“List of African Nobel laureates”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Nobel Prize is an international prize awarded annually since 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. An associated prize in Economic Sciences has been awarded since 1969.^[1] Nobel Prizes have been awarded to over 800 individuals.^[2]

Africans have received awards in five of the six Nobel prize categories: Peace, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Chemistry. The first Black African recipient, Albert Luthuli, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1960 and the first White African who received the prize was Max Theiler in 1951 for Physiology or Medicine. The most recent recipients, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2011.

A notable recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize is Nelson Mandela (1918 – 2013) the first democratically elected president of South Africa, who played a key role in the repeal of apartheid laws . He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 alongside President F.W. de Klerk ^[3]

Two African laureates, Anwar Sadat of Egypt in 1978 and F.W. de Klerk of South Africa in 1993, were presidents of their countries at the time they were awarded the Nobel Prize. Sadat was honored along with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin for their efforts to reach a peace agreement between their two countries. DeKlerk was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize along with Nelson Mandela, who led the ANC but was not president of South Africa until 1994.

Laureates

Year

Image

Name

Country

Category

Comment

1951

Max Theiler

South Africa|1928}}

Physiology or Medicine

First White African to win a Nobel Prize

1957

Albert |Camus}}

France}} (born in Algeria)

Literature

First White African to win a Nobel Prize in Literature

1960

Albert |Luthuli}}

South Africa|1928}}

Peace

First Black African to win a Nobel Prize

1978

Anwar El|Sadat}}

Egypt}}

First Egyptian and North African to win a Nobel Prize

1979

Allan M. Cormack

Physiology or Medicine

1982

Aaron Klug

Chemistry

1984

Desmond|Tutu}}

Peace

1985

Claude Simon

France}} (born in Madagascar)

Literature

1986

Wole|Soyinka}}

Nigeria}}

First Black African person to win the Nobel Prize for Literature^[4]

1988

Naguib Mahfouz

Egypt}}

First Egyptian and North African to win a Nobel Prize in Literature

1991

Nadine Gordimer

First White African woman to win a Nobel Prize

1993

Nelson|Mandela}}

Peace

1993

F. W. de Klerk

1997

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji

France}} (born in Algeria)

Physics

1999

Ahmed Zewail

Egypt}}

Chemistry

First Egyptian and North African to win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

2001

Kofi|Annan}}

Ghana}}

Peace

2002

Sydney Brenner

Physiology or Medicine

2003

J. M. Coetzee

Literature

2004

Wangari|Maathai}}

Kenya}}

Peace

First black African woman to win a Nobel Prize

2005

Mohamed ElBaradei

Egypt}}

2011

Ellen|Johnson Sirleaf}}

2011

Leymah|Gbowee}}

2018

Denis Mukwege

Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

References

1. ^"Nobel Prize" (2007), in Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed 14 November 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: {{quote|An additional award, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/ |title=All Nobel Laureates |publisher=Nobel Foundation |accessdate=2010-03-01}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url = https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography|title = Biography of Nelson Mandela|date = |accessdate = 8 November 2015|website = Nelson Mandela Foundation|publisher = |last = |first = }}
4. ^{{cite web | title = Wole Soyinka Biography| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1986/soyinka-bio.html}}