Retired
Francis|Cardozo|Francis Lewis Cardozo}}
{{small|(1836-1903)}}		African AmericanRepublicanSouth Carolinaformat=mdy|1872|8|1}}format=mdy|1877|5|1}}Retired
Gerald|Lamb|Gerald Lamb}}
{{small|(1924-2014)}}		African AmericanDemocraticConnecticut19631970Retired
{{sortname|James B.|Lewis|James B. Lewis}}
{{small|(1947-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew Mexico19851990Retired
20072015Retired
Jim|Hill|Jim Hill (Oregon politician)}}
{{small|(1947-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticOregonformat=mdy|1993|1|1}}format=mdy|2001|1|1}}Retired
Richard|Dixon|Richard N. Dixon}}
{{small|(1938-2012)}}		African AmericanDemocraticMaryland19962002Retired
Denise|Nappier|Denise Nappier}}
{{small|(1951-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticConnecticutformat=mdy|1999|1|3}}format=mdy|2019|1|9}}Retired
Michellene|Davis|Michellene Davis}}
{{small|(?-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNew JerseySeptember 2007January 2008acting
Velda|Jones-Potter|Velda Jones-Potter}}
{{small|(?-present)}}		African AmericanDemocraticDelawareformat=mdy|2009|1|1}}format=mdy|2011|1|1}}Lost-renomination

Secretaries of Corrections

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Secretary of Corrections|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Secretary of Corrections
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Franklin|Freeman|Franklin Freeman}}
{{small|(1945-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticNorth Carolina 1993 1997Retired

Public Utilities Commissioners

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes incumbent Public Utilities Commissioner|border=black}}
  • Italics denotes acting Public Utilities Commissioner
PictureNameEthnicityPartyStateTerm startTerm endNotesRef
Wilson|Goode|Wilson Goode}}
{{small|(1938-)}}		African AmericanDemocraticPennsylvania 1979 1980Retired after being appointed as Managing Director of Philadelphia
J.C.|Watts|J. C. Watts}}
{{small|(1957-)}}		African AmericanRepublicanOklahoma 1990 1995Retired after winning election as U.S. Representative

References

1. ^Previously served as Lieutenant Governor.
2. ^Later served as U.S. Representative from South Carolina's 2nd congressional district.
3. ^Later served as U.S. Representative from California's 31st congressional district.
4. ^Later served as Chair of the Republican National Committee.
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/honorable-edward-brooke|title=The Honorable Edward Brooke's Biography|website=The HistoryMakers|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/B/BURRIS-,-Roland-(B001266)/|title=BURRIS , Roland {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|website=history.house.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
7. ^Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 67, p. 12.
8. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=f20v23TpqUQC&q=Pamela+Carter+attorney+1959&dq=Pamela+Carter+attorney+1959&hl=en&ei=9tBVTc-mL8P88Abkpti6Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg Jennifer M. York, Who's Who Among African Americans.] Gale, 2003.
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/thurbert-baker-39|title=Thurbert Baker's Biography|website=The HistoryMakers|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.alumni.morgan.edu/s/1192/16/interior.aspx?pgid=420|title=The Honorable Peter C. Harvey, '79|website=www.alumni.morgan.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/90839/13-trailblazing-facts-about-kamala-harris|title=13 Trailblazing Facts About Kamala Harris|date=2019-01-23|website=mentalfloss.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nuvo.net/news/curtis-hill-named-vice-chair-of-gop-attorneys-general-assoc/article_0c0a527e-e797-11e8-a2f8-fb16ecfc949f.html|title=Curtis Hill Named Vice Chair of GOP Attorneys General Assoc.|last=Walker|first=Kayla|date=13 November 2018|work=Nuvo|access-date=4 February 2019}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/nyregion/tish-james-attorney-general-trump.html|title=N.Y.’s New Attorney General Is Targeting Trump. Will Judges See a ‘Political Vendetta?’|last=Mays|first=Jeffery C.|date=31 December 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/illinois-attorney-general-democratic-candidate-kwame-raoul/|title=Illinois Attorney General Democratic nominee: Kwame Raoul|last=|first=|date=14 October 2018|work=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=4 February 2019}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/nevada/aaron-ford-setting-priorities-for-his-time-as-nevada-attorney-general-1527178/|title=Aaron Ford setting priorities for his time as Nevada attorney general|last=Lockhead|first=Colton|date=14 November 2018|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|access-date=4 February 2019}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/keith-ellison-ushers-in-new-era-for-minnesota-attorney-general-s-office/504008982/|title=Keith Ellison ushers in new era for Minnesota Attorney General's Office|last=Montemayor|first=Stephen|date=7 January 2019|work=Star Tribune|access-date=4 February 2019}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://blogs.lib.msu.edu/red-tape/2018/may/may-6-1913-richard-h-austin-born-first-african-american-hold-statewide-office/|title=MSU Libraries: Richard H. Austin}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=State secretary Tucker fired by Shapp |url=https://digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu/repository/dcg/1977/09/22/036-dcg-1977-09-22-001-single.pdf |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121209191020/http://digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu/repository/dcg/1977/09/22/036-dcg-1977-09-22-001-single.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=December 9, 2012 |accessdate=February 18, 2012 |newspaper=The Daily Collegian |date=September 22, 1977 }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/long-island/obituaries/basil-paterson-dead-trailblazing-ny-politician-and-former-gov-david-paterson-s-father-was-87-1.7733115 |title=Basil Paterson dead, trailblazing NY politician and former Gov. David Paterson's father was 87 |publisher=Newsday |date=2010-11-02 |accessdate=2014-04-17}}
20. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2018/04/17/pioneering-civil-rights-leader-vel-phillips-dies/527107002/|title=Pioneering civil rights leader Vel Phillips dies|date=April 17, 2018 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|accessdate=April 17, 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Myra McDaniel|url=http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/myra-mcdaniel-41|website=The HistoryMakers|publisher=The HistoryMakers|accessdate=20 February 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Victoria Buckley; Colorado Secretary of State, GOP Star |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jul/17/news/mn-56815|website=The Los Angeles Times|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|date=17 July 1999|accessdate=8 February 2019}}
{{African-American politics}}

2 : State constitutional officers of the United States|African-American politicians
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