| 词条 | List of birds of Louisiana |
| 释义 |
This list of birds of Louisiana includes species credibly documented in the U.S. state of Louisiana, as accepted by the Louisiana Bird Records Committee (LBRC) of the Louisiana Ornithological Society.[1] Of the 483 species on the list as of October 2016, 145 are classed as accidental and four were introduced to North America. Two species are known to be extinct, two others possibly are, and two have been extirpated. Birds that are considered probable escapees, although they may have been sighted flying free, are not included. This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North American Birds, 7th edition through the 59th Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[2][3] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list. The following tags have been used to designate some species:
Ducks, geese and swansOrder: Anseriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AnatidaeThe family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
New World quailOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: OdontophoridaeThe New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Pheasants, grouse, and alliesOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhasianidaeThe Phasianidae is the family containing the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial birds, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
FlamingoesOrder: Phoenicopteriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhoenicopteridaeFlamingoes are gregarious wading birds, usually {{convert|3|to|5|ft|m|1}} tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
GrebesOrder: Podicipediformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PodicipedidaeGrebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Pigeons and dovesOrder: Columbiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Cuckoos, roadrunners, and anisOrder: Cuculiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
Nightjars and alliesOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CaprimulgidaeNightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.
SwiftsOrder: Apodiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ApodidaeThe swifts are small birds, spending most of their lives flying. They have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
HummingbirdsOrder: Apodiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TrochilidaeHummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Rails, gallinules, and cootsOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RallidaeThe Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive, making them difficult to observe. Most have strong legs with long toes, short rounded wings, and are weak fliers.
CranesOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: GruidaeCranes are large, tall birds with long legs and long necks. Unlike the similar-looking but un-related herons, cranes fly with necks extended. Most have elaborate and noisy courtship displays or "dances". When in a group, they may also "dance" for no particular reason, jumping up and down in an elegant manner, seemingly just for pleasure or to attract a mate.
Stilts and avocetsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RecurvirostridaeRecurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
OystercatchersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HaematopodidaeThe oystercatchers are large, conspicuous and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
Lapwings and ploversOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CharadriidaeThe family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are generally found in open country, mostly in habitats near water.
Sandpipers and alliesOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds which includes the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. Most eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or sand. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
SkuasOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StercorariidaeSkuas are medium to large seabirds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
AlcidsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlcidaeAlcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits; however they are not closely related to penguins and are (with one extinct exception) able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to breed.
Gulls, terns, and skimmersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: LaridaeThe Laridae are a family of medium to large seabirds and containing the gulls, terns, kittiwakes, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.
TropicbirdsOrder: Phaethontiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
LoonsOrder: Gaviiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: GaviidaeLoons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are clumsy on land.
AlbatrossesOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: DiomedeidaeAlbatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
Southern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: OceanitidaeThe storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Northern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HydrobatidaeThough the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Petrels and shearwatersOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ProcellariidaeThe procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united tubular nostrils with a median septum.
StorksOrder: Ciconiiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CiconiidaeStorks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.
FrigatebirdsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FregatidaeFrigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Boobies and gannetsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SulidaeThe sulids comprise the boobies and gannets. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
CormorantsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.
AnhingasOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AnhingidaeAnhingas, also known as darters or snakebirds, are cormorant-like water birds with long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters, diving for long periods, and often swim with only their neck above the water, looking rather like a water snake.
PelicansOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PelecanidaePelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Bitterns, herons, and egretsOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are wading birds with long necks and legs. Herons are large and egrets are smaller. The cattle egret is typically seen amongst flocks of cattle. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of the Ardeidae fly with their necks pulled back into a curve.
Ibises and spoonbillsOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ThreskiornithidaeThe family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies are elongated, the neck more so, with long legs. The bill is also long, curved downward in the ibises, straight and markedly flattened in the spoonbills.
New World vulturesOrder: Cathartiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CathartidaeNew World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. Unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.
OspreyOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PandionidaePandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.
Hawks, kites, and eaglesOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AccipitridaeAccipitridae is a family of birds of prey that includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. They have very large, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Barn-owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TytonidaeBarn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Typical owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StrigidaeTypical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
KingfishersOrder: Coraciiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
WoodpeckersOrder: Piciformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PicidaeWoodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Caracaras and falconsOrder: Falconiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FalconidaeThe Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey containing the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
New World and African parrotsOrder: Psittaciformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PsittacidaeCharacteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from {{convert|8|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.
Tyrant flycatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TyrannidaeTyrant flycatchers are passerines which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
ShrikesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: LaniidaeShrikes are passerines known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
VireosOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: VireonidaeThe vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerines restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Jays, crows, magpies, and ravensOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
LarksOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlaudidaeLarks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Swallows and martinsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partly joined at the base.
Chickadees and titmiceOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ParidaeThe Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
NuthatchesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SittidaeNuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike most other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.
TreecreepersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CerthiidaeTreecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
WrensOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TroglodytidaeWrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
GnatcatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PolioptilidaeThe family Polioptilidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds containing the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens.
KingletsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RegulidaeThe kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.
Old World flycatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MuscicapidaeThe Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing.
ThrushesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Mockingbirds and thrashersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MimidaeThe mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. They are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
Starlings and mynasOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SturnidaeStarlings are small to medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Their plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
WaxwingsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: BombycillidaeThe waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Old World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasseridaeOld World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Wagtails and pipitsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MotacillidaeMotacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
FinchesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FringillidaeFinches are seed-eating passerines. They are small to moderately large and have strong, usually conical and sometimes very large, beaks. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. They have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
LongspursOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CalcariidaeThe Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that were traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
New World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasserellidaeUntil 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Yellow-breasted chatOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteriidaeThis species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
IcteridsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteridaeThe icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerines restricted to the New World, including the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
Wood-warblersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ParulidaeThe wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerines restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Cardinals and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CardinalidaeThe cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://losbird.org/la_checklist_2016.pdf |title=Official Louisiana State List |author=Steven W. Cardiff|display-authors=etal|date=1 August 2016 |website= |publisher=Louisiana Ornithological Society |access-date=8 October 2016 |quote=}} 2. ^American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 3. ^R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., Douglas F. Stotz, Benjamin M. Winger, and Kevin Winker. "Fifty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2018, vol. 135:798-813 retrieved 16 July 2018 See also
External links
1 : Lists of birds of the United States |
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